


D^rCdMtM 



Our Acre 



/ V 



AND 



Its Harvest. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY 



NORTHERN OHIO 



|,lerdaml |irancli of thc||nitcd .Stales .Sunitarn Commission. 



h 



" An arm of aid to the weak, 

A friendly hand to the friendless. 
Kind words, so short to speak, 
But whose echo is endless. 
The world is wide — these things arc small. 
They may be nothinjc. hnt they are all." 







^> 



CLEVELAND: 

FAIRBANKS, BENEDICT & CO., PRINTERS, HERALD OFFICE. 

1869. 






Entori'fl aicordiiiir to Act of Coiiirress, in the year l?i>f>. hv 

MAKY ll.Alv'K BU AVTt^X am> Kl.l.KX F. TERUV. 

Ill llu' Clerk"!- Otliei' of tlio District Court of the Inited Slates for the Norlheni 

District of Oliit>. 



TO 



THE AID SOCIETIES 

OF NORTHERN OHIO, 

BRANCHES OF THE VTXE 

WHOSE PLANTING. CULTURE, GROWTH AND FRUITAGE 

ARE HERE KECORDED, 
THIS VOLUME IS IKSCRIBED. 



PART I . 



GENERAL HISTORY. 



BY 



V^ 



MARY CLARK B R A T T O N . 



PART II 



SPECIAL RELIEF. 



BT 



ELLEN F . T E U IM . 



I L L U S T R A TI O X S 



Frontispiece, Part I, Tue Cleveland Aid Rooms, Exterior. 

-Map of Ouio, - - 57 

Hospital, Cajip Cleveland, - 97 

Flokal Hall, Sanitary Fair, IM 

Monument Park, Cleveland, - -Ao 

Fkontispiece, Part II, Soldiers' Home, Cleveland, Exterior. 

The Ward, - - 319 

The Dining Room, 353 

Keceivixo a Regiment, -- 375 



O O N T E ]>l T ^ 



PART 1 . 



GENERAL 11 1 S T O R Y 



C U A P T E R I . 

The First Call, The Preliminary Oriranization. The r>lanket Raid. Coats for 
the Soldier Boys. Shirts and llavelocks. The First Shipment. The Permanent 
Organization. Committee^s. Circular Ivo. 1. Headquarters Established. Branch 
Aid Societies. Co-operation Secured. Other Circulars. Enlarging tlie Borders. 
Amateur Patriotic Concert. Cleveland Branch Sanitary Commission. System 
of Disbursenienl. I\ailroad Speed. Vexatious Rumors. Handing in " the 
Bill.-' 17-36 

CHAPTER II. 

Favors of Transportation. The First Report. Change of Title. The Winter's 
'W'orlv. Systematic Contribution. Battle of Fort Donelson. An Autograph 
Testimonial. A Trip to tlie Front. Sanitary Depot, Nashville. Battle of Pitts- 
bi)rg Landing. The Excitement in Cleveland. Hospital Transport Work. The 
Steamer Lancaster. The Depot Hospital. To Pittsburg Landing — on board the 
Lancaster. General Shipments. Sanitary Agency, Leavenworth 37 — 55 

CHAPTER III. 

Geographical Limits. Cultivating the Field. Relations with Branch Societies. 
Duties of the Officers. Aid Room Committees. Marked Articles. Canned 
Fruit and Jellies. Storekeeping Perplexities. Currant Juice and Toast. Con- 
centrated Chicken. Office Duties. " Leader Articles." Document Committees. 
Picture of the Aid Rooms. Committees at Work. The Aid Room Office. 
Varied Experience. Lights and Shadows 56—74 

CHAPTER IV. 

A Visit to Washington. Ohio Relief Association. Battle of Perryville. Painful 
Rumors. A Trip to Perryville. The Soup House. Central Office, Louisville. 
Manner of Forwarding. Private Packages. Special Shipments. More Trans- 
portation Favors. 75—8(5 



CONTENTS. 



C II A P T E R A' 



Circular No. 10. Hard Times. Financiering. Ways and Moans. Earnest Con- 
sultations. The California Fund. Second Thoughts. Kevievv of the Work. 
Cainp Cleveland Hospital. An Incident. Home Cliarity. A Christmas Dinner. 87—99 



CHAPTER VI. 

The Siege of Vicksburg. The Steamer Dunleith. Music and Tableaux. Mur- 
doch's Readings. Change of Vice Presidents. Committees. An Insidious 
Foe. Campaign against Scurvy. The Vegetable Raid. Canvassing and Lectur- 
ing. Purchasing Vegetables. Special Cars. Another Journey. Traveling in 
Di.\ie. Sight-seeing. A Cheering Report __ _ 100 — 110 

C II A P T E R \ 11. 

The "Onion" League. The Sanitary Reporter. Mailing Documents. Good 
News. Sanitary Gardens— A Description. A Picnic Dinner. A Glorious 
" Fourth." Timely Supplies. A Thank-ofl'eriug. Returning Heroes. A Fore- 
shadowing. A New Project. Cleveland Soldiers' Home. The Summer's Work. 
Giving out Material. Sustaining the Home. 117—134 

C II A P T E R VIII. 

Sanitary Fairs. Following the Example. An Embarrassment. CouHictinj; In- 
terests. A Compromise. An opportune Legacy. Northern Ohio Sanitary Fair. 
Committees for the Fair. Issuing Circulars. Appointing Delegates. Planning. 
Thorough Canvassing. Ladies at Work. The Proposed Building. An Ominous 
Silence. Tormenting Doubts. Snow versus Carpenters. Plan of the Building. 
Decorating the Halls. Evergreens and Banners. Last Preparations. Enter 
taining the Delegates. The Ticket System 135—153 



CHAPTER IX. 

The Opening Day. Tlie Inaugural Ode. Ceremonies of the Day. The Ladies' 
Bazaar. The Booths— their decorations. Pennsylvania's Share. The American 
Booth. Lake County and Russia. "Erin go Bragh." The Restaurant. 
Daughters of Molly Stark. German Liberality. Senoritas and Buckeye Girls. 
England and Yankee Land. The Post Office. The Newspaper. A Formidable 
Battery. The Bower of Rest. The " Crazy Bedquilt." ,...15C— 179 



CHAPTER X . 

Floral Hall. Arbors and Cottages. The Wigwam. The '-Wayside Inn." Rustic 
Work. Mechanics' Hall — Its contributions. Refreshment Hall. Good Cheer. 
Mysterious Precincts. Fine Art Hall. The Museum — Its Treasures. Memorials. 18C — 194 



CHAPTER XI. 

Evening Entertainments. Continental Tea-Party. Manners of the Old School. 
Old Folks' Concert. Sons of Malta. The Dramatic Club. The Attendance. 
The Draft-wheel. Closing Scenes. Sale of the Building. Success of the Fair. 
Cash Receipts. A " twice blessed " Charity. 195 — ;U7 



CONTENTS. ^1 

C II A P T E K XII. 

\ CUT the Fair. The Reaction. Special Calls. The Fair Fund. Increased E.x- 
penditure. Issuin- Material. Selling at Cost. The Salesroom. The Work 

' ...208— -.ilT 

Dei)artnient . 

CHAPTER XIII. 

Army Movements. A Memorable Record. Official Bulletins. Cleveland Army 
Committee-Its Plans and Purposes. Work of the Delegates. Sympathy. Let- 
ters and Inquiries. The Hospital Directory. " One Inquiry, One Aus\ver,"-An 
K.xtract. Hospital Cars. - On a Hospital Train,"-A Description _21S-3:J:i 

CHAPTER X I ^' . 

The Printing Office. "Aid Society Print." Canvassing and Forwarding. Help 
lor Prisoners. Change of Vice Presidents. Review of the Year. Expenses of 
Distrilmtion. New Quarters. A Consecration "'■^ -■*-^ 

C H A P T E R X V . 

A Memorable Day. Welcome Home. Questions and Answers. Continuing Sup- 
plies. A state of Siege. " Comfort Bags." ^-o place to Stop. The Employ- 
ment Agency-Its Management. A Significant Record. An Abstract 244-255 

CHAPTER XVI. 

Close of the Supply Work. Breaking up the Aid Rooms. Ohio State Soldiers' 
Home. Transferring Soldiers. Closing up. The Free Claim Agency -Its ^^^^ 
Management. Last Days. Summary. Conclusion ao6-2l» 



PART r I 



SPECIAL RELIEF 



MARINE HOSPITAL, A E 2^1 Y D E P A K T M E N T . 
Early Camp Life. Ward Cominittoes. Marine Hospital _ .•273— -277 

THE DEPOT HOSPITAL. 

Pittsburg Landing. Hospital Steamers. The Depot Hospital. Its Menage. 
Capacities and Resources. A Drawback. Returning Regiments. Stirring 
Appeals. The Port Hudson Regiments. New Duties. Cleveland Hospitality. 
Care of the Sick. Friendly Messages. Pleasant Duties. Life and Death. 
Limited Quarters. Successful Canvassing. The Invalid Corps. Sundry 
Petitions. Hopeless Quests. Difticult Commissions. A Handful of Letters. 
Letters Continued, rnion Prisoners. Hospital Inquiry. Sanitary Issues. 
Fruitless Journeys. A Sad History. Aid Room Guests. Sanitary Treasures. _. 278—307 

THE SOLDIERS' HOME. 

Diagram. The Reception Room. The Early Outflt. The First Prize. The Home 
Prospectus. Means of support. Flexible Rules. Aim of the Institution. Its 
Administration. An Old Friend. An Apparition. The First Death. Veteran 
Regiments. Occasional Grievances. Wounded in the Wilderness. Two 
Patients. Domestic News. Enlarging the Home. Ohio National Guards. 
The Children's Gifts. Home from the War. Bringing Home the Dead. Arti- 
ficial Limbs. Acknowledgments. Army Letters. Contributing Societies. 
Winter Quarters. Refugees and Deserters. Tommy. Entertainments. One 
Day at the Home. Feeding the Convalescents. Varied Wants. Appeals for 
Aid. Prisoners' Letters. Hunger and Cold. Exchange of Prisoners. Rebel 
Mercy. Starved to Death. A Mother's Letter. Veteran Reserves. Welcome 
to Ohio Soldiers. An Early Breakfast. The New Dining Room. RivalAttrac- 
tions. A Bill of Fare. The Reserve Force. Generous Railroad Companies. 
Entertaining a Brigade. A midnight Meal. Open Air Toilets. Progress of the 
Feast. Invalid Diet, Johnny comes marching home. Departure. The Hos- 
pital Department. A Submissive Patient. Crippled Correspondents. The 
Wounded of the 103d Ohio Volunteers. A Sad Return. A Dinner Party. The 
Cruel War is Over. Mustered Out. Eloquent Guests. Raiders and Malcon- 
tents. Fourth of July Banquet. The Little Sailor. The Prodigal Son. The 
Hospital Legacy. A Flourishing Business. Wanted, Employment. An Afflict- 
ing Endorsement. A Colored Regiment. A Perilous Journey. The Homeward 



CONTENTS. XIU 

March. Thanks from Minnesota. A Permanent Home. A Happy New Year. 
The National Asylum. The Winter's Work. In the Sick Ward. Faithful 
Mourners. Grown up Scholars. A Disabled Man's Future. Unclaimed. Resi- 
dent Pensioners. Final Duties. The Home Dismantled. The School Girl's 
Fete -.- ___ ...308— 39T 

THE CLAIM AGENCY. 

Collection of War Claims. Tlie Cleveland Agency. .New Laws. A Flood of 
Api)lications. " Not Entitled." Additional Bounty Act. Increase of Pension, 
luditrnant Epistles. Eemonstrances. Destitute Clients. Change of Agent. 
Satisfactory Kesnlts. The Agency's Reward. A Service Accomplished. Special 
Relief Record. The Home Army. An .^niple Recompense ; 398—414 



A r P E N D I X . 

APPENDIX A.— Cash and Supjily Report 418—4.31 

APPENDIX B.— Special Relief Report 431—441 

APPENDIX C— Claim Agency Report 444 

APPENDIX D.— Names of Members. 44(1— 449 

APPENDIX E.— Committees _._ ....452—400 

APPENDIX F.— Branch Societies 463—511 



PART I . 



GENERAL HISTORY. 



- 




I 




o-C 




_ 




GE?(ERAL HISTORY. 



cpiAPTEi; r. 

'I'lii-; C'l.KVKi.ANU Ladies.— Thf Indies of (.'Icvi'ImiuI. ready :iud anxious to lake (lieir 
lull share iii the oxerlioiis and privations, if ni'ed be, imposed by tlie publie i)erils. are 
proniptly iiiovin';- with a view to siieh an organization as may l)e most useful and elVeetive. 
'Plu-y propose also to oiler their assistanee to the eommittee of citizens to be appointed for 
I lie purpose of nialKin;;- provision for the wives and ehildi-en of the bravt' nu-n who have left, 
and are leaviug, our city to fi^dit the battles of our country. 

A meeting; of the ladies will be held for this purpose to-morrow, Saturday, at ;] o'clock, 
at Chapin lh\]\.—E.i'traclfrom Olevelaxd Heuai.d, A2>i'U H)th, 18l!l. 

Ix response to tins call, at the appointed liour on 
Saturday, April 20tli, ISlU — only five days after Pres- 
ident Lincoln's first call for troops to suppress the 
great rebellion — Clia}>in Hall was filled witli ladies 
wlio came together to inquire liow the charity of wo- 
man could best serve her country in its impending 
peril. 

There were fiushed faces, aglow with exalted feel- 
ing, troubled brows, shaded by vague apprehension, 
o-rave countenances, Dale with nameless forebodinirs, — 
eyes that sparkled with excitement, and eyes with a 
startled outlook or dim ^^'ith o-atherino; tears. 

What this strauQ-e cloud, suddenly thi'eatenino; the 
far otl' lx")rders of the land, might portend, happily no 
prophetic tongue was loosed to tell ; no vision of the 
future rose to appal the assembly that met that day 
with the earnest purpose to do with their might what- 
soever a woman's hand should find to do. 

2 17 



18 'HIE riU'^LlMmAKY OKGANIZATION. 

The busy note of martial preparation was heard npon 
the streets. From every spire and house-top the stars 
and stripes were flung out. Every woman and child 
knotted the red, white and blue into necktie, shoulder- 
ribbon or sash; every man wore, with pride, a tri- 
colored favor — the badge of national honor. Scarcely 
twenty-four hours before, two companies of city mili- 
tary — Cleveland's first offering towards the first call 
for seventy-five thousand troops — had marched away, 
hastily exchanging the trappings of holiday parade for 
the equipments of the field. 

That these stout-hearted soldiers, now far on their 
way to the defense of the National Capital, needed 
present aid was impossible, that they would ever need 
the hand of relief was a haunting thought, scarcely 
formed into words, but put away with a shudder of 
dimly defined dread. Now all sympathy turned to- 
wards the wives and children of the volunteers who 
had. just gone, several ladies at the meeting mention- 
incj; cases of severe sickness or destitution amono- them. 
A preliminary organization was formed by calling 
Mrs. B. Rouse to the chair, appointing Mrs. S. B. Page 
secretary, and Maky Clark Brayton treasurer. 

Mrs. George A. Benedict, Mrs. C. D. Brayton, Mrs. 
II. L. WnriMAN, Mrs. C. A. Terry and Mrs. J. A. Har- 
ris were made a special committee to confer with and 
aid the ward committees of gentlemen in disbursing a 
large fund that had been raised by subscription from 
citizens for the benefit of soldiers' fiimilies. At this 
moment two gold dollars, carefully wrapped in silver- 
tissue paper, were put into the ti'easurer's hand, sent 
by an aged unknown man to be given to the fimiily 



THE i;LA>[Ki"r i;ati). 10 

most needing aid. This suggested an impromptu col- 
lection, and twenty-two dollars were added to the first 
golden oflering. The most of this little sum was given 
to the ladies of the special committee to meet peculiar 
cases. The meeting then adjourned to A])ril 2od, when, 
l)y recpiest, a medical man gave an informal lecture 
upon nnilving and adjusting bandages and dressings, 
and the work of preparing lint and bandage Ijegan. 
This recalled the carefully banished thought of Avhat 
war might l)ring, and a tearful audience he had. 

Two days later, while Inisy though unskilful hands 
were plying this sad task, a gentleman from the cam]) 
of instruction just opened near the city, b(^gged to in- 
terrupt. Mounting the platform, he announced that 
one thousand volunteers from towns adjoining were at 
that moment marching into camp, and that, expecting — 
in the pardonaljle ignorance of our citizen soldiery at 
that early day — to be fully ecpiipped on reaching this 
rendezvous, many of these men had brought no blank- 
ets, and had now the prospect of passing a sharp April 
niirht uncovered on the OTOund. 

This unexpected occasion was eagerly seized. Two 
ladies hastened to engage carriages, ^vliile the others 
rapidly districted the city. In a few minutes eight 
hacks ^vere at the door, and two young ladies in each, 
with route marked out, were despatched to represent 
to the matrons of the town this desperate case. 

At o o'clock this novel expedition set off. All the 
afternoon the carriages rolled rapidly through the 
streets. Bright faces glowed with excitement, grave 
eyes gave back an answering gleam of generous sym. 
pathy. A word of explanation sufficed to bring out 



20 COATS FOR Til 10 SOLDIER HOYS. 

delicate rose blankets, cliintz (juilts, tliick couuterpaiies, 
and by uigkttall seven hundred and twenty-nine blank- 
ets were carried into camp. Next morning the work 
was resumed, and before another night every volunteer 
in Camp Taylor had been provided for. 

While this " blanket raid " was going on, the ladies 
at the meeting, startled by the sound of fife and drum, 
hurried to the door just in time to see a company of 
recruits, mostly tanner lads, march down the street 
towards the new camp. These had " left the plow in 
the furrow," and imagining that the enlistment-roll 
would transform them at once into Uncle Sam's blue- 
coated soldier boys, they had marched away from home 
in the clothes that they were wearing when the call first 
reached them. 

Before they turned the corner, motherly watchful- 
ness had discovered that some had no coats, that others 
wore thin linen blouses, and that the clothino- of all 
Avas insufficient for the exposure of the scarcely enclosed 
camp. On this discovery the bandage meeting at once 
l)roke u]^, and the ladies hurried home to gather up the 
clothing of their OAvn boys for the comfort of these 
young patriots. Two carriages heaped with half- worn 
clothing drove into camp at sundown. This Avork 
was repeated many times at Camp Taylor, and in 
the later years of the war it Avas made a specialty of 
the Society to supply second-hand clothing for tem- 
porary use of soldiers. 

Awakened to the necessities of the fast o-atherino; 
troops, the ladies applied to the commandant of the 
post, and received from him a i][uantity of army flannel 
to make up. The merchant tailors gave patterns and 



STIIETS AND 



"havelocks." 21 



the services of tlieir cutters, tlie rooms of the Young 
Men's Christian Association were offered as a depot, 
and thei-e the packages of work were distributed. The 
Grover & Baker and Wheeler & Wilson sewing ma- 
chine rooms ^vere thro\vn open and were soon crowded 
with industrious dames, some cutting, some hasting, and 
others guiding the fast flying machines. In two days 
one thousand army shirts were cut, given out, finished 
and returned to camp. 

While feverishly anxious to be doing, and sadly 
needino- cmidance, from the East there came a sugges- 
tion that "Havelocks" were the first necessity of field 
service, and for weeks much superfluous enthusiasm was 
worked into these grotesque head-pieces. The stiff 
linen was cut l^y many aching fingers, and given out 
in parcels to ladies who returned the finished articles 
in a fabulously short time. Thus an ample suppl}' 
was soon furnished to each Northern Ohio regiment. 
Following this was a spasmodic effort to introduce the 
French pocket tent, and then came a period when the 
Society languished, not from lack of interest in the 
work, but because utter ignorance of its nature pre- 
vented the anticipation of those needs which the cam- 
paign would develop. 

Meantime, the committees appointed to visit the 
f^unilies of volunteers had districted the city and were 
systematizing their work, laying the foundation for the 
" Ward Relief Committees " that existed in Cleveland 
throughout the war. When the Aid Society entered a 
more extended field of duty, these ward associations 
formed a distinct organization, recognized and aided l\y 
the city authorities and well supported by contribution. 



i2i? THE FlUS^T STTIP:\rKXT. 

Sickness had no^v appeared at Camp Taylor. Fever 
and epidemic measles were spreading rapidly tlirougli 
the ranks. The little regimental hospital established 
tliere May 2d, and a post hospital opened shortly after, 
were almost wholly furnished by the ladies, who visit- 
ed them daily, and never empty-handed, Especialh* 
did those ladies who lived near devote their time and 
means to the care and comfort of the inmates. JMrs. 
T>i\ Loxci, Mrs. Lewis Severance, Mrs. Philo Scovii.l 
and jMrs. E. F. Gaylokd were prominent in this work. 

AVliile thus employed it was impossible to believe — 
A\hat Avas constantly asserted by men experienced in 
regular army affairs, — that no volunteer hospital aid 
was needed. Tlie mind wonld run forward to the regi- 
ments lately marched away, and it seemed certain that 
similar comforts Avould be douldv welcome to the sick 
among them. Visitors returning from Camp Dennison 
confirmed this growing belief, and letters of intpiiiy 
brought grateful acceptance of the profl^'ered aid. 

Following the suggestions so gladly received, two or 
three members of the Society jn'ej^are the Urst shipment 
of liospital stores. As the small fund raised on organ- 
izing was long ago exhausted, this must l)e done by pri- 
vate contribution. From house to house goes the little 
foraiiino- party, confiscatino; the comfortable dressino- 
gOAvn and easy-going slippers of the astonished but non- 
resisting master, the soft towels and handkerchiefs of 
the smilino" mistress, searchino; the library for pleasant 
books and anmsing pictorials, levying upon the pantry 
for a stock of dainties, and beguiling from the sho^^" 
keej^er a generous su]iply of toilet comforts, dozens of 
[>Mlm-leaf fans and sundry packages of writing mate- 



PEKMANEKT OTlGAKlZATION. 23 

rial. U(^tiirnino-, tlie parlor is trausformed into a 
store-room, gi'eat dry-goods boxes receive the spoils, 
deftly stowed away — sufficient for tlie sick of two regi- 
ments — and \vltli these go carefully packed baskets of 
jellies, wines and lemons. No more hearty offering 
ever called down a blessing upon the cheerful giver. 

A courteous acknowledgment duly received encour- 
aged fuT'ther \enture, and letters offering hosj^ital sup- 
plies and begging instruction in preparing them, were 
despatched to the surgeon of every Northern Ohio regi- 
ment. Eagerly catching at every grain of information 
that floated home^vard from hosj^ital and camp, and in- 
creasing this scanty stock by vigorous correspondence, 
the ladies found that each day imfolded new occasion 
for the beneficence of the Society. Now presented it- 
self the idea of centralizing the work of Northern Ohio, 
with a view to its greater efficiency. A permanent 
organization was (Elected l)y the election of the follow- 
in 2: officers : 

PRESIDENT, 

MRS. B. ROUSE. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS, 

MRS. JOHN SHELLEY, MRS. WILLIAM MELIIINCII. 

SECRETART, 

MARY CLARK BRAYTON. 

TREASURER, 

ELLEN F. TERRY. 

Business meetings w^ere appointed for the flrst Tues- 
day in each month and the following standing com- 
mittees formed for receiving supplies and for cutting 
and directino; the work: 



lu 



('(mMITTEI>:s. 



<^)i Hospital (lotliimj — Mrs. Joseph Perkins, Mrs. 
Charles Hickox, Mrs. Joseph Lyman, Mrs. M. C. 

YOT^NGLOVE. 

On Hospital Slippers — Mrs. D. Ho\\k. 

On Beddimj — Mrs. J. A. H arris. 

On Lint — Mrs. Hira:m Griswold. 

On Bandages and Compresses — Mrs. D. C-iiittexdex, 
Mrs. J. H. Chase. 

On Fruit ecnd Groceries — Mrs. S. Beldex, Mrs. 
Peter Thatcher. 

Of the receiving and packing committees, wliicli 
were appointed at each lousiness meeting for the ensuing 
month, it is regretted that no complete record has been 
preserved. The following are the names of some of 
the ladies who served in these committees in the early 
days of the Society, or who acted as alternates to the 
standino; committees mentioned above : 

Mrs. Tho^ias M. Ivelley, Mrs. L. M. Hubby, Mrs. S. 
Williamson, Mrs. Charles A. Terry, Mrs. Johx Cro- 
WELL, Mrs. WiLLiA^i T. S:mith, Mrs. William Collixs, 
Mrs. Htra:m Iddtngs, Mrs. Bolr'ar Butts, Mrs. Joseph 
Hayward, Mrs. W. H. Hayward, Mrs. Charles M. 
GiDiNGs, Mrs. J. H. Wade, Mrs. A. B. Stone, Mrs. J. 
H. Sargeant, Mrs. William E. Standart, Mrs. Tho^ias 
Bolton, Mrs. William Mittleberger, Mrs. John Coon 
Mrs. Augustus E. Foote, Miss Bixby, Mrs. Willia:\i 
J. Board:max, ]\Ii-s. Henry G. Abbey. 

A membership fee of twenty-five cents monthly was 
fixed, and contribution boxes labeled "Aid for our 
Sick and Woi^^nded Soldiers," were conspicuously 
posted in banks, hotels, railroad station and post-office. 
Xo constitution or bv-laws were sus^o-ested, and be^ 



OC5' 



(iij( ri.AFv NO. 1. 'iT) 

yond the inontlily fee and a verbal pledge to wt^rk 
while tlie war should last, no form of meml)erslii]) 
was ever ado])ted. No written word held the Society 
too-ether, even to its latest davs. 

June 20th, Circular No, 1 was prepared, announcing 
that "the Ladies' Aid Society of Cleveland, having re- 
ceived direct information of the articles needed, now 
invites the co-operation of the patriotic ladies of other 
towns in su])plying the pressing necessities of our vol- 
unteers in cam}) and on the march.'" 

Tliis circular was first mailed to the postmaster of 
each town in Ohio, with a personal note, begging him 
" to put it into the hand of some active, benevolent wo- 
man, askingher to correspond with the Society." He was 
further requested to send back the names of six women 
whom he judged would l)est help forward a brancli aid 
society, and to these six, in due course of mail, the cir- 
cular was despatched with a letter urging them to form 
a local organization. To the clergy of every denomi- 
nation throughout the State a copy was sent, with a 
written request that it might be read from the pulpit. 
It ^V' as published in every newspaper of Northern Ohio, 
and industriously sent fnv and wide wdierever an ad- 
dress could l)e o])tained. Many were the ingenious 
devices for tin-owing it into every nook and corner of 
the State. Market gardeners carried it home in their 
baskets, farmers found it thrust into their pockets. At 
mere hearsay of a possible correspondent, little memo- 
randum liooks would creep from the pockets of the Aid 
Society ofiicers, — advertisements were carefully copied, 
county organizations noted, and hotel registers consult- 
ed. The Avorthy farmer "whose name appeared one day 



^6 irKAD-QrAKTERS Tl.^TAr.LISIlKD. 

mnong tlie hotel arnv.ils in the city, and whose wife, 
by next mail, received in her quiet country home the 
ubiquitous circular of the "Ladies' Aid Society," would 
liave been sadly puzzled to trace effect back to fii'st 
cause. 

Tlie necessity for a depot was now apparent, and 
July 1st a part of the store No. 95 Bank street was 
obtained at a triHing i-ent. A great room it seemed, — ■ 
gloomy indeed to these incipient store-keepers on first 
entrance, and forbiddino; enousrh, till the festoonino- 
cobwebs were swept away, the stained walls and dusty 
windows made, by housewifely skill, to wear a more 
tidy look, and an old counter drawn across the room, 
midway down, to form the boundary of the dim regions 
where quaint rubbish was heaped up. Here the "Aid 
Society," with an empty treasury, but with great ex- 
pectations, established head-quarters. A sign above 
the door announced the benevolent purposes of the in- 
stitution. A rude desk w\as improvised, crowned witli 
an official ink stand, a talde and half a dozen unpainted 
chairs borrowed, and the long empty shelves la1)eled 
in anticipation of the stores that tuyst come. The 
rooms were opened from 10 to 12 a. ]\r., daily, and 
volunteer committees, two ladies in turn, sat hopefully 
through the long hours for maiij a weary day, with 
very little to reward their patience save an occasional 
visit from a patriotic lady mth her offering of a bowl of 
jelly for the sick, or a shy child bringing its little pack- 
age of lint. Contributions from the city insensibly but 
steadily increased, each household adding to the stock, 
(rradually the nearest towns were represented in these 
o'ifts, — the leaven had l)eirun to Avork. Letters of in- 



BKANOII AID SOCIETlKS. 27 

(|uiiy poured in, all aboiiiKliiioj in patriotic sentiment, 
some enthusiastic, others cautions, at first, and often fol- 
lo^ved by visits from the writers, who represented their 
neighborhood as alive to the appeal, anxious to gain in- 
struction, grateful for this new avenue to friends in the 
army, and beginning to realize that concert of action 
was necessary to the success of a work in which much 
desultory labor was now expended, and not always 
with satisfactory results. The president of the Society 
frecpiently visited Camp Taylor, and invited friends 
who came from the country to see the soldiers in the 
new camp, to call at the Aid Ilooms. Here plans were 
discussed, opinions interchanged, and such light as the 
ladies had gained from their own short experience was 
imparted to the visitor, who invariably turned home- 
ward strengthened in purpose, nor was the interview 
less cheering to the ladies of the Society. 

Aid Societies were daily springing up, and their 
officers, as reported, were entered as correspondents. 
Inrpiiry was invited, letters were carefully answered, 
and patterns furnished. Home mission societies, church 
sociables, sewing circles, and various benevolent or- 
sranizations were converted into Soldiers' Aid Societies 
without change of organization. A vote of the mem- 
bers to work for sick and wounded soldiers while the 
war should last, was all the formality necessary. This 
enabled them to enter at once upon their new 
duties. 

The prevalent fear of assuming duties which legiti- 
mately belonged to the Government, and which might 
enrich the conunissariat without benefittino* the soldier, 
threatened to ])ecome a serious obstacle, by checking 



'}f^ ('0-O]>ETlATI01sr SECURED. 

that enthusiastic co-operation so important to success. 
It seemed necessary to explain the fact that, in a war 
so suddenly thrust upon a nation, there is, unavoidably, 
a hiatus l)etween the ability of Government and the 
demand of hospital and camp, which can only be filled 
by the eiforts of benevolent associations. 

To meet and overcome this difficulty, the president 
of the Society stepped from her life of quiet and unob- 
trusive charities, visited families and villages, and by 
personal explanation and appeal, secured the hearty 
and enthusiastic support of all who listened to her 
arguments. 

The terrible reverse at Bull Run intensified the 
growing interest in city and country. Three large 
cases of bandages and dressings were immediately de- 
spatched to the Surgeon General, and for many days 
after the news of the battle the rooms were thronged 
with women bringing their ofl:erings for the wounded. 
Two gentlemen, Messrs. Willia^i Edwards and John 
M. Sterling, Jr., volunteered to collect material from 
the dry-goods merchants, and the results of their ap- 
peal kept the work committees fully emj^loyed for 
many busy Aveeks. 

Meantime the search for truth continued. Vigorous 
correspondence was kept up with the surgeons of all 
western regiments that could be reached by letter from 
this point, and earnest efi:brts were made to learn the 
state of the hospitals of Western Virginia and Missouri. 
Acting upon the scanty knowledge thus obtained, 
supplies were sent from time to time, as the small 
means of the Societv would allow. Letters to Miss 
Pix brought kind reply and valuable suggestions. In 



OTHER CIRCULAPtS. 20 

the East the United States Sanitary Commission was 
rapidly unfolding its noble purposes, and from its rep- 
resentative in the West, Dr. J. S. Newberry, the Society 
early received advice and direction. At his suggestion 
small shipments were made to St. Louis, Cairo, and the 
regimental hospitals of Western Virginia. These went 
forward in charge of an agent of the Sanitary Com- 
mission whose report of their distribution was highly 
satisfactory. Letters from the recij)ients soon followed 
and these were industriously circulated among the 
country societies. 

September 1st, Circular No. 2 was issued, containing 
deiinite measurements for hos2)ital garments and direc- 
tions for preparing surgeons' supplies. This circular 
was endorsed by Dr. Newberry on behalf of the Sani- 
tary Commission. 

September 5th, appeared Circular No. 3, addressed 
to the little girls, bespeaking tlieir handiwork in 
making lint, bandages and eyeshades. This was en- 
thusiastically received, and every school house and each 
playroom became a Ijusy workshop where nimble fin- 
gers plied the needle and l^right eyes flashed with 
newly awakened patriotism. 

September 9th, Circular No. -1 informed the women 
of Northern Ohio that " the Society organized for col- 
" lectino; and transmittino; to the sick and wounded of 
" the Federal army such hospital stores as the Govern- 
" ment fails to provide, — having secured reduced rates 
" of transportation to the Ohio River, where an agent 
" of tlie Sanitary Commission will receive and forward 
" all such packages to destination, — now ensures to 
" auxiliary societies the most reliable transmission of 
" their goods to the hospitals of Western Virginia." 



;;() >:NLAKG!N<i THE HOllDEKS. 

The [)t;i'soiiul interests of Northern Ohio women then 
centered in Western Virginia, and this annt»uneenient, 
with the letters of aeknowledgment from liospitals, 
embodied in CircuLar No. 5, issued September 17th, 
evoked ready response. 

As box after box came in, the hidies found their 
modiciun of space too small, and from this time they 
occupied the whole floor of " 05," arranging a double 
row of hinged receiving-cases along the wall for con- 
venience of the unpacking committee, and now lirst re- 
siuninii" hannuer and niarkino:-brush into the hands of 
a ]~torter. 

The three hours of daily business lengthened into 
six ; a pleasant office in the rear Avas fitted up by con- 
tribution, one gentleman furnishing a carpet, another 
a desk, a third volunteering instruction in book-keep- 
ing and invoicing, a fourth sending his drayman on 
slii})ping days, and all showing a deep interest in this 
amateur storekee})ing, now" beginning to assume the 
proportions of a veritable business establishment. 

The finances of the Society w^ere the subject of much 
anxious thought. Membership fees aggregating twen- 
ty dollars per month and occasional gifts of money in 
small sums were its only sources of revenue, and its ex- 
panding purposes Avere now in danger of being checked 
by the lack of funds. 

In this emergency, several young ladies for the first 
time oftered to the public their fine musical talents, in 
an "Amateur Patriotic Concert," given September 24th. 
They were assisted by gentlemen of well knoAvn musi- 
cal ability, wdiose services were also volunteered for 
the good cause. (See Appendix E.) The use of the 



AMATEl'i: PATiaOTIC CONCERT. .'U 

Academy of Music was given hy tlie lessee, and the 
generosity of every one wlio liad a part in tlie arrange- 
ments reduced tlie expenses to a trifling sum. This 
charming entertainment w^as well patronized, and the 
sum of five hundred and six dollars realized to the 
Society, — more than two-thirds of its whole income 
during the first three months of organization. 

Unwilling that their rooms should be merely a depot 
for the contributions of others, the ladies strove to do 
their share in preparing hospital supplies. A large 
part of the concert fund was immediately ex})ended 
for material which was cut out by the indefatigable 
conunittees and taken home to be made uj). 

The disbursements of the Society kept steady pace 
with the receipts. The first stock of the su})])ly depot, 
opened October 8th 1)y the Sanitary Commission, in 
Wheeling, Va., was wholly furnished from Cleveland, 
and many comforts which the Society now had means 
to purchase were sent to the hos2)itals of Western 
Virginia and the Kanawha. A delightful stimulus 
was imparted by the late Prof Peck, of Oljerlin, O., in 
an informal lecture given upon returning from the hos- 
l)itals of the Kanawha Valley where he had seen some 
traces of the comfort aftbrded by this distribution. 

As the location of hospitals became more remote, 
transportation more hazardous and communication Ijy 
letter with the army more uncertain, the officers of the 
Society deeply felt the burden and responsibility of 
dispensing, with prudence, impartiality and wisdom 
the precious fruits of so much patient and loving toil; 
and on October 0th, ISGl, the Soldiers' Aid Society of 
Cleveland was formally olfered as a Branch to the 



i)2 CLEVELAXD BRANCH SAT^ITAIIV (O^LMISSION. 

United States Saxitaky Co.M.^iLsrfiux. The followiiiu- 
is the reply to that proposal: 

U. S. Sanitaky C'ommissiox, ) 

Treasury BuiLDiNf4s, Wariiixciton, D. ('., - 

October ICtli, 1801. ) 

Mrs. B. liou;>K, 

Prcddetd Sddiers Aid Society, Cleveland, Ohio. 

]Mauam : I b('o- to iicknowk'do-e the receipt of your favor of the Oth iust.. 
by your secretary, iu whicli you do this Commission the hoiior to propose 
the " Sokliers' Aid Society," of Cleveland, Ohio, as one of its co-operative 
brandies. It gives me great satisfaction to inform you that at the first 
meeting of the Sixth Session of the Commission, hekl here yesterday, it 
was unanimously 

Resolved, That tlie " Soldiers' Aid Society," of Ch'veland, Oliio, is hereby 
constituted a Corresponding Branch of the Sanitary Commission : ami tluit 
the secretary notify that Society of the action of the Commission, with an 
expression of the sense entertained by the Commission of the importance 
and value of its services. 

In accordance with the al>ove resolution, I cordially invite the c:)rre^poud- 
euce and co-operatiuu of your Society with this Commissicjn, through its 
fellow-member, Dr. J. S. Newberry, of your City, wh.o is tlu' Assjciate 
Secretary' of the Commission for your Department. 

, I am, Madam, with great respect, your obedient servant, 

FEED. LAW OLMSTED, 
General Secretary U. S. San. Coin. 

Tlie advice and aid of Dr. Newberry had "been 
sought, and rendered with unvarying kindness, long 
before this reference to his dej^artment gave the Socie- 
ty any claim to them. At this time all eyes Avere 
turned and all hopes centered upon the forces that 
were gathered around Washington, and the care of 
Eastern benevolent associations was largely bestowed 
upon the troops lying immediately within reach of 
their aid. The destitution in the military hospitals of 
the Great West, and especially of Western Virginia, 
called loudly for relief, and the Cleveland Branch 
gladly followed the advice received from the General 



SYSTEM OF DISBUIISEMENT. 33 

Secretary, and devoted its labors to tlie armies of the 
West. 

Now fully ill rapport Avith tlie Sanitary Commission, 
the Society sought to give some return for the advan- 
tasces accruins: from the connection. All articles issued 
from the Cleveland Aid Rooms were fi-om this time 
stamped with the name of the Sanitary Commission, 
its documents were faithfully distributed, its purposes 
and modus oj)eraiidi minutely exj^lained, and every 
effort was made to bring all tributary societies into 
this new relation. 

Orders from Sanitary field-agents were promptly 
filled, and a system of disbursement adoj^ted which 
proved so successful as to merit a passing notice. 

The Sanitary Inspector was furnished with printed 
blanks containing a list of hospital supplies. This, after 
observing the needs of a hospital, he was ex]3ected to 
fill out, sign, and return by mail. The Society was 
pledged to honor such drafts, and supplies Avere' 
shipped directly to the designated point. A dupli- 
cate invoice was sent to the Sanitary agent in charge 
of the department, and an acknowledgment was 
required from the surgeon of the hospital, which 
on receipt was carefully filed. The letters from sur- 
geons and soldiers, that often accompanied these 
receipts, Avere of great value in keeping up the interest 
of tributaries. These were always published in the 
city papers and mailed to Branch Societies, or repro- 
duced in circulars that were issued to them. 

The treasury, which had again received a benefit of 
one hundred and sixty dollars, was soon drained by 
an order received from the Sanitary agent in Western 



34 RAILKOAD SPEED. 

Virginia. The spirit witli wliicli sucli deiujiuds were 
answered is shown in these extracts from Cleveland 
papers : 

Work for Ladies. — (Nov. 7tli, 18(51.) — '' Five liuudred sick men will be 
in Wheeling hospital on Saturday night. AVill the ladies of Cleveland pro- 
vide for the comfort of these sick and wounded soldiers ? Three hundred 
bed-sacks are cut out by the Aid Society, and must be made before to-morrow 
night. Call at Aid Rooms and take the work ! " 

Railroad Speed. — (Nov. 8th, 1861.) — "The tliree hundred bed-sacks 
ordered by telegram yesterday morning for the hospital at Wheeling are 
finished, and go down this afternoon on the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Rail- 
road 3.50 passenger train, free of transportation charge." 

The j)resident of the Societ}', by written recjuest of 
General (then Colonel) Eosecrans, accompanied this 
shipment to Wheeling, and gave her personal assist- 
ance in fitting the new hospital for reception of the sick 
and wounded, who were brought in Government trans- 
ports up the Ohio river from the battle-fields and fever 
haunted districts of the Kanawha Valley. 

On this occasion, three Avomen engaged as Govern- 
ment nurses were sent under the patronage of the 
Society to "Wheeling hospital. The experiment not 
proving successful was never repeated, and all subse- 
quent applications from women desiring to become 
army nurses, were referred at once to Miss Dix. 

Certain vexaticnis rumors had from time to time 
disturbed the Aid Room circle, Imt had not been 
thought worthy of notice till no^v. A story that the 
of&cers of the Aid Society were receiving large salaries 
and " making money out of the charities of the people," 
had been thoughtlessly or maliciously started. This 
falsehood, nimble-footed, was now making the rounds 



VEXAT10U8 KUMOKS. .'35 

of the country societies, creating some degree of sns- 
picion and threatening to check contrilnititni. 

To stop this miscliief-niaker, Truth dre\\ on liis 
l)oots and foHowed hard after, in circidarNo. (>, issued 
October 15th, which announced tliat the Clevehmd 
Sohliers' x\id Society was conducted and sup])()rtcd 
(Mitirely l)y vohmtary effort, and that not one cent \\as 
paid for the services of any one connected Avitli its 
nianagenient or niend)erslu]). 

The drayman and ])orter were, at tliis time, the only 
paid attaches of tlie estaldisluuent. 

To this was added a detailed ex])osition of the 
business system of the Society and the Sanitary Com- 
nnssion, and an invitation to all Avhom it might concern 
to call and inspect the books, and to form their opinions 
from actual ac(jnaintance with the work. This circular 
A\as strongly endorsed by the city clergy, and contain- 
ed excellent testimonials from the field. 

After this plain statement of the ti'uth, no further 
atteni[)t was ever made to battle with rumors of this 
kind. It may be suggested here that the generous and 
unilagging suppoi't which the Cleveland Aid Society 
received thrcniixhout the war, is the best evidence that 
the public hnd confidence in the honesty of its manage- 
ment. 

It ^vas sometimes annoying to the Aid Room corps 
to discover that their work was misunderstood or evil 
spoken of, and that the wildest rumors seemed to 
find some credulous ears. 

Several anmsino; instances of this are recalled. 

" Here, girls," said a cheery-faced farmer to the busy 
group around the office table, " I've just been leaving 



a^„-^ -„TTT " 



36 HANDING IN "the BILL, 

fifty weight or so of maple sugar in tlie other room for 
the soldiers, and if you are half as smart as I think 
you are, you'll eat these anyway, as soon as I'm gone, so 
I'll give them to you now," and he held out a dozen 
little cakes of fresh sugar, almost tempting enough to 
justify the suspicion ! 

One donor who was very generous to the soldiers, 
but had a chronic distrust of agencies, always included 
in his box a pat of butter, a wedge of cheese or a few 
apples, marked " expressly to the ladies of the Aid 
Society, for their own use," evidently intending this as 
a bribe to insure the honest forwarding of his bounty. 
One day a sharp-eyed contributor came in with a 
trifling gift. The package was received by one of the 
ladies in attendance, who took note of its contents, and 
proceeded, as usual, to enter them in the ledger that 
lay open on the desk. The donor watched her move- 
ments with ill-concealed anger, and at last broke out 
with, " Well ! they told me you wrote every thing down 
in a book, but I said I hieiv it wasn't so ! I wouldn't 
believe a word of it till this very minute ! They say 
you write it all down so that at the end of the war 
you can hand in your bill, and make government pay 
you for all that the people have given you to send to 
the soldiers !" 

The astonished official sought to allay the suspicions 
of her visitor by explaining the real reason for her 
careful book-keeping. 

Though much softened, and professing to be satisfied, 
she departed Avith an air Avhich showed some lingering 
apprehension that " the bill" might yet be honored at 
the United States Treasury ! 



CHAPTER 11. 

Kentucky, redeemed from rebel rule, opened a new 
field to the Sanitary Commission. 

The organization of the Louisville Branch and of a 
thorough system of sanitary inspection, subjected the 
Cleveland Society to frequent orders from the supply 
depots of Louisville, Lexington, Bardstown and Camp 
Nelson. 

There were also direct calls from surgeons in the 
field, who, havino; received aid from this source on first 
going out, were not slow in bringing to notice the 
later wants of their sick. 

These shipments were all made with the ap2:)roval 
of the Sanitary Commission, and receipts carefully 
taken. The letters of acknowledgment, published 
and widely circulated, greatly stimulated contribution. 

November 2d, the Chicago Branch Sanitary Com- 
mission received an appeal from the regimental hospital 
of the 18th Illinois Volunteers, stationed at Cairo. 
The Chicago Branch not being yet in working order, 
this call was referred by its oflicers to the Cleveland 
Branch, and thence answered by an immediate 
shipment. 

These stores were sent as an earnest of the friendly 
feeling of the Cleveland Society towards other 
branches, and as an evidence of the national character 

37 



38 FAVORS OF TRANSPORTATION. 

of its work. State lines were ever scrupulously ig- 
nored, and, from its first to its latest days, the Society, 
true to the principles of the U. S. Sanitary Commission, 
recognized only the suffering need of a loyal brother, 
whether his enlistment roll were signed in the forests 
of Maine or on the prairies of Minnesota. 

Cash contributions increased as the efficiency of the 
Society was demonstrated, and Thanksgiving eve was 
celebrated by a " Soldiers' Aid Ball," tendered by citi- 
zens for the benefit of the treasury. 

The ever-increasing distance between the supply-base 
and the army, made it advisable to forward in bulk to 
the storehouses of the Sanitary Commission nearer the 
front, and the shipments carried free or at half rates by 
the American, United States and Union Line Express 
Companies, now became too large for this mode of 
conveyance, except upon very urgent occasions. 

Free freights were offered to the Society by the 
Cleveland, Pittsburgh and Wheeling ; Cleveland, Co- 
lumbus and Cincinnati ; Cleveland and Toledo ; and 
Michigan Southern railroads, and were obtained by 
correspondence from the Pennsylvania Central railroad. 

The Baltimore and Ohio railroad company, con- 
stantly sustaining losses of projjerty by the fortunes of 
war, felt unable to do as liberally as other roads, 
but cordially granted half rates. 

The personal efforts of L. M. Hubby, Esq., President 
of the Cleveland and Columbus railroad, and always"^ 
the firm friend of the Society, secured free freights 
from the Little Miami ; Covington and Lexington ; 
Bellefontaine ; Terre Haute, Alton and St. Louis ; 
Illinois Central ; and Louisville and Nashville railroads. 



THE FIKST REPORT. 39 

These fa\^ors were never witlidrawn, although the 
subsequent business of the Society taxed these roads, 
— especially the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincin- 
nati — to an extent almost unparalleled. 

The Western Union Telegraph was the willing and 
unpaid messenger for the almost daily business of the 
Society for more than five years. The columns of the 
City Press were ever freely open to the appeals of the 
Society and the Sanitary Commission, and its voice 
always raised in commendation and encouragement. 

Eight months from date of organization, a detailed 
report of the Cleveland Soldiers' Aid Society was pre- 
sented through Dr. Newberry, to the President of the 
Sanitary Commission, prefaced by the following letter : 

Cleveland, December 1, 1861. 
H. W. Bellows, D. D., 

President IT. 8. Sanitary Commission : 

Dear Sir: — I have tlie honor to present, herewith, 
the Report of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Cleveland, Ohio, which, as 
you are aware, is one of the most efficient auxiliaries of our Commission. 

Through my reports, you have learned, from time to time, something of 
the operations of this Society, but from an intimate acquaintance with the 
growth and workings of its system, and the results it has accomplished, I 
have thought them worthy of more full and public exposition than has yet 
been given ; not only that the value of the services rendered by this Society 
might be more widely known and generally recognized, but that others, 
seeing how simply and how quietly so much good has been done, by those 
enjoying no unusual resources or opportunities, might be stimulated to like 
efforts, with like results. 

A few warm-hearted, patriotic women originated the Society, and, almost 
unaided, have since managed its rapidly extending business with a degree 
of skill and wisdom of which their success is but a just exponent. Seeking 
neither honor nor reward, they have given their time, their energies and 
their thoughts to the work, with a self-devotion, which, while it has taxed 
their strength and periled their health, has cheered, comforted, and saved 
from death, many a suffering soldier in the distant camps of our Western 
and Southern frontiers ; has enlisted the sympathy and active co-operation 
of thousands of the loyal women of Northern Ohio ; and by its direct and 



40 CHANGE OF TITLE. 

reflex influence, lias given a more fervent glow to the patriotism of the 
entire West. In this fallen Avorld of ours, such instances of self-consecration 
are not so common as to be undeserving of record Avhen found. I would 
therefore request that this report, prepared at my suggestion, may he 
printed and circulated as one of the documents of our Commission. 

Very Respectfully, 

J. S. Newberry. 

The tables of tliis rej^ort show total cash receipts of 
seventeen hundred dollars, more than two-thirds of 
which had been invested in material for hospital cloth- 
ino' and beddius:, — over four thousand articles havino' 
been made by the Society. Thirty-eight thousand 
articles and nearly three thousand pounds of hospital 
supplies had been disbursed to nineteen post and 
regimental hospitals, eighteen camps, and five Sani- 
tary supply-stations in Ohio, Western Virginia, Ken- 
tucky and Missouri. 

Contributions had been received from two hundred 
and fortv-three towns, of which one hundred and 
twenty had perfected branch organizations. 

This report was accepted and printed as Document 
No. :^7 of the Sanitary Commission series. 

At a special meeting of the Cleveland Soldiers' Aid 
Societ}', Saturday, November 30th, when the above 
statement was submitted, the following preamble and 
resolutions were unanimously adopted : 

Whereas : The period has arrived at which the " Soldiers' Aid Society," 
of Cleveland, embraces within its limits the whole of Northern Ohio, it is 
deemed an act of generosity, as well as justice, to signify by the name of 
said Society the extent of its organization : Therefore, 

Ecsoleed, That hereafter the Cleveland " Soldiers' Aid Society " be known 
as the " Solbiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio ;" and that all goods 
sent to this Society, before being transmitted to hospital destinations, be 
appropriately marked with the name of the Society, in full. 



r, ...... 41 



THE WINTER S WORK. 

Resolved, That its Auxiliaries be permitted to use the names of their 
respective Branches in their own stamp, before sending goods to the depot 
of the Society at Cleveland. 

The Society faithfully strove to infuse the spirit of 
these resolutions into its every action. The name of 
Cleveland was expunged from the stamp even of those 
articles that were purchased or made at the Cleveland 
Aid Rooms, and everything was henceforth issued as 
an exponent of the benevolence of Northern Ohio. 
This successfully extinguished sectional jealousies, and 
its wisdom was soon apparent in the rapid increase of 
territory and contribution. 

As autumn gave place to Avinter, scissors began to 
snip at great bolts of warm flannel, quilting parties 
assembled, knitting-circles drew around the iire-side, 
and flying fingers fashioned the shapely sock, or 
essayed the intricacies of the one-Angered mitten. 

Companies marching away from country towns were 
surprised by presentations of socks and mittens, re- 
cruits newly arrived in the city w^ere furnished with 
blankets l)y the Aid Society, and scarcely a soldier 
left the rooms w^ithout the sjift of somethinc; that would 
modify the discomforts of camp life. 

A part of the U. S. Marine Hospital, Cleveland, 
opened to the few" discharged soldiers who claimed aid 
at that early dcxy, was almost wholly furnished by the 
Society. The details of this home charity are given in 
the accompanying Special Relief Report. 

The apj^roaching holiday season suggested many 
festivities in aid of this good cause. Dime parties 
were formed, concerts rehearsed, tableaux projected, 
and there was scarcely a Christmas tree but l)ore 
golden fruit for some local treasury. 



42 SYSTEMATIC CONTRIBUTION. 

Hopes of a speedy tenuiuation of the war now faded 
before the gathering storm in Tennessee, and by 
advice from head-quarters a ware-room was engaged, 
and a reserve stock of battle-stores diligently gathered. 
It was evident that months or even vears miirht 
develop yet more urgent duties for the army of home- 
workers, and that si^asmodic charity would in time 
tail to meet the ever-increasino; drafts. 

Circular No. 7, issued January Sth, to Branch Soci- 
eties, set forth ''the positive necessity for a system 
of steady contribution, such as would distress no 
one, yet leave it in the power of all to aid, — a course 
that by ensuring a permanent revenue to each society, 
would enable it to prepare a stated numbei' of hos- 
pital garments each month, so long as the war shall 
last:' 

Blank subscription lists were appended to this 
circular, to be signed by every citizen, old and young, 
pledging a sum not greater than five cents weekly. 

To prove how little was the duration of the war, or 
the extent of their labors, foreseen by those who had 
put their hands to the plow, it is worthy of note that 
these lists pledged the subscriber to payment " until 
May 1st, 18(i2, if the ivar shall last so long!'' 

The suggestions of this circular were adopted b>' 
many societies and carried out till the end of the war, 
with excellent results. 

The shock of arms at Ft)rt Donelson fully proved 
the wisdom of la}'ing up a reserve stock of hospital 
stores, a polic\- that had been deprecated by many, in 
their eagerness to jiush everything forward to the army. 
An extract from the Cleveland Hekald illustrates the 



BATTLE OF FORT DONELSON. 43 

action of tlie Society towards the wounded of that 
terrible battle, and the general direction of its ship- 
ments at that period. 

Extract.— (Feb., 1862.)—" The Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio is 
doing a noble work. In anticipation of the results of bloodshed at Fort 
Donelson, twenty-two boxes containing lint and bandages were despatched 
to Cairo on Monday. In response to a telegram from Dr. Newbeury, 
one thousand sets of clothing, etc., were sent the next day, besides a 
dozen barrels of stores. Since Monday, over one hundred and sixty boxes 
of supplies have been expressed to Cairo for Fort Donelson suflferers. 
Added to these is a large amount of hospital comforts sent to Lebanon, Ky., 
in care of Dr. A. N. Read, Sanitary Inspector ; to the new Brigade Hospital 
at Ashland, Ky. ; and to Cumberland, Md. Paducah has received its share 
as -well as the 9th Indiana Volunteers, at Fetterman, Va., and the 13th 
Indiana Volunteers at Camp North Branch Bridge, Va. The 3rd Ohio 
Cavalry, too, was remembered. The Society is to-day filling an order from 
Bardstown, Ky., and despatching supplies to the 60th Ohio Volunteers at 
Qallipolis, Ohio." 

By these drafts the supplies of the depot were 
exhausted, and the amount in the treasury was reduced 
to a nominal sum. A single call through the city 
papers met a response worthy to be recorded to the 
credit of the citizens of Cleveland to all time. Hos- 
pital stores filled the empty shelves, and money 
unsolicited flowed into the treasury. In addition to 
individual gifts, the contributions of churches, societies, 
clubs, lodges and schools were poured in. The em- 
ployes of foundries, car-shops and boiler-shops gave 
up the great national holiday of February 2 2d, and 
devoted the wages of that day to their suftering 
brothers in hospital. 

In the illumination of the city on the evening of 
February 22d, over this first great \ictory in the 
West, the Society, thus encouraged, gladly took part, 
and its windows shone with transparencies typical of 



44 AN AUTOGKAPH TESTI]\[ONIAL. 

the succor that the people were Liinging to their 
wounded. 

Before the week ended, two hundred and sixty boxes 
had been shipped to Cairo and Louisville, where the 
wounded of this dear-bought triumph were now gath- 
ering. The president of the Society accompanied 
these stores to Louisville, and by the kindness of the 
Louisville Branch Sanitary Commission gained access 
to the crowded hospitals, giving her personal attention 
to the sufferers, and making the acquaintance of several 
loyal women of that city, who were then organizing 
ward committees for visiting and relieving the 
wounded. 

By request of these ladies, an informal meeting was 
held, when the working system of Northern Ohio aid 
societies was fully explained to them. 

The aid of the Cleveland Branch Avas cordially 
oftered, and for many succeeding weeks the cielicacies 
sent from the North found their wav to the Fort 
Donelson W(Uinded, throuij-h the hands of these Louis- 
ville ward committees. 

To provide this special hospital diet, a direct appeal 
was made, April 2d, in Circular No. 8, to the farmers 
of the vicinity. Butter, eggs, cheese, chickens, dried 
apples and pickles were earnestly solicited, and were 
sent in such quantity as to make a sensible improve- 
ment in Louisville hospitals. 

Though many were the appreciative messages 
returned to the zealous workers of the Society, none 
so stirred their hearts as an autograph testimonial of 
two hundred and ninety-two of the Fort Donelson 
wounded, who, in Hospital No. 5, Louisville, had 



A TRIP TO THE FRONT. 45 

received the gifts of the Soldiers' Aid Society of 

Northern Ohio. 

This direct communication with hospitals where 
hundreds, dear to Northern hearts, were lying 
desperately wounded, gave to many their first vivid 
picture of the sufferings of the battle-field, and deep- 
ened their interest in all measures for relief 

At the Aid Kooms, voices sank low as surgeon s 
supplies were discussed, the fleecy lint was tenderly 
handled, the soft linen almost reverently folded, 
and little groups from the country watched with 
new and tearful interest the mysteries of bandage 
rolling. 

None of the corps of Aid Room workers at that 
day will ever forget the passionate burst of tears that 
greeted the old father who came feebly in to ask for 
a pair of crutches for his forever-crippled son, one of 
the first to make the painful journey back to his 
Ohio home. 

By the fall of Fort Donelson, Nashville was opened 
to the North, and here the Sanitary Commission early 
sought to enter. 

April 1st, the secretary of the Cleveland Society 
accompanied Dr. Newberry and Dr. Read to Nash- 
ville, to see some results of Sanitary work at the front, 
and to aid in establishing a supply depot in that city, 
now an important base of Sanitary operation. 

The followino; extract is from a letter written durins; 
that visit to the South-west : 



46 SATflTARY DEPOT, NASHVILLE. 

St. Cloud Hotel, Nashville, Tennessee, / 
April 4th, 1862. f 

" Dear Mks. Rouse and Ladies of ' 95 Bank Street,' 

What do you think of my coming down here and opening a store ? an 
opposition establishment ? and doing a brisk business, too I 

Yet so it is, and could you look into our new Sanitary depot here, it would 
seem to you like nothing in the world so much as our dear 95 Bank street 
translated into Dixie. For here are our boxes and shelves and labels, all 
after the fashion of that thriving institution, and closer view reveals a 
certain familiar stamp (S. A. S., Northern Ohio,) upon various articles of 
clothing and bedding that are already piled upon the shelves, while many 
a can of dainties or bottle of domestic wine bears on its label the name of 
some Northern Ohio matron. 

This depot of the Sanitary Commission, just opened, is well located in the 
central part of the city, and already three hundred boxes have arrived from 
the North. The stores that we shipped by express the day I left home have 
come on from Louisville, and we have been busily at work unpacking and 
arranging the supplies. It seemed like old times to be handling hospital 
stores, and it did my soul good when, after a hard day's work, we could look 
at the well filled shelves and think how near our goods now are to the 
place where they are so much needed. 

The store is arranged very much like our own, and we have been busy 
again this morning, writing labels and unpacking more boxes. 

A pale and feeble soldier has just been in to ask for a towel. He was 
a Michigan man, just discharged from hospital, and waiting for his pay in 
order to go home. I had the pleasure of giving him some towels, a hand- 
kerchief, a handful of soft crackers and a bottle of currant wine, made by 
some good Ohio housekeeper. 

You can scarcely imagine what importance our work assumes at this 
point. To see a surgeon come in and draw a stock of clothing and bedding 
and to visit his hospital next day and notice those very articles covering and 
comforting the sick, is to find cause and effect in truly gratifying 
proximity. 

These stores tell a wonderful tale of the great benevolent heart of the 
North, and of the union in good works that pervades our land. The women 
of New England have sent their offerings, Cincinnati has done gener- 
ously, the Louisville ladies have added their share, and our own Society 
is liberally represented. 

The surgeons are coming in almost hourly to make requisitions, and 
under the careful eye of Dr. Read the wants of each hospital are being 
relieved." 

While thus engaged at Nashville, there came the 
news of the battle of Pittsburg Landing, and the party 



BATTLE OF PITTSBURG LANDING. -1:7 

at once went by government transport down the 
Cumberland and up the Tennessee, carrying with them 
hospital supplies, and meeting at Paducah and 
merging into the wave of practical sympathy now fully 
in motion towards the scene of sufFerinfj;. To meet 
the necessities of that terrible conflict, the (_[uick 
impulses of a generous people promptly devised a 
noble plan of succor. Scarcely had the vague rumors 
of the long expected battle deepened into certainty, 
when the floating palaces that in happier days glided 
over our western rivers, obedient to the interests of 
commerce or the calls of pleasure, now freighted with 
stores of comfort and thronged with symjiathizing 
hearts, became the swift-winged messengers of mercy 
to the victims of the deadly struggle. The various 
branches of the Sanitary Commission and the authori- 
ties of difl:*erent States vied with each other in this 
benevolent work, and the women of the North poured 
out the abundant fruit of their patriotism, richly 
rewarded by the tribute of gratitude sent up from the 
pale and trembling lips of hundreds thus rescued from 
distant and lonely graves. 

The withdrawal of the Union forces from the posts 
so long occupied in Kentucky, and their concentration 
upon the head waters of the Tennessee, had been 
watched with breathless anxiety. The general position 
of the opposing forces was known, and the battle of 
Pittsburg Landing had been long expected, yet the 
final announcement of the victory and its terrible 
price, kindled an excitement that no previous event of 
the war had called forth in the West. 

Had a shell from the rebel batteries burst upon 



48 THE EXCITE.ArENT IIST CLEVELAND. 

every hearth-stone, the consternation and dismay 
throughout Northern Ohio could scarcely have been 
greater. Nearly every regiment of the Western Re- 
serve had been engaged, — our own dead covered the 
fatal field, our own dear wounded were languishing 
in that distant and desolated region. Over every 
household hung the pall of a great bereavement, or 
the scarcely less dense cloud of a heart-breaking sus- 
pense. 

The record of these exciting days in Cleveland, is 
best given in a letter from the treasurer of the Aid 
Society to the absent secretary. 

"Cleveland Aid Rooms, 95 Bank Street, } 
April 20th, 18G2. ) 

" On the first news of the battle, a meeting of the citizens of Cleveland 
was at once called, and a committee appointed to go the same night to 
Pittsburg Landing with such supplies as could be collected in the meantime. 

The Soldiers' Aid Society Rooms seemed the natural point where the tide 
of excitement culminated, and from morning till night the doors were thrown 
open, and like a great wave, the throng of peojile ebbed and flowed — coming 
and going — to bring their contributions — to learn the latest intelligence — 
or to offer their services in preparing the shii)ment to be made before night. 
When we entered the Aid Rooms that morning, the whole space was filled 
with a sea of people, carrying boxes, baskets, parcels, pails and jars. The 
street in front was crowded with drays loaded with heavier packages, con- 
taining clothing, beddiag, dressings, wine and fruit — the best Avhich every 
house aff"orded. 

Long hoarded treasures of fine linen spun by grandmothers, and relics of 
revolutionary times, which had been reserved in all previous emergencies, 
now came to light and were freely offered. All our efiorts were in vain to 
weigh or register these gifts with any accuracy. One courageous disi^iple 
of order stood at the high desk, with day-book and pen, and an avenue was 
opened to the scales, but the attempt signally failed. The tide of uni'egu- 
lated benevolence swept over and obliterated this feeble resistance. While 
one package of old linen was being recorded, twenty more valuable gifts 
were set quietly down by their owners, who went away in full assurance 
that the same would be discovered, recognized and credited in the weekly 
acknowledgments. A failure to do this was in course of time duly reported 
at the Aid Rooms. All our ordinary corps of workers were at their posts. 



HOSPITAL TRANSPORT WORK. 4V) 

and scores of others, who were consigned to that sinking fund of patriotic 
fervor, the rag-box, and these rolled handagi^s, folded coniprt^sses, packed 
the stores of all kinds, working steadily far into the evening. Then there 
were others — a great number — who had a deeper interest in the lists of 
dead and wounded that came in m slowly. Men, women and children 
waited hours for later despatches, and many a brave woman whos(^ happi- 
ness was at stake, worked all day with colorless face but undaunted courage, 
1)re])aring comforts which might save some soldier, if her own were beyond 
aid. Here, a little girl who had stood with eyes filled with tears, listening 
to the confused conversation, asked anxiously if ' Charley was killed,' and 
there, an old man, in faded and worn clothing, begged pardon of the ladies 
for crying, while he asked after his boy James — his youngest son, and the 
only one left — who was in the battle, and who must have been killed, for 
' lie was always a good one to write.' Of course, for a day or two nothing 
could be heard from James, Charley, or thousands of others, but a week or 
two later the old father came one morning, radiant with happiness, and 
accompanied by James — his arm in a sling, but delighted in the possession 
of a thirty days' furlough. The ' Missus' sent by them a jar of pickles to 
the soldiers, as a thank offering. 

The citizens' committee was to leave on the 10 i". M. train, and by night- 
fall a re-enforcement of gentlemen came to help nail, pack and despatch the 
one hundred boxes that were promptly ready at that hour." 

A self-constituted committee of the friends of the 
Aid Society collected in one day and a half more than 
three thousand dollars, which was devoted to the 
purchase of matei'ial, and later to the expenses of 
hospital transports. Day after day the stream of gifts 
flowed in, soon swollen by a generous tide from the 
countrv societies, and continuinsj: for weeks unabated. 
The inij)etns thus gained carried the Society through 
many prosperous months. 

The car-load (^f stores sent down the first day in 
care of the Cleveland citizens' committee, was imme- 
diately followed by an equally large shi2:>ment to the 
Magnolia, a steamer fitted out by the (^hio State 
authorities, and in charge of the Surgeon (.leneral of 
the State. 



50 THE STEAMER LANCASTER. 

From the retrospect of tliose dark days, it is 
pleasant to single out one bright memory. When 
the Magnolia lay by the crowded river-side at Pittsburg 
Landing, taking in her precious freight of suffering 
humanity, the secretary of the Cleveland Aid Society, 
passing down the long cabin between rows of freshly 
spread cots, saw on each sheet and pillow and bed 
garment, the well-known stamp of Northern Ohio 
benevolence. 

The Glendale and the Tycoon, despatched soon after 
by the Governor on the same errand of mercy, were 
also generously supplied, and consignments were made 
to agents of the Sanitary Commission in Cincinnati, for 
transfer to hospital steamers. The " Lancaster No. 4,' 
held in charter by the Sanitary Commission, and run- 
ning between Cincinnati and Pittsburg Landing, was 
at once " adopted " by the Cleveland Society, and one 
thousand dollars were voted from the treasury to aid 
in her outfit of cots, table and bed furniture, lemons, 
ice, fresh vegetables, etc., purchased by Dr. Newberry 
in Cincinnati. The Society was further represented 
by Mrs. B. O. Wilcox and Mrs. Stanley Noble, of the 
Painesville Branch, who accompanied the Lancaster, 
giving valuable assistance to the oflicials, in their care 
of the sick and wounded. The Lancaster was em- 
ployed throughout the summer by the Sanitary 
Commission as a floating depot, supply steamer and 
hospital ; plying between the army on the Tennessee 
and the Mississi23pi, and the hospitals and markets on 
the Ohio ; carrying down a full cargo of stores for 
distribution, and bringing back the sick and wounded 
to Northern hospitals, or on furlough to their homes. 



THE DEPOT HOSPITAL. 51 

For these feeble travelers a resting place was opened 
by tlie Society, April I7tli, 1862, in tlie Cleveland 
Union Depot. To tliis, on tlie arrival of each train, 
the soldier was directed by a faithful nurse, and here 
he found a comfortable bed and good cheer, and was 
furnished with transportation, if necessary. The 
establishment of this Depot Hospital is detailed in 
the accompanying Special E-elief Keport. 

The Cleveland Society stood pledged to add to the 
cargo of the Lancaster, upon her touching at Cincin- 
nati. Due notice of her approach was telegraphed 
from Paducah, and this was made the basis of an 
appeal to the ever-willing auxiliaries. Every Branch 
Society redoubled its zeal, and at the Aid Rooms in 
Cleveland the busy preparation for " steamer-day " 
emulated the bustling activity of a foreign shi23ping 
house. 

The president and several members of the Society 
accompanied Dr. Newberry to Pittsburg Landing, 
upon the second trip of the Lancaster. 

From a letter of one of these ladies the follo^ving 
extracts are made : 

"JuNE20tli, 1863. 

" Dear Ladies of the Aid Society, Cleveland : 

The evening' of June 5tli, 1863, saw us on board the Lancaster No. 
4, bound for Pittsbur<r Landing. Our party comprised six physicians — 
Dr. Newberry with his coadjutor. Dr. Prentice, at their head, a 
clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Church, six male nurses, and 
five ladies who claimed the privilege of acting in any capacity the 
necessities of the siclv might demand, either as nurses or cooks, willing 
that the yellow Hag should cover the broad ground of woman's sphere 
wherever a Christian humanity should direct it. 

Our boat was richly freighted with hospital stores to be dispensed as the 
exigencies of the boat or hospitals might demand. We embarked with the 
pleasant appliances of a pleasure excursion — agreeable officers, well fur- 



52 TO PITTSBURG LANDING. 

nished saloon and state rooms ; and in genial society and the surroundings 
of beautiful scenery, we drank in vigor and courage for the accomplisliment 
of our mission, which was to bring home such sick and wounded as could 
with safety be removed from the Tennessee hospitals. We were to take 
men irrespective of the State to which they belonged, and gather under the 
folds of the United States flag all Avho had in common fought for the honor 
of that flag, for surely all such were brothers. * * * 

On the morning of June 10th we arrived at Pittsburg Landing. Such a 
busy scene as there presented itself I * * « * 

As it was determined that Ave were to shi}) our sick from Hamburg, six 
miles south of the landing, we proceeded there the following day, and then 
commenced our earnest work. The saloon of the Lancaster was stripped of 
its carpets, lounges, etc., floors thoroughly washed, and a triple row of cots 
ranged lengthwise through the saloon. Every available space on the 
guards and lower deck was occupied by cots, and all hands put in requisition 
to prepare for the reception of the invalid soldiers. Blessings on the Aid 
Societies were invoked when the stores of sheets and comfortable quilts 
were brought from their hiding place, and the cots made, one after another, 
by their cleanliness and comfort, as inviting as those of a fine hotel. Bless- 
ings, too, for the liberal supply of pillows for the aching heads that had 
slept for so many weary weeks on the knapsack. Our preparations com- 
pleted, we waited until the morning of Friday, the 12th inst.. for our 
precious freight. 

On the morning of that day our patients — two hundred and 
twenty-five in number — appeared on the hill above our landing, 
brought thither from a hospital in that vicinity. We watched with intense 
interest their progress to the boat. Of the whole number, not one descend- 
ed the hill with the step of health. Bent and broken, either by the scourge 
of fever or wounds, some on litters, some in half military dress, with the 
loose sleeve proclaiming a terrible wound, others in dressing-gowns, sitting 
down, as exhausted nature required, after a few steps. We at last mustered 
our forces. The boat was divided into wards, each physician taking one as 
his special care — the six nurses acting for all. After the men fell into their 
comfortable quarters, the operation of bathing and dressing began. Soiled 
clothing was removed, and your generous store of shirts and drawers furnish- 
ed each poor fellow with comforts which spoke in their happy faces of a moral 
elevation, since cleanliness is akin to godliness. Now all these sheets, 
shirts, drawers, etc., bore the unmistakable mark of the Northern Ohio Aid 
Society, and prompted the question, what would become of these sick men 
if there was no such organization ? Again, when the nice supper appeared 
with its modicum to each man of sweet bread, butter and fruit, with tea or 
coffee, as his taste directed, the same question was mentally propounded, 
and gratefully we acknowledged the benevolence that had filled up the 
awful hiatus between the necessities of our sick and wounded brothers and 



ON BOARD THE LANCASTER. 53 

the supplies which the best Grovernment can aftbrd. There was untold 
satisfaction, too, in the ocular demonstration this trip afforded, that the 
Sanitary Commission, with its authorized agents, goes to the spot and 
directly applies its aid. There is no doubt tormenting the mind of the des- 
tination of stores thus entrusted, for they are met in the very face of the 
demand. It is not a box carefully marked by loving hands and entrusted to 
steamboats and railways, but stores made available by the donors themselves, 
through their own ajipointed agents, where the failure to meet their desti- 
nation is the exception, never the rule. 

Our kind clergyman, with his words of comfort, contributed materially to 
the good we were dispensing. Three of our party were returning with 
heavy hearts, having gone in quest of relatives whom they found " sleeping 
the sleep that knows no waking." To these bruised spirits all administered. 
One of the mourners — an octogenarian — was bearing to his home on the 
banks of the Ohio the tidings of his son's death, but nothing daunted in his 
patriotism by his calamity, he was willing to try his own hand in the fight 
for his country's honor, if a call should be made for the grey haii'ed, when 
the younger men were exhausted. 

On Sunday two services were held by the Rev. Dr. Stakkey, one in the 
cabin for the convalescents, and a second one in the evening, in the open 
air, on the bow of the steamer, to an audience most of whom were unable 
to rise from their cots. It was a lovely summer night which witnessed this 
solemn service to men prostrated by disease, on the lonely waters of the 
Tennessee, and hard must have been the heart that did not respond to the 
fervent petitions of that hour. 

Surely, the Lancaster on her homeward way, was an angel of mercy, dis- 
pensing to hospitals at Savannah, Monterey and Hamburg, of the good 
things with which she was freighted — giving, without stint, of fruits, 
•wines and clothing, gladdening the hearts of those, who, far from home 
and the sympathy which surrounds it, recognize in the stamp of yours and 
kindred societies, the tender and loving ministrations of woman and the 
bright chain of living and practical benevolence which unites them with 
home and all its endearing associations. "" * * * * 

Very truly. Yours, J. 

The interest of this journey was heightened by the 
confidence gained in the ability and faithfulness of the 
agents of the Sanitary Commission. The results of 
these observations were given to the Branch Societies 
in a letter from the president, issued July 15th, as 
Circular No. 9. For further evidence of the usefulness 
of hospital steamers, and interesting details of their 



54 GENERAL SHIPMENTS. 

manngemeiit, the reader is referred to a document of the 
Sanitary Commission series, entitled " Brief Reports," 
written ])y Dr. J. S. Newbekry, under whose charge 
the trip of the Lancaster was made. 

Thougli hospital transport work was a S23ecialty 
through this summer, the books of the Society show 
that shipments had heen made to over one hundred 
geographical })oints in ^'irginia, Ohio, Kentucky 
and Tennessee, and that the hospitals of Kansas had 
been added to the list of beneficiaries. 

The destitution in Kansas hospitals was first 
brought to notice in March, 1862, by the report of J. 
K. Brown, Esq., who ^vas then traveling through that 
State, by autliority of the Sanitary Commission, to 
learn what lios])ital stores not provided by Govern- 
ment could he supplied by benevolence. Guided by 
the advice and information of Mr. Brown, the Society 
despatched stores to Post Hospital, Kansas City. This 
was its first shipment to that department, with excep- 
tion of a few boxes that had answered special calls 
from Northern Ohio regiments on duty there. Mr. 
Brown brought back from these regiments a hearty 
and cheering acknowledgment of the gifts that they 
had received. His report included an account of the 
destitution aniono; refu2:ee Indians in Kansas, and 
this was relieved to some extent by boxes of half-^^'orn 
clothino; and beddins;, collected from households in 
and near Cleveland. 

The claims of Kansas hospitals were henceforth 
readily acknowledged by the Cleveland Branch, and 
in the later establishment of a Sanitary Commission 



B <- 



SANITARY AGENCY, LEAVENWORTH. 00 

supply depot at Leavenwortli, the repeated drafts of 
Mr. Brown upon tlie Cleveland storehouse were 
answered with a j)i'omptness intended to show the 
eoniidence felt in this very faithful Sanitary agent and 
truly excellent man. 



CHAPTER III. 

From a pamphlet i"e])ort of the Society, jniblished 
July 1st, 1802, it appears that total cash receipts to 
that date were nearly seventv-six hundred dollars. 
Two-thirds of this sum had been expended in furnish- 
ing hospital steamers and in purchase of materials 
from which eleven thousand articles of clothino; and 
bedding had been made by the central society. Ninety 
six thousand articles and one hundred and twenty-one 
thousand pounds of hospital comforts had been- 
received at the Cleveland Aid Rooms, — the contril)u- 
tion of Northern Ohio. 

Three hundred and twenty-one organized societies 
had been entered as corresponding and supply 
Branches of the Cleveland Sanitary Commission. 
The most cordial relations existed bet^veen these 
associations and the central organization. Many of 
these Branches possessed the elements of self-susten- 
ance, but to maintain the life and vigor of others, 
much fostering care was required. It was a constant 
study to promote the interests of the tributaries, and 
such effort invariably brought rich reward. 

Through the first six or eight months of its existence, 
the Cleveland Aid Society had a hard struggle for 
life. So much desultory work was done by the people 

SB 



„,' , i ''^^^ 






.strict (ributarytothe Cleveland Branch,--:",^ / 
Sanitary Commission, in Shade. /,- ml^ 



mti 



'ion<i?'3. 






V' 



.^^' 



S.^oTeliuid 



.^^-■■' 



\ 



•■" '15 



I, 



•fCT^ 



"<•> 



7,V/.«r?^i©^^ 



,f pliuiibi I 
WIIJ.IA.MS 



' Otlpkne, 






;l^^trfoNT__,^ 



"r/ burg 



1 KviUlsi'ur 
(J>KFI .VX<*1 



SBY 



( l.-lh 



k -VlJ 1 






V; X 



■fli' ;li/ t K 



^t 



^.i^v 



Iriiai-loe ^ 



■Mi 



'■y^ 



j illeili iiu 






•u# 



L'pp« 



k a u L-v 



'duitv tT^ ^Y' 






I 'J 






IKe'iito 



-.JT) M.VKJ.I 



!^'l" 



1 ICdf 



s'itpa 



fMOQli 



I G A-?r_ 



i .,\V^^.•> 



JEV'BV Belief 4'?i'^"r'' 



I>KI.V\^^•.VRE I 



lAllBIso^•| 



'A 



l-illv" 



i)el«^^•>^ile I'ticaX 



.-l^ijnburv. 



'/JWHEELIXC 



,rvbai 



1 



Gveouvillo 






O lie » A .If 



Si";^_£ 



SLLf*-' 



.v^ 



-??T^>-»i'5i'^'' 



1 -SOBl-K 



W'ood'fl" 

- 1 



-4' 






':Ri;^ I' kL 



"\ 



V .'11' li' '"^ 



H. 



H' 



V; 1 



-1 



iitiu l.v A V.ilUlKlai- ClfTel.lua, O 



GEOaRAPTIirAL LIMITS. 57 

directly to their friends in the army, tliat it was only 
by much persistence that Sanitary labors were 
centralized. The Society does not profess to have 
eno-rossed all the relief work of its district, — it only 
claims to have gathered it into form, given it direction, 
and made it more effective. 

The people of Northern Ohio were constantly 
showing their interest in the soldiers by sending boxes 
to individuals in the army, Christmas and Thanks- 
giving gifts to friends in camp, — presenting socks and 
mittens to regiments on marching away, — despatching 
messengers with boxes of home dainties down to " the 
front." (See T. Samuel, 17th Chap., 17th and 18th 
verses.) 

This outside work is entered upon no record of 
Sanitary effort, but it is certain that the aid societies 
were the " head centers '^ of all communication between 
the home and the army, and that by their being kept 
in vigorous condition an impetus was given to all such 
work, whether done strictly within their limits or not. 

The territory from which supplies were drawn was 
extremely limited, not exceeding eighteen counties in 
the north-eastern part of Ohio. A few towns in 
southern Michigan, western New York and north- 
western Pennsylvania were tributary to Cleveland 
during the first years of the war, but later these were 
naturally withdrawn to the agencies established at 
Detroit, Buffalo and Pittsburgh. Meadville, Pa., was 
the only considerable town outside of the State of 
Ohio in which a Branch of the Cleveland Sanitary 
Commission was maintained to the end of the war. 

The north-western part of Ohio, having direct rail- 



58 CULTIVATING THE FIELD. 

road commimication with Cincinnati, sent its hospital 
contributions generally to that supply center. 

Columbus had its own agency, which drew its 
support from the central part of the State. 

The geographical position of Cleveland limited the 
territory of its Aid Society, since it could not be 
expected that towns in the central or southern part 
of the State would send stores northward, knowing 
they would l)e at once re-shipped to the south, over 
the same line of transportation. 

This small field was carefully cultivated, and in it a 
constituency was built up, of branch societies num- 
bering at the close of the war five hundred and 
twenty-five. 

There was scarcely a town, village or hamlet in this 
district that had not its "Aid Society " or " Soldiers' 
Relief Association." Even the children were inspired 
by zeal unto good works to organize in school-house 
and play-room their " Busy Bee," " Wide Awake" or 
" X. Y. Z." societies. 

It is believed that no other arm of the United 
States Sanitary Commission had so intimate com- 
munication with its tributaries, or drew from so small 
a district greater results. 

The officers of each local organization were noted 
on the books at the Cleveland Aid Rooms with 
accurate post-office address. At stated intervals, blanks 
were issued to each Branch, to be filled and returned, 
showing what changes of officers had taken place, by 
election or otherwise. The secretary's books were cor- 
rected to agree with these reports. Personal letters 
were addressed at least once a month to the secretary 



RELATIONS WITH BRANCH SOCIETIES. 59 

of each society, besides tlie receipts and letters that 
were always sent in acknowledgment of boxes, and the 
frequent answers to inquiries concerning work, and 
many other matters of business that were constantly 
referred by the local societies to the central rooms. 

No attempt was made to divert contrilmtions out of 
the direct channel towards the army. Towns were 
always advised to send to the Sanitary agency nearest 
the point of demand. 

The relation of the Branches to the Cleveland 
Society was purely one of self-interest, and could be 
broken at any moment if they so desired. No pledge 
of union w^as exacted from them, nor was there an}" 
attempt to say what proportion of their goods should 
be forwarded through this agency. 

With the Cleveland Society rested the duty of 
])iiidiug the Branches to itself by making it clearly tor 
their interest to continue the relation. It had also the 
l)urden and responsibility of establishing and conduct- 
ing arrangements with transportation agencies and the 
general Commission, whereby goods could be safely 
conveyed and wisely distributed. The Branches had 
only to prepare their shipments and despatch them to 
Cleveland. Once arrived there, their responsibility 
might be considered at an end. 

The aid societies of Northern Ohio w^ere a power 
for loyalty. The hands of Union men at home were 
as surely held up by this little band of workers in 
every tow^i and village, as were the hearts of the 
soldiers in the field cheered by the knowledge that 
friends at home were busy for their comfort. The 
Union element in a town was sure to crystallize aroinid 



60 DUTIES OF THE OFFICERS. 

its Aid Society. The " Union'' or " Peace " proclivities 
of a man were clearly indicated by his good-will and 
generosity towards "the Sanitary," or his open or 
covert attacks npon it. 

The work undertaken for sw^eet charit}' onl}', soon 
became an exponent of political sentiment. This ^vas 
sharply brought out in the latter years of the war, 
and union conventions and loyal leagues recognized 
the value of the aid societies l)y making frequent con- 
tributions to their sup])ort. 

The Cleveland Aid Rooms in these days presented 
a busy scene indeed. The Tjusiness of influencing, 
receiving and disbursing money and stores, and the 
practical details of purchasing, invoicing and shipping- 
were managed by the officers, there being no finance, 
advisory or auditing board of gentlemen, as was 
usual elsewhere in similar institutions. 

Throughout the entire existence of the Society, its 
officers were happily able to give their whole time to 
a work in which they were interested heart and soul. 
No salary was ever asked or received by any one of 
them, and not one cent was ever drawn from the 
treasury for their traveling or other expenses, even 
when they were absent on the necessary business of 
the Society. 

The officers were effectively aided by volunteer 
committees, ajjj^ointed at each business meeting for 
the ensuing month. Besides those whose names have 
been given on page 24, as forming the committees at 
the organization of the Society, the following ladies 
should have honoral)le mention : 



AID EOOM COMMITTEES. 61 

Mr^. Dr. Merritt, Mrs. E. C. Yates, Mrs. J. M. 
Richards, Mrs. S. W. Crittenden, Mrs. Lauderdale, 
Mrs. Henry Newberry, Mrs. E. F. Gaylord, Mrs. 
James Barnett, Miss Annette Barnett, Mrs. Albert 
M. Harmon, Mrs. C. D. Brayton, Mrs. Lepper, Mrs. 
E. S. Iso3i, Mrs. S. A. Jewett, Mrs. Charles Wheeler, 
Mrs. Thomas Burnham, Mrs. L. Alcott, Mrs. H. B. 
Hurlburt, Mrs. Beverlin, Mrs. G. A. Hyde, Mrs. A. 
Fuller, Mrs. H. H. Little, Mrs. L T. Stevens, Mrs. 
L. Burton, Mrs. O. B. Skinner, Mrs. Dr. Hopkins, 
Mrs. Stanley Noble, Mrs. Dr. Thayer, Mrs. Edwin 
Thayer, Mrs. Geo. B. Ely, Miss Belle Carter, Miss 
Lily Walton. 

Many ladies of these committees continued month 
after month in the discharge of their self-imposed 
duties, greatly overtaxing their strength by a degree 
of manual labor that woman is seldom called to 
perfomi. 

The unpacking, assorting and repacking of goods 
I'ecpiired many busy hands, besides those that were 
engaged in cutting, giving out and receiving l)ack 
the garments made from material fui'iiished. 

There was also the stamping of each article with the 
name of the Society and of the Sanitary Commission, 
adopted as a precaution against fraudulent appropria- 
tion, and as a proof to the soldier that such articles 
Avere not furnished by Government, and could neither 
l)e sold to him nor their price held back from his 

pay. 

Many articles of bedding received at the Aid Rooms 

had been drawn from household stores, and still bore 
the (piaint sampler-stitch initial or written name of 
the donor. 



62 MARKED ARTICLES. 

"Album quilts" were a favorite conceit of sewing 
circles, where eacli lady would contribute a patchwork 
square made from scraps of her own dresses, writing 
upon it her name and a patriotic sentiment or 
cheering couplet. 

Instances were not fe^v when the soldier in far-oiF 
hospital w\as cheered by sight of some such familiar 
sign on sheet or counterpane, or gladly rested his 
weary head upon a pillow that bore a dear and ^vell- 
known name. 

Socks went to the soldiers ^vith such good ^vishes as 
the followino;: 

" Brave sentry, on your lonely beat. 

May these blue stockings warm your feet. 
And when from wars and camps you part, 
May some fair knitter warm your heart." 

A bit of paper bearing a few Avords of kindness and 
sympathy was often found ])iiined into the sleeve of 
a new garment, which thus became doubly the mes- 
senger of good- will from home to hospital. 

Who can estimate the value of such a o-ift to one 
who, for months separated from friends and bearing a 
soldier's burdens in a distant I'eo-ion, is thus made to 
feel that iijentle hands still hold the leno-thenino; chain 
that binds him to his home ! 

The unpacking committee often found in a l>ox 
from the country a garment liaviiig the Aid Room 
stamp, that had been worn home from liospital l)y a 
soldier and was now returned to do a second niissir»n 
of comfort. 

There were other s-ifts that were more tenderh' 
handled, with such labels as these : 



CANNED FRUIT AND JELLIES. 63 

"A pillow and sheet on which my wounded son was brought home from 
Cross Lanes." 

" Three pairs of socks, sent home in the knapsack of a dear brother who 
fell at Antietam." 

Tlie duties of the Aid Room committees did not 
end with a general attention to the stock. There was 
also special care to be given to a class of stores that, 
through too hasty preparation or packing, often came 
to the Aid Rooms in a state unfit for direct forwarding. 
Corks were to be secured, labels adjusted, lids 
cemented, leaks detected and their damages repaired. 

What genius of mischief first proposed canned fruit 
as an article of sick diet, or why army surgeons and 
hospital nurses should be supposed to subsist exclu- 
sively upon that luxury, are mysteries beyond solution 
in this volume. Certain it is, that no other supplies 
gave so much trouble in preparation, were so ill fitted 
to bear transportation and change of temperature, or 
Avere so damaging to the honest name of surgeon, 
nurse, and Sanitary Commission. 

A great discouragement was the constant cry that 
" the soldiers don't get the things," and " the surgeons 
and nurses eat up everything." " Everything " was 
invariably acknoAvledged to mean the canned fruit 
and jellies, yet it was in vain to advise against 
sending these, or to set forth that other stores could 
be j)repared at less cost, were more safely forwarded, 
and offered less temptation to dishonest fingers. 

It was not in the hearts of Northern Ohio women 
to withhold from the soldiers any luxury that they 
themselves enjoyed. To the very last, canned fruit 
crowded Aid Room shelves and perplexed Aid Room 
committees. 



64 STOREKEEPING PERPLEXITIES. 

It was hard for the thrifty matron, in her well-or- 
dered home, to remember the difference between an 
army surgeon's menage and her own careful house- 
keeping. Sometimes a jar of pickles would come to 
the Aid Rooms labeled with directions to the surgeon 
of the hospital to "pour off the brine, throw on 
scalding vinegar, and keep them in a cool place,"" — or 
a, little package of roots and herbs, with a careful 
recipe for steeping them in certain proportions, to 
make " a very good cough mixture," or " a ^vash for 
sore mouth.'' 

It was hard, too, to comprehend the wreck and ruin 
of war, to admit that amons* its attendant evils 
wastefulness is conspicuous and inevitable, and that 
in this waste — with the l)est that can be done to pre- 
vent it — the supplies of benevolent associations, as 
well as the furnishings of Government, must share. 

There arose in Aid Room storekeej^ing three sea- 
sons of special perplexity, that, however, well illus- 
trate the promptness and enthusiasm of Northern 
(3hio benevolence. 

In an unlucky hour, some patriotic soul, with moi'e 
zeal than knowledge, proposed bottled currant-juice 
— without sugar — lis the aj^propriate "offering of a 
grateful people to their suffering defenders." This 
hint, going the rounds of the countr>' press, was 
eagerly caught up and instantl}' acted upon. Box 
after box was unloaded at the Aid Rooms, tilled with 
bottles of this bright translucent licpiid. Torpedoes 
from Pixie could scarcely have produced greater con- 
sternation. Its short history was one of uneas}- 
buT)1>le, internal ferment and outbursting rebellion. 



CURRANT-JUIOE AND TOAST. 65 

Corks flew, glass shivered, and committee-women 
l:)roke ranks and fled in dismay l^efore the enfilading 
fire of tliis novel battery. Certain sanguineous stains 
on the floor and mysterious tracery on walls and ceil- 
ing were long tlie significant reminders of this "cur- 
rant-juice cannonade." 

Again, there crept into the newspapers a sugges- 
tion that slices of dry toast should be packed into 
barrels and sent to hospitals. Before experience could 
report upon the value of this advice, dray loads of 
l)arreled toast had been deposited at the Aid Koom 
door. If the bread had been carefully toasted and 
made perfectly dry, the rough handling of the barrel 
by railroad porters or the jolting over country roads 
reduced the slices to minute crumbs; but if, as was 
most likely, it had been hastily packed, only half dry, 
the whole became a sour and mouldy mass, only fit 
to be cast out Avherever dumping ground could be 
found for it. The Aid Room committees from be- 
neath a mountain of mouldering crusts sent forth 
their reiterated outcry against this waste. Even 
letters and printed protests were slow in convincing 
the zealous workers that their labor was worse than 
vain. Week after week the process of toasting bread 
went on as though the fires of Northern Ohio patri- 
otism had been kindled solely for that purj^ose. 

But these annoyances were as nothing to the trials 
of the "concentrated chicken era," in the spring of 
18(32. This was specially vexatious because the 
advice which proved so unlucky had been sent out 
from the Aid Rooms. 

From the East there had come a recipe, strongly 



66 CONCENTRATED CHICKEN. 

endorsed, for stewing down chicken, condensing the 
broth and sealing the whole in tin cans. This recipe 
was circulated by the Aid Society among its tributa- 
ries, who were enjoined to enter at once upon the 
preparation of "this invaluable article of hospital 
diet." 

The aid societies threw themselves into this work 
in their own generous way. Chicken had been pre-^ 
scribed for their soldier boys, — chicken they should 
have ! Poultry-yard and chicken-coop yielded up the 
victims of this new decree. The " murder of the inno- 
cents " went on with unsparing hand. " Bees " assem- 
bled in every kitchen, the steaming kettle sent up a 
savory odor from every fireside. 

The first shipments reached the Cleveland Aid 
Rooms in apparent good order, and were immediately 
and with great satisfaction forwarded to hospitals. 
A few boxes are known to have borne transportation 
well and to have been a welcome treat to the sick 
soldiers. But either the process was defective, the 
haste in packing too great, or it may have been that 
the zeal infused into the preparation induced fermen- 
tation in the cans ! Soon, " bouquet de concentrated 
chicken" began to pervade the atmosphere of Aid 
E-ooms and to exhale in overpowering efiluvia from 
every box that came in. An ominous " chipper " and 
bubble arose among the cans on the shelf, followed 
by a gaseous explosion, — after which, decidedly 
stronger "bouquet." 

Words cannot do justice to this new perfume, — 
memory once saturated with it can never be purged 
of the experience ! 



OFFICE DUTIES. 67 

Committee-women, sick and faint, longed for retire- 
ment and a camplior-bottle. Some, more resolute, witli 
colo2:ue-drenclied liandkerchief and face averted, ven- 
tured to open and explore tlie boxes, dragging out 
the contents thorouglily imj^regnated with the nause- 
ous odor or soaked and ruined by the bursting of a 
single can. Business meetings were conducted with 
great gravity, each member holding a saucer of disin- 
fectants under her devoted nose. 

Surgeons politely acknowledged to the x\id Soci- 
ety the receipt of a box, "presumed by the odor, 
to contain condensed chicken." Sanitary agents at 
Nashville despairingly cried, " Stay ! the Cumberland 
river is already blockaded with cans of con — founded 
chicken ! " 

Neighbors voted the establishment a nuisance, doc- 
tors denounced it, and cholera threatened it. Chloride 
of lime at last carried the day ! 

In the office of the Aid Rooms a careful system of 
book-keej^iug and invoicing had been early ado2:)ted. 
A list of every article contributed, with name of donor, 
was published weekly in the Cleveland Herald. 
Each box from the country was further acknowledged 
by a personal letter aiming to convey advice, informa- 
tion and encouragement. The limits of the day were 
all too short for these duties, and the correspondence 
and preparation for the press were often carried far 
into the night. 

Though frequent circulars had been issued, sani- 
tary puljlications scattered and constant appeals made 
through the press, it now seemed important to have 



iir^K^^Ti. A T>mTrir Ti-ci " 



68 LEADER ARTICLES 

some stated means of advancing the interests of the 
Sanitary Commission throughout Northern Ohio and 
of communicating with the tributaries of the Cleve- 
land Branch more fully than could be done by letter 

only. 

While this was in discussion by the ladies in their 
little office, many suggestions being made only to be 
rejected, Mr. E. Cowles, of the Cleveland Leader, 
offered two columns per week of that paper to the 
Society. 

The ladies gladly accepted this invitation to join 
the corps editorial. Thursday evening was hereafter 
known, in Aid Society parlance, as " Leader night," 
when a stirring appeal was to be written, a digest of 
the week's business prepared, letters from the front 
condensed, sanitary news summed up, home relief re- 
ported, prejudices and rumors dissipated and flagging 
enthusiasm galvanized. 

The " wee sma' hours " often found the tyro in her 
sanctum, deep in the mysteries of scissors and quill, 
aglow with the excitement of composition, or nervously 
dreading the call for " more copy." 

For more than two years, and until other plans made 
their continuance unnecessary, the Soldiers Aid Society 
articles filled and often overran the space assigned 
them in the Saturday morning issue of the Cleveland 
Leader. 

The mailing of circulars and other papers, which 
became later a work that required a constant round of 
really wearying labor, was no small task even at this 
early day. For more than three years, Miss Carrie P. 
YouNGLovE, a much valued member of the Aid Room 



DOCUMENT COMMITTEES. 69 

corps, had charge of this department, performing her 
volunteer duties as Document Clerk with untiling 
perseverance and much ability. 

The ladies who assisted in this department at differ- 
ent times during the earlier years of the war were : — 
Miss Maky Shelley, Miss Carkie Gkant, Miss 
Georgia Gordon, Miss Helen Lester, Miss Nellie 
Russell, Miss Clara Woolson, Miss Nettie Brayton, 
Mrs. Geo. S. Mygatt and Mrs. Frank W. Parsons. 

The iiivoicino; and res^isterino; had now become too 
important to be left to the changing hands of volun- 
teer committees, however able and zealous these 
might be. 

Miss Sara Mahan, whose valuable services had 
for some months been given, was from this time — • 
August 1st, 1862 — employed as office assistant. Now 
fully identified with the Society, her well trained mind 
and fine business abilities were faithfully devoted to 
its interests. This engagement was continued till the 
close of the supply work in October, 1865. 

A PICTURE OF the CLEVELAND AID ROOMS. 

At 8 o'clock the Rooms are open and the ladies 
assemble for the business of the day. 

The boxes unloaded by the drayman upon the 
pavement, after receiving their entry numbers, are 
trundled through the wide door and the lids skilfully 
removed by the porter or energetically pried off by 
some impatient member of the unpacking committee, 
whose duties now begin. 

Cautiously she })eeps under the layers, not without 



70 PICTURE OF THE AID EOOirS. 

fear that some miscliievoiis cork, false to its trust, may 
have spread liquid ruin among the soft folds. 

Shirts and drawers, as they come forth, are duly 
counted, examined and noted. If zealous haste has 
despatched them minus a button or a string, tlie defi- 
ciency is supplied by some careful matron who sits 
near. The garment is then thrown ^vith the others 
upon a high counter, behind which is entlu'oned a 
third committee-woman with stencil-plate and brush. 

The labels and mottoes which she may find nestling 
in the pocket of a dressing-gown or hidden in the 
soldier's thread-case, she does not remove. Steadily 
she works there, affixing the indelible stamp, 

O.A.b. ^ 

and each article passes from her hand into its 
appointed place in one or anotlier of the great 
hino-ed receivino-.eases that form a row down the 
louo; room. 

Books and pamphlets receive the same stamp and 
are then piled uj^on their allotted shelf, where some 
soldier from the city camp may often be seen turning 
over the leaves, with free permission to choose. 

Bags of dried fruit arc tumbled in a heap upon the 
scales. Bottles and jugs as they appear are closely 
inspected, the sound carefully re-packed in sawdust, 
the defective cemented anew or, if too far gone for 
that, set aside for the Home, the city liospital or the 
sick soldier not man}' scpiares oft'. 

At a table in the middle of the room a l)andage 



COMMITTEES AT WO 

macliine is whirling, under a Land grt 
much practice in these sad days. Befort 
box stands an embodiment of patience, vax 
to bring order out of the ever uprising mass. 

Just behind is tlie busy packing committee, 
whose skilfubiess rests the good name of the Sol 
with the army. Bending over their work, they fc 
and smooth and crowd down each article with its kind, 
until there is space only for the invoice-sheet at top, 
and the box awaits the porter's hammer and its tally 
numl)er, before being consigned to the store house. 

The long table at the end of the room is occupied 
by the work committee. Here bed-sacks and sheets 
are torn off with an electrifying report, and two pairs 
of savage shears are cutting their vigorous way 
through a bolt of " army blue " flannel. The pattern 
is not now on the giant scale prescribed in the early 
days by the Sanitary Commission " powers that be ; " 
a specimen of which, saucy sarcasm has nailed in 
" spread eagle " fashion to the wall yonder. Economy 
and womanly sense have reduced the dimensions to 
the proportions of ordinary humanity. 

The cut garments, duly rolled and ticketed, are 
stowed away in the " work-box," to be given out to 
ladies of the city or sent in packages to bridge over a 
financial gap in some country society. 

Two or three ladies, delegates from some neighljoring 
Branch, are narrowly watching this busy scene while 
receiving, from highest official sources, suggestions and 
sympathy, if need be. Under the same hospitable 
guidance the}^ make a tour of inspection through 
the great ro(~>m and into the little office in the rear, 



.E AID ROOM OFFICE. 

.ced from the main apartment only by 
i-ition. 
jme tokens of feminity have crept in, despite 
aent determination to give it a severe business 
A modest carpet covers the floor, the big box of 
uments in the corner, cunningly cushioned, takes 
mbitious rank as a sofa, some kind body has sent in 
a rocking chair, sometimes a bouquet graces the table, 
and two or three pictures have found their way upon 
the wall among railroad time-tables and shipping 
guides. But the latest war bulletin hangs with them 
there, and all these amenities fail to disguise the 
character of the room or to draw attention from tlie 
duties of the hour. 

Here, at her desk, sits one whom fate and the re- 
sponsibilities of office have called to " carry the bag " 
and to make the neatest of figures in the largest of 
ledgers. There stands another, knitting her brows 
over the complications of a country invoice or a 
" short " shijDping bill. A third is perpetually flitting 
between her entry-desk in the outer room and the 
office table, where two bright-eyed girls are folding 
circulars. A fourth drops her plethoric file of " un- 
answered letters," to read proof for the printer's boy 
at her elbow or to note down, for future use, the 
sanitary news as it falls fresh from the lips of an agent 
who has called in, en route from the front, to give a 
cordial hand to the ladies. 

The above may be called an instantaneous view 
of the Aid Rooms in their every-day estate, but the 
varying phases of experience there Avere like the ever- 
shifting combinations of a kaleidoscope. 



VARIED EXPERIElSrCE. 73 

There were tlie shipping days, when committees 
fled to shelter while the porter rent the air with 
shrieking saw and resounding hammer, and draymen 
blockaded passage with a mountain of boxes and 
barrels that were tallied off by some half-distracted 
woman perched in a corner with check-book and 
pencil. 

To these succeeded grand cleaning and scrubbing 
seasons, when a deluge overwhelmed this little world 
and Babel with its confusion of tongues seemed to 
have arisen in the midst. 

There were unlucky days, when a soldier fresh 
from the fleld would come in to ask some trifling 
aid, because he "had never had anything from the 
Sanitary," — when desponding visitors reported that 
their Aid Society, disheartened by a similar experi- 
ence, was failing in numbers and interest, — - and when 
cautious correspondents detailed stories of waste and 
fraud, too vague to be traced out and disproved or 
remedied, yet plausible enough to plant an uncomfort- 
able sting. 

There were rare days, when the hive stopped its 
busy hum, as the honored and lamented Foote spoke 
a few memorable words to the listening group, — 
or the gallant Hooker, the modest Sigel, or some 
lesser luminary of the military firmament, came in 
to give a soldier's frank and hearty greeting, — or the 
Governor and State officials offered a word of cheer, 
— or the officers of another Branch in some distant 
city made a friendly call, — or the chief representatives 
of the U. S. Sanitary Commission appeared on a so* 
called "inspection," which they by subtile courtesy 
turned into a visit of compliment and approval. 



74 LIGHTS AND SHADOWS. 

S(^nu' straiig'e occasions there were, as \vlieii a l)ril- 
liniit Zouave soldier in full uniform, with knapsack 
and jj;un, was discovered to be an adventurous maiden 
ill diso'uise, — and a suspicious looking woman who 
entered the Aid Room doors claimino; charity turned 
out to lu' a young desertt'r and spy, and Avas indig- 
nantly haihU'd over to the swift justice of the Provost 
Marshal ! 

There W(M'e dark days, when Union reverses fell 
heavily u})on the heart, — when wives and mothers 
with blanched faces thronged the Rooms, — when 
suiVering lifted up its voice in some new quarter, from 
iu>glected field or ill-appointed hospital. 

But the bright ihxys ! — rich in golden opportunities ! 
when a gi'ateful word from a passing soldier proved 
that these busy hands had woven at least one 2:leam- 
ing thread into the web of some clouded life, — when a 
friendly wcn'd, titly spoken, p\it to flight all discourage- 
ments, — when a letter of acknowledgment from some 
distant hospital l)ecanu' full payment for all the toils 
of Aid Room life, — when the stirrinir notes of vie- 
tory brought hope that the day of peace was not 
far otf! 



CIIAPTEK IV. 

Like most of tlie other Nortlieru States, Ohio liad 
its Relief Association, organized by Ohioans in gov- 
ernment offices at Washington, on l)ehalf of sohliers 
from their own State who were lying in hospital there. 
This association natnrally received the endorsement 
and protection of the Governor and the influence of 
the State authorities and prominent politicians. 

The officers of the Ohio Keliek Association were 
earnest in purpose and zealous in their attentions to 
Ohio men, visiting them daily l)y committees, supply- 
ing them with comforts, and reporting their condition 
to friends at home. 

July 2 2d, 1<S(3:2, the Cleveland Aid Society received 
from the Ohio Relief Association a request for a lim- 
ited supply of lios])ital stores. Four boxes of choice 
stores were immediately sent on by Express. A vote 
of thanks was duly returned, with the assurance that 
these were ample for present distribution. A second 
appeal three weeks later was answered by eighteen 
boxes. These received like acknowledmnent and 
assurance. 

September I7th, 18G2, the secretary and treasurer 
of the Cleveland Aid Society arrived in Washington 
while the battle of Antietam was raging. They 

76 



^6 A VISIT TO WASHINGTON. 

deeply sliared the universal anxiety, and participated 
in tlie satisfaction with which President Lincoln's 
emancipation pi'oclaination was received five days 
later. 

The journey to Washington, which included a series 
of hospital visits, had been made with a hope of check- 
ing a strong diversion lately attempted among the 
Northern Ohio aid societies by ladies in Washington 
who, independently of any organization, were carry- 
ing on desultory and injudicious work in hospitals 
around the ca[)ital. In this object it was wholly 
successful. 

The visit had a further purpose in the endeavor to 
establish friendly relations between the Sanitary Com- 
mission and the Ohio Eelief Association. 

Obedient to the instructions received upon affiliating 
with the Sanitary Commission, the Cleveland Branch 
had hitherto worked almost exclusively within the 
Western Department. The wider area of military 
occupation at the West, the constant service of the 
Western armies and their greater distance from the 
supply base, Avere obvious reasons for doing so, and 
for leaving to the central office of the Sanitary Com- 
mission in AVashington, and its prosperous Branches 
in the East, the care of the forces so long lying in 
" masterly inactivity " upon the Potomac. Economy 
of time and monev were further aro'uments for this 
division of laboi'. Convinced of this, the Society had 
sent supplies to the Ohio Relief Association rather 
from sympathy ^vith any call for aid than as a measure 
of wisdom, and with a protest against the narrow 
polic}' that limited their benefits to Ohio men. 



OHIO RELIEF ASSOCIATION. 77 

An attempt was now made to present the officers 
of the Ohio Relief Association at headquarters of the 
Sanitary Commission in Washington, and to gain for 
them the promise of supj^lies from that storehouse. 
The gentlemen of the Sanitary Commission courteously 
agreed to the suggestion and for a time it was followed 
out, but the principles of the associations were antag- 
onistic and this effort to reconcile them was only 
temporarily successful. 

Enrolled under the broad banner of a national 
Commission, the Cleveland Aid Society could not cor- 
dially fi'aternize with a charity bounded by State lines. 
Its tributary societies throughout Northern Ohio, 
thoroughly loyal, were never drawn from their alle- 
giance, though later in the war attemj^ts were made 
by those high in State authority, to engage them in 
the exclusive interest of Ohio soldiers. 

A great deal of outside work was done by many 
Branch societies in aid of the State association. This 
was perfectly well understood at the Aid Rooms and 
no objection was made to it. Supplies designated for 
the Ohio Relief Association were constantly arriving 
at the Cleveland Aid Rooms, and were always for- 
warded without charge to donors or to the Association. 

Every direct apjieal of the Ohio Relief Association 
to the Cleveland Aid Society was answered by a shi^^- 
ment as liberal as the urgency of the call seemed to 
require, and the officers of the Aid Society were well 
satisfied that such stores were distributed faithfully 
to Ohio men. 

The personal services of several members of the 
Ohio Relief Association among the wounded at 



78 BATTLE or PEREYVILLE. 

Acquia Creek and Belle Plain, in later years of the 
war, ought not to go unrecorded. It is hoped that 
some detailed report of that work will yet be made 
public. 

The condition of the Avounded after the battle of 
Perry ville, Ky., — fought October 8th, 18G2, — was a 
sad commentary upon the meagre transportation at 
that time afforded to the Medical Department. 

Carelessness, inhumanity or the secrecy demanded 
by military exigencies, kept the medical authorities too 
long ignorant of the point where surgeons' stores 
would l)e required, and ^vhen the time of need came 
no adequate conveyance was provided for them. 

With characteristic energy the Sanitary Commission 
immediately pushed forward from Louisville three 
wagons and twenty ambulances loaded with hospital 
stores, and its ao-ents were the first to brine: relief 
when help ^vas needed more than tongue can tell. 

The news of this distressino; state of thino-s, tele- 
graphed northward to the sources of supply, was 
immediately answered by the Cleveland Aid Society 
with a shipment of six hundred sets of hospital 
clothing, four hundred bed-sacks and minor articles in 
proportion. Two hundred sets of clothing were for- 
w^arded a few days later on request of the Governor, 
to be distributed by the Ohio State Relief agent. 

This brought the Society again to empty shelves 
and an exhausted purse, at a time when it was im- 
portant to forest al the rapidly rising prices of cotton 
and woolen goods by immediate purchase. 

In this emergency. Dr. Newberky advanced live 



PAINFUL RUMOKS. 79 

hundred dollars from tlie general treasury of tlie 
Sanitary Commission. This was the same day in- 
vested in material for hospital clothing. A strong 
appeal was made for money, and subscription books 
were opened at the Aid Rooms where gentlemen 
were invited to call and enroll themselves as members 
for one year, by payment of one dollar monthly. 
Two ladies of the Society, Mrs. Geo. A. Benedict and 
Mrs. Wm. Mittleberger, took upon themselves the 
laborious task of canvassing the city for these honor- 
ary membershij)s. 

Meantime, heart-rending stories of neglect and want 
in Perryville hospitals flew homeward on the wings of 
the wind, while reports of the relief-work done there 
traveled but slowly or came not at all from the 
sufferers to their distracted friends. Ignorant of the 
real cause of so much needless suffering and knowing 
not where to cast the blame, scores of earnest laborers 
in the Sanitary Commission now found their faith in 
its efficiency sorely tried. 

Into the Cleveland Aid Rooms was poured a tor- 
rent of excited in(|uiry and indignant protest, which 
burst all bounds when an aged mother appeared, 
crushing in her trembling hand the letter that 
told a heart-breaking tale of her youngest and best- 
loved boy dying in one of those ill-conditioned hos- 
pitals, unfriended and uncared for. Frenzied with 
grief, she would not be comforted, but announced the 
desperate purpose of pushing her way to his bedside 
alone. 

The ladies of the Society, deeply moved by this 
piteous scene and feeling it imjoerative to fathom the 



80 A TEIP TO PERRYVILLE. 

flood of painful rumors that threatened the very life 
of their work, took an instant resolution to bring 
eye-witness testimony against this unreasoning excite- 
ment. 

Three hours later, the president and secretary were 
on their way to Perryville, taking as their only lug- 
gage a trunk stoAved with oysters, soup-stock and 
stimulants. During a few hours' accidental detention 
at Cincinnati, they visited the Sanitary Commission 
offices, the Soldiers' Home and the city military hos- 
pitals. 

At Louisville, stringent rules against the passage 
of women to the army had just been promulgated 
])y highest authorities. A personal interview with 
General Boyle, who was then post commandant, 
supported hy credentials from the Sanitaiy Commis- 
sion, soon removed this barrier, and the travelers 
were fortunate in having the escort of Dr. A. N. Read, 
chief Inspector of the Sanitary Commission for that 
department. The party was further j^leasantly en- 
larged by Rev. B. W. Chidlaw, the truly " Christian 
agent" from Cincinnati, and Joseph Shippen, Esq., 
then Pennsylvania State Relief Commissioner, luit 
later engaged in the service of the Sanitary Commis- 
sion. At Perryville the dying boy was at once 
sought out, his last hours soothed, and his sorrowing 
mother in some degree comforted by knowing that 
her son had not died unfriended. The report of a 
week spent in the hospitals of Louisville, Lebanon, 
Perryville and Danville, was made to the Branch 
societies by letter. This afforded satisfactory evidence 
of the energy and faithfulness with which the agents 



THE SOLTP HOUSE. 81 

of the Sanitary Cominissioii pursued their relief work, 
and entirely vindicated the action of the Commission 
towards the Perryville wounded. An interesting 
letter of Dr. Kead, concerning this work, may be 
l^)und in Document No. 55 of the Sanitary Commis- 
sion series. 

The concentrated beef-tea manufactured in Cleve- 
land by the Sanitary Commission was first tested in 
Perryville hospitals. 

The Soup House was opened Novem})er 1st, 1862, 
on Merwin street, in charge of Mr. Henry New- 
HEKKY. The preparations were watched with much 
interest by the ladies of the Aid Society. At their 
solicitation the })roprietors of city packing-houses 
gave daily an am])le 'Supj)ly of fresh beef, and farmers 
brought in potatoes, onions and carrots, which were the 
j)rinci])al ingredients. Empty oyster cans, in Avhich 
the Ijeef-tea Avas at first sealed up for transportation, 
were assiduously collected. Even the spices were fur- 
nished from the Aid lioonis, and scarcely a day j)assed 
but Inisiness, real or fancied, pushed some curious 
woman towards the soup house, to j^eep into the 
steaming cauldrons and pass judgment upon the 
savory mixture. This Avas continued for several 
months, and until the soup house outgrew the ])yo- 
portions of a charitable enterprise and passed into 
otlier hands. 

The product of this manufactory was mainly con- 
sumed by the Sanitary Commission, to which it formed 
a valuable auxiliary, supplying an article in constant 
demand, of excellent quality and at a cost of about 



82 CENTRAL OFFICE, LOUISVILLE. 

hall" Avliat it was sold for in eastern markets. Up 
to the end of the war, when the Cleveland soup house 
was closed, one hundred and fifty-five thousand pounds 
of condensed beef soup had been supplied from this 
source through the agency of the Sanitary Commis- 
sion, in battle-field and hospital relief. 

October 1st, 18G2, Dr. Newberry having finished 
the work of oro-anizino; Branch Commissions and dis- 
tricting the broad field which had been confided to 
his care, as General Secretary of the Western Depart- 
ment, and findino* Cleveland — his home and until now 
his business headquarters — too fiir from the center of 
operations, removed his ofiice to Louisville, Ky. 

Louisville was then becoming, as it continued 
throughout the Avar to be, the most important mili- 
tary and sanitary center at the Avest, being practically 
equi-distant from the home field at the north and the 
field of service at the south. This change of base 
proved to be in every way favorable to the interests 
of the Sanitary Commission. 

By this removal of the western Central Ofiice to 
Louisville, the Cleveland Aid Society was deprived of 
no advantai>:e which the uniform kindness and watch- 
ful interest of Dr. Newuerry could aftbrd. The 
oflicers Av^ere constantly indebted to him for counsel 
and aid, and it is a pleasure to acknowledge here that 
his judicious advice and assistance were potent means 
of the success of the work which is detailed in this 
volume. 

For a history of five years of unintermitting and 
faithful labor in the service of the Sanitary Commis- 



MAN^VER OF FORWAEDIJN^G. 83 

sion, during which Dr. Newberry adniinisttjied the 
aftairs of the Western Department with leniarkalde 
vigor and al)ility, the reader is referred to a ^vork 
lately issued by the Historical Bureau of the Sanitary 
Conuiiission entitled "Keport on the operations of the 
U. S. SAxrrARY Commission in the Valley of the 
Mississippi during the War of the Rebellion.'" 

The su])plies of the Cleveland Branch vveie irom 
this time mainly directed to Louisville. Sent by car 
load to Cincinnati, they were met there and trans- 
ferred to the mail boat l)y an agent avIio accompanied 
them to Louisville. Their destination ^^•as there deter- 
mined. The reports of their distrilnition, gleaned from 
letters of agents and inspectors, were communicated 
to the Brancli societies. 

This careful manner of forwarding stores ^von the 
confidence of tributary societies and gradually weak- 
ened their disposition to send independently to 
individuals in the army. It was necessary to act 
very cautiously against this desire, which in early 
da}'s had caused no small perplexity and had always 
])roved injudicious and hazardous. 

For every package that failed to tind its way alone 
from the home to the army, the Sanitary Commission 
was luijustly considered responsible. Every such 
l)ox, stranded on the ])assage, "was l^rought forward 
as evidence against the Sanitary Commission shi2")2")ing 
system. 

When a pile of these waifs, — dragged to light 
tVom the recesses of a railroad or river Avarehouse, — 
fell under the auctioneer's hammer, great arose the 



84 PRIVATE PACKAGES. 

cry that the officers of the Sanitary Commission were 
making fortunes from the charities of the public 
and that sanitary stores never reached the soldiers. 
No amount of argument ^vould dissipate this impres- 
sion. The people were slow to learn that the channel 
wliich they often mistrusted and studiously avoided 
actually led most directly to their own soldier boys. 

The Cleveland Aid Society never assumed the right 
to restrict tlie independent shipments of its tributary 
societies, correctly judging that experience would lead 
them to aljandon such ventures. The sending of 
private boxes was always discouraged and the ol)jec- 
tions were frankly stated, but it seemed imj^olitic and 
unkind to make an inflexible rule a2;ainst it. If these 
were brou2:ht to the Aid Rooms the ladies souo;ht to 
ensure their safe carriage, often paying express charges 
to remote points, but invarialdy prefjicing this favor 
with a chapter of warning and advice. Now, how- 
ever, on the establishment of Sanitary headquarters 
so near the front as Louisville, the time had come 
when some rule might be adopted. It was therefore 
announced that " hereafter the Aid Society will not 
be responsible for the conveyance of private packages 
beyond the Sanitary depot nearest their point of 
destination. If not called for there within a reason- 
able time, the contents Avill l)e distributed for the 
general good." 

The feeling that moved the people to send indi- 
vidual gifts to the army ^vas always respected by the 
officers of the Cleveland Society, ^v^ho from its pioneer 
days had themselves been constantly looking a-field, 
keenly watching the ever- varying dem.and and keeping 



SPECIAL SHIPMENTS. , 85 

tlieir own sympathies aglow by direct communication 
witli the front. Letters and ap2)eals coming to them 
from the army were carefully considered, and either 
referred to headquarters of the Sanitary Commission 
or answered by boxes packed at the Aid Rooms with 
special reference to the demand. Such boxes were 
consigned to the Sanitary agent nearest the i)oint of 
need, to be delivered by him if his inspection proved 
that the apj)eal was a proper one. A duplicate invoice 
of these shipments was always sent to the central 
office of the Sanitary Commission at Louisville, and a 
written receipt was required of the surgeon l)y whom 
the call was made. 

The Branch societies, in their turn, often had sj^ecial 
appeals from their correspondents in the army. These 
appeals were usually referred to the central rooms. 
They were encouraged to gather supplies in response 
and to forward them to the Cleveland Aid Rooms. 
Here, such supplies were often supjilemented from the 
general stock and every facility of transportation was 
afforded. Even the messengers despatched to the 
army by Branch aid societies were furnished at the 
Cleveland Rooms with credentials that made them 
the authorized agents of the Sanitary Commission 
while distributing their supplies to the regiments 
which they visited. The object of this policy was to 
inculcate loyalty to the Sanitary Commission without 
incurring the danger of weakening the enthusiasm of 
the people, — a danger that would certainly have been 
o^reat, had the aid societies of Northern Ohio been 
suffered to become merely the collecting and shi])])ing 
agents of a great national charity* 



ST) MOUE TnAN"SPORTATIOX FAVOUs. 

The work of gathering and disbursing steadily 
increased thi-oiiQ-hont the fVdl and was without mate- 
rial chano-e. 

The usual supplies were pleasantly varied by a 
large quantit}^ of gi'apes, fresh from the vineyards of 
Kelley Island, — the gift of the Aid Society estab- 
lished there. Several boxes of these were distributed 
in the hospitals of Georgetown, D. C, by the Rev. 
F. T. BnowN, formerly a Cleveland pastor, and the 
remainder divided between the hosj)ital train of the 
Louisville and Nashville railroad and Louisville hos- 
pitals. 

A canvassing agent was at this time making the 
tour of Ashtabula, Geauga and Lake counties. With 
the aid of the township military committees he was 
successful in securing a bountiful supply of apples 
and vegetables. These supplies were duly credited 
to the local societies and by them forwarded to Cleve- 
land. 

The favors of transportation granted to the Aid 
Society in forwarding stores to the front, have been 
mentioned on page 38. 

From this time,— October 28th, 1862,— all the 
railroads running into the city granted free carriage 
of packages consigned by country societies to the 
Cleveland Aid Rooms. Any advance charges that 
might have accrued were paid by the Cleveland 
Society. Thus all freight expenses were saved to the 
shippers and a heavy l)urden Avas lifted from the 
feebler Branches. 



CHAPTER V. 

The winter of 1862-3 found the Society licli in 
enthusiasm and tlie loyal supj^ort of more than four 
hundred Branches. 

Gifts of money were however few and small. The 
war had begun to pinch the pockets of many who 
were the firmest friends of the Sanitary Commission, 

The rapid depreciation of the currency and the 
ever-recurring calls for means to raise new reo'iments 
and to equip them for the field, were beginning to 
make even the rich feel poor and to develop the 
necessity for a prudence that was new to the citizens 
and farmers of the Western Reserve. 

Stores were coming in freely, though these were now 
less valuable in kind. The small field had been 
thoroughly worked for more than eighteen months. 
The surplus accumulation of clothing and bedding, the 
j)ride of every thrifty housewife, which had been freely 
and even lavishly given at the call of local aid socie- 
ties, was now exhausted. The high prices of cotton 
and woolen fabrics made it impossible for these little 
societies to buy enough to keep their fingers busy 
in makino* new g-arments. Boxes from the Branches 
contained at this time a greater proportion of edildes 
and farm products. 

At 



88 ciRCtJLAii iro. 10. 

But tliese facts were no discourao-ement. A vi2;or- 
ous campaign was to be the policy of the forces in 
the fiehl, and right zealously did the army of home- 
workers enter upon the duties entailed by the increase 
and activity of the army at the front. Taught l)y a 
year's experience, they well knew the probable neces- 
sities of the troops during the coming winter months. 
Like them, they were eager to push forward while 
there was work to do. 

To the aid societies that disbursed their charities 
through the Cleveland Branch Commission, Circular 
No. 10 was addressed, December 1st, urging increased 
activity and containing accurate directions for work to 
suit the season, with some carefully prepared measure- 
ments and suggestions upon economy in cutting the 
material which war prices had now made doubly 
precious. Published reports of the condition of hos- 
pitals in Perry ville and Danville, Ky., and some 
urgent letters of agents who w^ere at work among the 
sick at Nashville and on the line of the Louisville and 
Nashville railroad, lately re-opened, gave point to 
this appeal and it was not unheeded. 

The faithful few to be found in every little society 
bent earnestly to its interests, and great industry and 
persistent canvassing l]>rought due reward. The season 
favored their plans and holiday pleasures again took 
on the garl) of charity. 

While creating and guiding the machinery of the 
Society, its officers had also the anxiety of financiering 
for its support. In most other like organizations the 
duty of raising funds was assumed by some outside 



irARD TIMES. 89 

committee, hnt tlie officers of the Cleveland Aid 
Society Lad no sucli relief. 

Their very success in evoking the activity of so 
many tributaries was at once a stimulus and a per- 
plexity, so large was now the sum required merely for 
the current expenses of the Society in its character of 
receiving and shipping agent for these smaller organi- 
zations. 

Though often sorely pressed for means, no money 
was ever solicited from Branch societies nor was it 
accepted from them, though frequently offered. Sums 
of money thus sent in were invested in material at 
wholesale prices and in that form returned. It was 
thought to be unwise and unjust to cripple these 
weaker organizations by taking money from their 
treasuries. 

With the constant call upon its charities it cannot 
be supposed that the Society had ever been able or 
willing to accumulate supplies or to hoard its re- 
sources. 

The present winter was a time of peculiar embar- 
rassment. 

The flow of money into the treasury was small 
though continuous, and was perhaps as great as could 
be expected in the stringency of the times and the 
many other calls upon benevolence. 

There was no loss of friends nor withdrawal of 
public confidence. 

Besides individual contributions, there had been 
a lecture by Artemus Waiid, a lecture by Elihu 
BuRRiTT, tendered by the Cleveland Commercial Cob 
lege, a thanksgiving offering from the city churches, 



90 FrNANCIEIlING. 

some collections made 1)y Sunday school cliildren, 
a benefit ])y an amateur dramatic club, and maii>' 
other gifts that showed the estimati(^n in which the 
work at the Aid Rooms was held l)y the citizens. 

But the Society had now assumed business relations 
and responsibilities that must seek more stable foun- 
dation than the shifting sands of popular charity. 

By the plan of honorary meml)erships, projected in 
November, it had been hoped to ol)tain a j^ei'manent 
revenue sufficient to support the Depot Hospital 
mentioned on page 51, and to meet current expenses. 
For this, a sum not less than two hundred dollars per 
month was required. Secure from the entanglement 
of delH, the ladies would then rely upon chance con- 
tribution, lectures, concerts and other entertainments 
for means to purchase material and for extending 
their plans as might be desired. 

The honorary memberships were necessarily slow 
in reporting, while the needs of soldiers were imme- 
diately pressing. The heavy monthly expenditure 
could not he curtailed without breaking faith with 
the auxiliaries and giving a ftital shock to the 
interests of the Society. 

It had been hard indeed to see cotton and woolen 
goods rise daily higher and higher in price and yet to 
be unable to lay in a stock for the winter's ^vork. 
Some advance purchases had been ventured on with 
much hesitation, and the time for payment Avas ex- 
tended by the kindness of the merchants. Every 
dollar that could be spared was applied to reduce this 
debt by instalments of fifty dollars, yet at the close 
of the year a large balance remained unpaid. With 



WAYS AND :\IEAN!^. 91 

closest ecoiioniv the resources of tlie Society were 
l)arely sufficient to cover current expenses. 

It must not l)e supposed that these embarrassments 
were allowed continually to annoy and weary the 
public. It was well known that the Aid Society Avas 
to the highest degree receptive, that its resources were 
always far below its needs and that every dollar 
added to the treasury was a thrice welcome gift. 
These facts inculcated and established, the officers 
endeavored to keep the Society on an independent 
basis, so far as an institution drawing support from 
public benevolence could be considered independent, 
and to make it an honor to the community, not a 
constant bore to the citizens. 

The Cleveland Aid Society early dropped its 
mendicant character and took rank as a business 
estaldishment. Its business credit was always good. 
If an article Avas needed, it was bargained for and 
purchased l>y the officers, not begged. Whenever it 
was known what reduction the merchant made from 
his usual prices, this was entered and credited as his 
contribution. 

Frequent and stirring appeals through the press 
there certainly were, and persistent efforts to keep the 
wants of the soldiers before the public. Friends in 
the city often joined in self-constituted committees to 
add money to the treasury or goods to the store-room, 
l)ut personal solicitation of money by the officers was 
studiously avoided and was never resorted to, save in 
the aj^plication for honorary memberships, made at 
this time, and later for the specific object of building 
a Soldiers' Home. 



02 RATINEST CONSTTLTATIONS. 

Knowing tliat popular sympathy goes with success 
and that worth is generally measured by the same 
rule, the ladies strove to prove the efficiency of the 
Society as almoner of the people's charity and thus to 
attract towards it a deserved support. Business men, 
glad to have the credit of the city for philanthropy 
sustained and the immediate burden of responsibility 
and care lifted from their own shoulders, willingly 
made the Aid Society a channel for their benefactions 
to the army. 

In times of its financial prosperity, the Society grate- 
fully made public acknowledgment of the support that 
was generously and cheerfully given. When ])ecu- 
niary embarrassments weighed heavily, all forebodings 
were confined within the little office Avliere the ladies 
met in daily consultation upon ways and means. 

Just now these consultations were especially ear- 
nest. 

It w\as not possible to enter at once upon any great 
scheme for raising money by entertainments, for the 
reason that a bazaar in the interest of the Cleveland 
Protestant Orphan Asylum had bespoken public favor 
months before and was still in preparation. To bring 
the claims of the Sanitar}' Commission prominentl}' 
forward at this time would endanger the success of 
this bazaar, and the ladies of the Aid Society thought 
it ungenerous to divert attention from so worthy an 
object. The city was too small to sustain a second 
strand charitable scheme immediatelv succeedino- the 
bazaar. This could be attempted only at great risk 
of failure. Some plans ^\-ere laid that promised well 
\'ov the future, but for the present it seemed almost 



11 1 10 CALIFORNIA FUND. 93 

li()[)t5lt'-ss to attempt to repair the fortunes of the Aid 
Society, and its managers were Ijearing a heavy burden 
of anxiety. 

At this crisis came " good news from a far coun- 

tO'-" 

California, too distant to furnish troops yet too 

loyal to shrink from the burdens of the war and too 

humane to neglect its sufferers, had sent, in October, 

1802, one hundred thousand dollars to the general 

treasury of the Sanitary Commission, and fourteen 

days later another one hundred thousand, stipulating 

that one half of this last remittance should be given 

to the Western Sanitary Commission — an independ- 

(iiit organization having its headquarters in St. Louis 

— and the other half used in the interests of the 

United States Sanitary Commission, through its 

westei'u Branches. 

The partition of this gift had been long in discus- 
sion by the Executive Committee of the Sanitary 
Commission, in New York, and was now decided. 
By its provisions the Cincinnati Branch was to receive 
fifteen thousand dollars, Chicago ten thousand, Louis- 
ville ten thousand, Columbus five thousand and 
Cleveland ten thousand. 

The ladies of the Cleveland Branch could scarcely 
believe that ten thousand dollars actually lay in New 
York subject to their draft. This was indeed a 
dazzling ray of golden sunlight into their darkest day ! 
llovv much prosjierity to their Society, how much 
comfort to the soldiers, were represented by that great 
sum ! 



94 SECOND THOUGHTS. 

After the first inomeiit of joyful excitement, sober 
second thouglit weighed cjirefnlly the real value of 
the s:ift. 

Thoiigli often carrying a light purse, the Society 
had never heen actually crippled by lack of money. 
Poverty had been its great capital, the rallying-cr}'^ l)y 
which its friends Avere summoned, and there now 
seemed to be a lurkiuo; dancrer in this sudden accession 
to fortune. The sum looked fabulously large ; in the 
event of an earl}' close of the Avar it might l)e more 
than sufficient; but who dared hope that the war 
would end this year, or the next, or the next i 

By making public acceptance of the gift it seemed 
certain tliat popular sympathy avouUI be withdra^\■n 
and the zeal of the tributaries weakened. The 
Society could better afford to relinquish all share in 
the California fund than to hazard the disbanding of 
that noble constituency which had l)een so carefully 
built up and Avas now the very life of its Avoik. 

Between the just pride that their own dear Society 
should receive its proportion with other Branches of 
the Sanitary Commission, the tempting thought of 
what comfort that o-reat sum of money Avould ensure 
to the disabled soldiers, and the imminent risk of 
])aralyzing the vigorous auxiliaries l)y accepting it 
the ladies Avere sorelv troubled and almost at their 
wits' end. 

They at last decided to be governed by the same 
rule that they applied to their own Branch societies 
and to accept the gift in instalments, as a helping 
hand, devoting it exclusively to purchase of stores 
and material, but resolving still to provide for current 



IIEVIEW OF THE AVOKK. 95 

expenses aud to spare no pains to keep up an inde- 
pendent treasury. 

With this understanding, tliey received from Dr. 
Newberry one thousand (hdhxrs on account of the 
California fund, canceKed the debt for material the 
same day, made further })urchases of cotton and 
flannel, continued to canvass for meml)erships and 
projected a series of entertainments to be given in the 
early spring. 

Through all this financial perplexity, now hapj)ily 
ended, the regular duties of the Society had been 
uninterrupted. 

The l)ooks at the close of 18(32 showed receipts of 
two hundred and twenty-four thousand articles of l)ed- 
ding and clothing, thirty-three thousand pounds and 
twenty-seven thousand articles of surgeons' supplies 
and hospital furnishings, one hundred and thirty-six 
thousand pounds of fruit and groceries, twenty 
thousand cans and bottles of jellies, wines, etc., seven 
thousand dozens of eggs, iive hundred bushels of 
vegetables, three hundred kegs of pickles and forty 
thousand unclassified articles. 

These st(n*es had been sent to points in Maryland, 
Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Illinois, Missouri 
and Kansas, besides small supplies to the army of the 
Potomac. They had reached fifty-seven camps, regi- 
mental hospitals and I'ecruiting stations, forty general 
and post hospitals, and eighteen established or tem- 
porary depots of the Sanitary Commission, besides 
the floating hospitals and store boats of the Commis- 
sion. These disbui'sements had been submitted to 
the Sanitary Commission for approval, and nine-tenths 



96 CA:\IP CLEVELAND HOSPITAL. 

of all the sliijiments had been made upon direct 
reqnisition of its agents in the field. 

The Society had already established a business 
reputation at the front. Under date of December 
26th, an agent wrote from Memphis, Tenn., to the 
Cleveland Aid Rooms : " I have learned to ex2:)ect 
your goods every month as regularly as I look for the 
rising sun." 

While aiming to send comforts to distant hospitals, 
home charities had not been neglected. Blankets had 
been given to recruits on application, returned soldiers 
had received a share of aid and comfort, missing men 
had been looked up, the condition of sick or 
wounded ascertained for benefit of friends, and in the 
Depot Hospital nearly one thousand men had been 
fed, lodged, clothed and attended. 

Nor had the Society been unmindful of those in 
regiments temporarily encamped 'near the city, who 
suftered from diseases engendered by a sudden cliange 
from the comforts of home to the exposure of camp life. 
The officers and surgeons of the city camps and 
hospital had always been made welcome to dra^v 
upon the Aid Society for any supplemental stores 
that their sick required. 

An incident in the history of Camp Cleveland 
Military Hospital shows that, even at the North, the 
Sanitary Commission sometimes found occasion to 
bridge a gap between government supplies and the 
soldiers. 

January 1st, 1868, a new surgeon Avas assigned to 
charge of the post hospital at Camp Cleveland with 
orders to open it on the 10th as a General Military 



( 



. AIT INCIDEXT. 97 

Hospital. Thoroiigli repairs and a large addition to 
the l:)uilding were necessary to this change. 

On the 20th, ten days after the opening, the surgeon 
made his appearance at the Aid Rooms in great per- 
plexity. His government bedding had not arrived. It 
must surely have been ship2:)ed but it was strangely 
lela}'ed, and all his writing and telegraphing had failed 
to hurry it forward. Meanwhile, the medical director 
at Cincinnati, calmly confident that the hospital was 
ready to open because it had been ordered to open, 
had sent on a large squad of sick who were to arrive 
by train that very night. What was to be done! 
The kind-hearted surgeon could not bear to lay these 
sick men into empty bunks, yet the bedding of the 
old hospital was not half sufficient for them. In this 
dilemma he applied to the Aid. Society for a loan of 
bedding till government furnishings should come. 

The stock at the Aid Kooms was at that moment 
low, as a large shi^iment had just been made, but the 
will to help was not lacking. Two hundred sheets 
and fifty bed-sacks were counted out for the hospital. 
These were enough for the present emergency. The 
ladies further offered to make up a bale of army linen, 
and before another m<rht this had been converted into 
three hundred sheets and sent to the liospital. This 
l)rompt help in time of need made the good surgeon 
a fast friend to the Sanitary Commission. 

The communication between the Aid Society and 
the military liospital at Camp Cleveland was almost 
constant. 

Convalescents allowed to spend the morning in 
town would always drop in at the Aid Rooms, sure of 



08 HOME CIIATUTY. 

a welcome, a ])eei) at the luoruiiig papers, a pleasant 
book, a sheet of letter-paper " please ma'am,'' a needle 
and thread for repairs, a clean towel and piece of 
sweet-scented soap, a pocket coml), a new spring- 
crntcli, a fresh handkerchief or ^ best of all — a 2>^^ig 
of tobacco ! 

A certain dra\ver in the Aid lloonis Avas kept full 
of these comforts for such distribution. On Avritten 
order of the surgeon or chaplain, clothing n\ as given 
in cases Avhich could not be reached by government 
issues. 

The above comes within the limits of the special 
relief department and will be found in detail in the 
accompanying Special llelief lleport. 

The library of Camp Cleveland hos])ital was in 
gri'at ])art furnished and several times re])lenished 
by the Aid Society. 

The hospital ambulance was ordered to call at the 
Aid Rooms every day. All delicacies too ])erishable 
(o bear shipment to the front and many country 
(hiinties were sent b)' it to the special care of the 
matron. 

Many holiday occasions were maiU' })k'asant to the 
soldiers at Camp Cleveland. One of these is de- 
scribed in the following extract from Cleveland papers 
of ISO'J: 

(.'nuiisTM.vs AT C\MV CLEVELAND lIosprrAL. — Tlmiiks to tlu> <;rfncrosity 
of the ladios of tins city, the impromptu dinner at the hospital was a perfect 
success, (."hristmas, despite the inauspicious cUmds and weeiiinjj skies, 
was nu\de a " red letter day " both to the inmates of tlu> hospital and to 
those who superintended the entertainment. 

Early on Christmas morning the abundant gifts that had been st'ut into 
the Rooms of the Aid Society were loaded into a large furniture van, and, 
\Vith a dray-load of apples and vegetables and a barrel of cider, were sent 



A CIIKISTMAS DINNEi;. [)\) 

to the hospital by direction of the committee, Mrs. B. RousK, Mrs. WM. 
Melhinck, Mrs. D. CiriTTENDKN and Mrs. P. Thatcher, who cheerluUy 
{fjivo up their own Christmas festivities in order to secure to the sicl\ men 
the full enjoynunit of the feast. 

The surjjfcons of tlio hospital having previously given cordial assent to 
the plans of the ladies, now welcomed them heartily, introduced them into 
the wards and zealously seconded their aiTangements througliout the day. 

When this "surprise party" unfolded its benevolent designs to the 
invalid soldiers, pale faces flashed with eager expectation and dim eyes 
brightened with the thought that kind hearts had been moved to bring a 
tithe of Christmas pleasures into this abode of weariness and pain. 

The lirst stc]) in the day's programme was to care for those who were too 
ill to sit at table. At twelve o'clock each sick man received a bowl of 
nourishing chicken soup or oyster broth, a delicate bit of chicken (if allowed 
to eat it), a roasted ai)ple, a fresh biscuit spread with jelly or canned 
])eaches, and a glass of custard by way of dessert. That there might be no 
•• slij) 'twixt cup and lip," these delicacies were carried to each bedside by 
the ladies themselves, who had the great satisfaction of seeing how keenly 
they were relished. The erysipelas ward and even the small-pox hospital, 
set apart on the slope of the hill, were visited by the ladies, who braved the 
danger of inlection in their zeal for the Christmas pleasures of the sick 

MU'U. 

When the sick had been thus provided for, the convalescents were invited 
into the dining room. There, oyster-soup, plump chickens and turkeys, 
jnicy ham and tongues, tender biscuits, crisp doughnuts, Indian puddings, 
apph', pumpkin and cranberry pies were set out with an abundance that 
Cleveland housewives well know how to furnish, and to which the guests 
on the present occasion proved themselves able to do full justice. Here the 
ladies again presided, and saw each man plentifully served with everything 
that the bountiful board supiditnl. After all had gone away satisfied, the 
employes of the hospital received their share. 

As there still remained enough and to spare, the soldiers of the guard 
were called in from their wet and weary round to i)artake of the feast 
until more than eight hundred men had taken their turns at table. The 
barrel of cider waa then tapped, and doughnuts, ap[)les and cider werii distri- 
buted through the camp to the groups of soldiers gathered about their lires. 

When the festivities of the day were over at the hospital, there still 
remained choice provisions enough for a generous dinner-party. These 
were gathered up and carried to the quarters of the paroled prisoners who 
were reqiu^sted to take them for their Christnuis supper. The " boys" wen; 
no way loth to accei)t the bounty that " Santa Claus " seemed to have 
showered down upon them and the ladies drove away amid their shouts of 
delight and gratitude, M. 



CHAPTER VI. 

The probability of a general engagement Ijelow 
Nashville had caused the field-agents of the Sanitary 
Commission in Tennessee to make urgent advance 
demands for stores. 

Their anticij^ations were realized by the battle of 
Btoiie River, fought at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, De- 
cember 31st, 18(32, and new year's day of 1863. Eight 
thousand of Rosecrx^ns' splendid army of the Cumber- 
land were disabled by this terrible battle, and for 
months the hospitals of Louisville, Nashville and 
Murfreesboro were filled with the wounded. 

The Sanitary Commission had the approval and 
published endorsement of General Roseceans, and 
by his orders all possible fixcilities were afforded its 
agents in their care of the wounded. The record of 
the preventive and relief service rendered in hospital 
and camp to the army of the Cumberland forms one 
of the l:)rightest chapters in the history of the Sanitary 
Commission. 

February brought the opening of the camj^aign 
against Vicksburg, and all eyes watched with intense 
interest the movements of the fleet that was descend- 
ing the Mississippi river. 

Under the indomitable leadership of General 



1 



THE SIEGE OF YICKSBURO. 101 

Grant, the army of the Tennessee again hiid patient 
and persistent siege to the rebel stronghold that had 
twice been the object of iinsnccessfnl and disastrous 
assault. It was not now to yield ^v ithout a desperate 
resistance, and until its defenders were unearthed, like 
rats, from their burrows. 

The depressing influences of climate and the unfa- 
vorable location of camps soon developed in the 
Union army diseases of an exhaustive and malignant 
nature, more fatal than the casualties of l:)attle. The 
sick, received into rude hosj)itals from which they 
were often driven by the rising waters of the Missis- 
sippi, or placed on board transports wliere their 
surroundings were still more unfortunate, suffered 
severely from lack of food, medicines and clothing. 

Government, with its ponderous machinery and 
heavy burdens, could not supply these wants with 
necessary promptness. The resources of the sur- 
rounding region were exhausted, and if they had been 
al)undant would have been beyond the reach of lo^^al 
men. 

Scurvy began to show itself in hospital and camp. 
Every mail brought some new tale of suffering, some 
pleading call for help from the Sanitary agents who 
were working nobly there and finding a broad field of 
labor. 

Telegrams from Louisville announced the fitting 
out of a supply-steamer by the Sanitary Commission. 
To add to her cargo, the Cleveland Branch pushed 
forward the same day by passenger train seven hun- 
dred sets of hospital clothing and bedding, a large 
quantit}' of groceries and vegetaldes, Avith stimulants, 



10!? TlIK STKA.^IKi; DlNLKlTir. 

surgeons' su])pUes iiiid miuor comforts. These stores 
were increased \)y succeeding sliipnients, and the 
steaiiiei- Dunleith h^ft Louisville for Yickslmrix, Ft^h- 
niarv 'iStli, having in her cargo five hundred boxes 
iVom the Cle\eland Branch. A few days latei' a car- 
h)ad was sent to re])lenish the Nashville store-rooms, 
now nearly empty again, and then ever}' etfort was 
turned towards pre])aring stores to meet the steamer 
on her I'eturn. The condition of the river hospitals 
was described in terms as strong as prudence would 
alhn\', and the country societies Avere called upon to 
arouse as never before and to redouble their contri- 
butions. 

This seemed to be a favorable time to raise money 
for the Societv. An en<>-ai»-ement Avith John B. 
(tougii, shortly before, had brought two hundred 
(h)llars into the treasurv, Avhich was the onlv beneht 
that had been received for several months. A plan 
h)ng projected now took shape in the anncnincement 
of a " (rrand Amateur Entertainment of ]\[usic and 
Tal)leaux TiNants," to be given IMarch ;>rd and 5th, 
at the Academy of Music. This exhibition was o-iven 
to the Aid Society by the tableau committee of the 
Orphan Asylum Bazaar and consisted in part of some 
of the most beautiful of the tableaux that had been 
sllo^\ u at the bazaar earh' in the winter. Extracts 
from h'tters of that date will best show the character 
of the entertainment and the interest Avith which it 
was undertaken by the citizens : 

Ct,evei,and Aid Rooms, March 4, 186:5. 
ExTKMT. — In the midst of the hurry and coufusion of our " o-rand 
lunatiMir pfrfoniiauci'," 1 snatch a few niomeuts to report upon matters and 



MUSIC AM) TABLEAVX. lOr*. 

things here in !)5 Banli street, nil of which, however, resolve themselves into 
angels, fairies, Indian princesses Jind suicidal lovers, iis I try to review the 
past week. 

The tahleiiu committee met again at our Hooms yestc^rday and we are 
delighted with the progress of things so far. Our citizens are taliing this 
up in their own noble way and we are confidcait of a grand success. 

We struggled hard to keep out of the vortex and to mind sanitary things 
only, but as at the last minute several angels wen^ found minus wings and 
two or three kings and fairy queens wert; discovered to be crownless, we were 
forced to throw ourselves into the breach, and for two entire days our little 
office has been transformed into a workshop where gauzi^ and tins(d quite 
overshadow inkstand and pencil. One more day, howcvcn-, will end this 
usur[)ation. Tlien we can puff away the cloudy tissue, shake ourselves free 
from the glittering spangles and return to duty again, with the great 
satisfaction of picking up about a thousand dollai'S as the result of three 
days voyaging in fairy land ! 

We have alnmdy had ono evening's entertainment, to everybody's 
supreme delight, and our ticket sales have reached six hundred and twelve 
dollars. We wiws^make a thousand ! 

The entertainment is a charming one? to the public, and will be so to us 
in proportion to the patronage it receives. You will see we look at it with 
a purely mercenary eye. 

March 7th. 

My last letter was a confused medley of giants, fairies, kings and queens, 
from which it might be inferred that we had all migrated to some distant 
sphere and left the earth and its inhabitants to their wars and rumors 
of wars without interference. 

The tableaux were a sad innovation upon our business ways. Now that 
the beautiful vision has passed, it does seem as though we had dropped 
down out of the clouds, and it will need a deal of fidgetting before we can 
settle quietly into our office chairs again. 

It was really charming to see how the people worked to get up the 
entertainment and then how they applauded and encored their own 
schemes ! The two evenings netted for us ten hundred and ninety-eight 
dollars, — even better than we had hoi)ed. 

Very few know, as we do, how much need there is for this money and 
for our work now. We dare not publish tlu; letters which we are receiving 
from agents in the Mississippi Hect, they are so discouraging, so truly 
appalling. It would be a great stimulus, of course, and just what our 
people need to stir their sympathies afresh, but we are afraid it would not 
be right. 

These sad, sad letters have lain heavily upon our hearts these days, and 
the scenes they describe were constantly Hitting between our eyes and the 
bright visions spread for our admiration, so that you will not wonder wo 
could not thoroughly enjoy the tableaux just now. 



104 Murdoch's readings. 

Two weeks after tliese entertainments, James E. 
Murdoch, tlie well known tragedian, offered the 
Society an evening of Patriotic Readings ; one of a 
series of readinsfs beo-un in the Senate Chamher at 
Washington, January 10th, and continued in most of 
the eastern and western cities, the entire proceeds 
being given by Mr. Murdoch to associations for relief 
of the sick and w^onnded of the Union army. 

The patriotism of Mr. Murdoch and his signal 
services to our sick and wounded and to loyalty, 
should have more than a passing notice. 

When the rel)ellion broke out, Mr. Murdoch, who 
had been for many years one of the leaders of Ameri- 
can drama, was pursuing a brilliant career upon the 
stage. Aglow with patriotic fervor he at once threw 
up his dramatic engagements, resolving ne^'er to 
resume the profession till peace should return to his 
country. With his two sons he volunteered into the 
Union army. Finding his own health unequal to the 
duties of the field, he formed the idea of consecrating 
his fine talents to the service of the sick and wounded, 
whose sufferings he had witnessed in actual campaigns. 

In this resolution there was another object not less 
patriotic. It was that of stimulating the loyalty of 
the people b}- bringing to bear upon them such poetry 
and incidents as, when narrated with dramatic power, 
would best illustrate and arouse that noble sentiment. 

In all ages poetry has been the language of the 
higher emotions, the immortalizer of heroism, uncom- 
promising in its scorn of ignol^le deeds, and its divine 
character is never better exemplified than in the 
thrilling tones it has for patriotism and the terri])le 



CHANGE OF VICE-PRESIDENTS. lOf) 

invectives it utters against treason. Tliis power 
Murdoch laid hold of with a master hand. Words 
of fervid eloquence l)urned and glowed as they fell 
from his lips and kindled into active life the fires of 
true patriotism in every heart. 

Throughout the entire ])eriod of the war, his earn- 
estness and devotion to the \ydYt he had thus assumed 
were unfailing as aids to patriotism and were nation- 
ally conspicuous in their pecuniary results. 

Mr. Murdoch's oifer to the Cleveland Aid Societ}' 
was gladly accepted, and the Academy of Music was 
ao'ain filled March 19th. The enthusiasm of the 
audience, the tasteful decoration of the stage with the 
flags of the Union, the inspiring music of the T)antl, 
the cause and oT)ject of the Readings and the power 
with which they were rendered, conspired to form a 
scene which ^vill not soon be forgotten. 

This entertainment netted three hundred dollars to 
the Society. 

Towards the last of March the canvassing commit- 
tee reported one hundred and eighty-six gentlemen 
enrolled as honorary members, l)y a pledge of one 
dollar monthly. These subscriptions were for the 
year ending November, ISO-'). The committee ap- 
pointed to canvass among the ladies had also ol)tained 
many new names to the twenty-five cent monthl}' 
subscription list. 

At a regular monthly meeting, April 7th, 1863, 
Mrs. W]\i. Melhinch was confirmed first vice-president, 
Mrs. John Shelley havino: resis-ned that office some 
months before on occasion of remt>val fi'oni the citv. 



1 fi COMMITTEES. 

Mrs. Lewis Burton was appointed second vice- 
president to fill the vacancy. 

This was the first chana-e that occurred amonof the 
ofiicers. 

To the lists of volunteer committees that have heen 
given on pages 24 and 01, should here be added the 
names of Mrs. Soutiiwortii, Mrs. Dr. Artek, Mrs. 
Hunt, Miss Mary Maiian, Miss Ruth Kellogg, Miss 
Julia Kellogg, Miss Matilda Pickands and Mrs. 
Mary Bradford, who were faithful attendants at the 
Aid Kooms during this period and later in the history 
of the Society. 

The removal of so great a proportion of the troops 
from West Viro'inia and the centerino; of o-eneral 
interest ujion military oi^erations in the south-west, 
had to a great degree excluded from public attention 
the hospitals in the Kanawha Valley and at the posts 
maintained alone: the line of the Baltimore and Ohio 
railroad. 

The vicinity of Wheeling had been too heavily 
taxed to yield further supplies to the depot of the 
Sanitary Commission in that city, which was the base 
of relief work for West Virginia. The stores of that 
depot were at this time drawn almost wholly from 
the Rooms of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern 
Ohio. In no case had a request from that department 
been refused. 

Requisitions from the Sanitary agency at Leaven- 
worth, Kansas, came in from time to time and were 
answered by frequent shipments. 

These issues, however, formed only a small part of 



AN INSIDIOUS FOE. 107 

the disbursements of tlie Society; nearly everything 
l^eino; turned southward for the benefit of the two 
f^reat armies of the Cunil)erland and the Tennessee. 

The army of the Cumberland, resting upon the 
liard-earned field at Murfreesboro, was strengthening 
its lines for an advance upon the rebel host that lay 
entrenched about forty miles below, at Tullahoma, 
ready to dispute its progress. 

The morale of our army was excellent and the 
issues of food and clothing were abundant. The con- 
dition of the trooj^s could hardly have been raised, 
except in one respect. 

From being long confined to rations of salt pork, 
men in nearly every regiment were beginning to show 
unmistakable signs of scurvy. 

This evil was slow of discovery even by the sur- 
geons. The sick, brought to their notice at morning 
call, were sent to hospital, where slight variations in 
diet and the supplies of vegetables drawn from 
Sanitary stores checked the symptoms of this much- 
dreaded disease before they l)ecame really apparent. 
It was among the men in camp, those calling them- 
selves well, that this foe was making its insidious 
way. When its presence was detected it had already 
seriously threatened the effective force of the entire 
army. 

The medical authorities made strong representation 
of this fact, and government supplies of onions and 
potatoes were ordered, l)ut these issues were insufh- 
cient. The chief medical inspectors and directors of 
the department sent urgent request, by J^yail and 
telegraph to Dr. Newbekry, for the aid of the Sani- 



108 CAMPAIGN AGAINST SCURVY. 

tary Commission in battling this new and formidable 
enemy. 

Tlie answer to these appeals was a steamer load 
of vegetal)les despatched at once to Nashville and a 
promise on the part of the Sanitary Commission to 
send down, from its headquarters at Louisville, to the 
army of the Cum1)erland, one hundred ])arrels of 
onions and j^otatoes daily throughout the summer. 
This was to be a special issue to the men in camp, 
with direct reference to the war against scurvy, and 
an addition to the regular supplies furnished by the 
Commission to hospitals. 

For these daily shipments of vegetables and for all 
the su2:>plies of the Sanitary Commission, the General 
Commanding furnished am23le transj^ortation. The 
officers of the department seconded this relief work 
with gi'eat cordiality. 

To fulhl its promise to the army of the Cumber- 
land, the Sanitary Commission was obliged to make 
purchases of vegetables, to invoke the [ strenuous 
efforts of the supply Branches and to send canvassing 
ao;ents tlirou2i;h the rich farmino; districts of the 
north-west. 

The Branches of the Western Department quickly 
apprehended the importance of this new movement 
and entered with enthusiasm upon their duties. The 
honorable record of Detroit, Buffalo, Pittsburgh, 
Cincinnati and Chicas-o is to be found elsewhere. The 
present report will touch only upon the action of the 
Cleveland Bi-anch in the grand campaign against 
scurvy. . uv' 

On receiving from the Central office at Louisville 



THE VEGETABLE RAID. 109 

clespatclies announcing the urgency of the case and 
the })rompt measures taken by the Sanitary Commis- 
sion, the Cleveland Branch pledged itself to forward 
to Louisville one car load of vegetables per week, 
throughout the summer, in addition to its regular 
shipments in the same direction. 

In giving this pledge, the Society stepped over the 
l)0unds of recognized duty in the sujiply department, 
which had not until now extended beyond the for- 
warding of Iwsjiital stores. Regiments on duty or in 
camp had been left to the care of quartermaster and 
commissary, and all interference with these officials 
was scrupulously avoided. Even the vegetables hitli- 
erto sent to the front had been designed exclusively 
for hospital use. 

But it seemed clearly within the sphere of army 
relief to furnish the " ounce of ])revention " which 
proverbially outweighs even the " pound of cure." 

Now began what was known among the aid 
societies of Northern Ohio as the " errand vecretable 
raid " of the Sanitary Commission. 

. Published appeals, circulars and j^t'i'sonal letters 
wakened the generosity of the public and prejiared 
the way for the canvassing committees that were sent 
out through every township by the officers of each 
little society. The members of county military 
committees often assumed this duty of canvassing. 
Nearly every school district could furnish some active, 
earnest man whose love for his country or his own 
'~*"*l^iWJ3oy impelled him to aid in collecting. In 

.c^ral instances, the good women of a feel^le Aid 
Society took this work into their own hands. Driving 



110 CANVASSING AND LECTURING. 

their horse from door to door, they j^ersistently 
assailed their neighbors, sliaming into wonderful 
generosity even the grudging giver. 

Towns and villages vied with each otlier in the 
amount of sup])lies furnished. A cross-roads settle- 
ment sent as one instalment twenty-eight l>arrcls of 
potatoes. One little village forwarded sixty barrels. 
Every town within shipping distance of Cleveland 
sent again and again its offering. 

Three agents employed by the Sanitary Conunission, 
Key. Wm. C. Tukner, Kev. N. P. Bailey and Dr. H. 
C. CoATEs, were acting in Northern Oliio as the apos- 
tles of its cause, their lecturing tour marked out l)y 
the ladies of the Cleveland Branch. 

Wherever a feeble society gave signs of decay, or 
prejudicial rumors or internal dissensions threatened 
the disintegration of a valuable auxiliary, one of these 
agents was desired to go, to strengthen the hands of 
the faithful and to l)ring his own personal knowledge 
of Sanitary work at the fi'ont against ignorance or 
mischievous hearsay. 

These lectures were under the inmiediate superin- 
tendence of the Aid Society of the town where they 
were given, and were free to the public unless the 
local society chose to fix an entrance fee for the 
benefit of its own treasury. All personal expenses of 
these agents were paid l>y the general Commission. 
Their railroad fare was usually reduced to half rates 
by the kindness of railroad officials. The ladies of 
country societies often lessened the expenses by enter- 
taining: the airents at their own liouses, and in all cases 
treated them with great cordiality and gladly accepted 
their aid. 



PUKCHASING VEGETABLES. Ill 

These home agents were instructed to give special 
weight to their appeals for vegetables, pickles and all 
farm and dairy products. 

At the close of the lecture the agent \vould some- 
times telegraph to the Cleveland Aid Rooms, stating 
the number of bushels pledged. Empty barrels and 
sacks would then be sent from Cleveland to secure 
the supplies which the farmers brought to the nearest 
railroad station in l)ulk. Thus every eftbrt was made 
to ensure the co-operation of the farming community. 

The Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula railroad 
company on several occasions furnished cars to be 
loaded at way stations with vegetables consigned to 
the Cleveland Aid Rooms. For these and many other 
favors the Society is indebted to the kindness of Mr. 
H. Nottingham, superintendent of that road. 

The Cleveland Branch used freely of its means to 
purchase potatoes and onions, and became the agent 
of the general Sanitary Commission in making very 
heavy purchases of vegetal^les and in forwarding large 
lots that were bought in northern New York. These 
purchased vegetables were delivered in Cleveland hy 
the car or boat-load in bulk. The barrelinir and 
shipping were superintended by the ladies of the 
Society. 

The purchasing of vegetables was done very (piietly 
and through a third party, lest, should it become 
known that the Sanitary Commission had entered the 
market as a buyer, the price of these products might 
rise, and some prudent holders be disposed to sell 
what otherwise they would Avillingly have given 
away. 



1 12 ^^PE^TAL ( AKS. 

The pledge of the Cleveland Soeiet}' to tlie Sanitciiy 
Commission was more than fulfilled throuirhout this 
summer. 

Unlimited favors of transportation were atforded 
1)V the Cleveland, Columlnis and Cincinnati railroad 
company, both to contributed and purchased supplies. 
Special cars were always furnished to the Societ>'. 
These were run off upon a side ti'ack at the depot 
and could there be loaded at leisure. Attached to 
freight or passenger trains, they were hurried forward, 
and any accidental detention Avas promptly I'emedied 
by the ever courteous officials of the road. Cars 
secured by the Aid Society padlock received especial 
attention and seemed to have the ri^-ht of way l^efore 
all others. For these favors the Aid Societv would 
make o-rateful acknowledi2:ment to Messrs. L. M. 
Hubby, president, E. S. Flixt, su])erintendent, and 
A. Kills, general freight agent of the Cleveland, 
Columbus and Cincinnati railroad. 

If the Sanitary Commission had built a railroad of 
its own throuo'h Ohio it could scarcely have been 
more independent in matters of transj^tortation. 

Aecompanied by a shipping agent of the Sanitary 
Commission, the stores sent down from Cleveland 
were transferred at Cincinnati to the mail boat and 
consiirned to the Central office at Louisville, AVlien 
they arrived there, the responsibility of the Cleveland 
Branch ended. 

At Louisville, supplies were divided into two great 
streams of beneficence, — one flowing southward over 
the Louisville and Nashville railroad towards the 
army of the Cumberland, the other following the 



ANOTHER JOUKNEY. 113 

course of the Ohio and Mississi])pi rivers to the aimy 
of the Tennessee, still thundering at the gates of 
Vicksluirg. Here the supply ^vork of the Western 
and the United States Sanitary Conunissions was in 
full and splendid operation. Their agents Avere dis- 
pensing with so liberal a hand as almost to justify 
the saying, some months later, " potatoes and onions 
captured Vicksburg ! " 

May 5th, the secretary of the Cleveland Aid Society 
left home for Louisville, Nashville and Murfreesboro, 
which was still " the front " of the army of the 
Ciuuberland. This trip embraced three weeks of 
sight-seeing and hospital visiting, and was undertaken 
with the double purpose of recreation from office 
duties and of gaining accurate and vivid ideas of 
relief-work in the held that might be used to advan- 
tage in stimulating supplies at home. 

Two ladies of the Norwalk Branch were of the 
party, Avliich enjoyed the escort of Dr. A. N. Read, 
chief Inspector of the Sanitary Commission in that 
department. 

At Cincinnati and Louisville, visits were paid to 
the Soldiers' Homes, the hospitals, the offices and 
vvarehouses of the Sanitary Commission and to many 
places which war had invested with ne\v interest. 

Leaving Louisville for Nashville, the luggage of 
the travelers was inspected by the proper officer who, 
after satisfying himself that the ladies ^vere not carry- 
ing to the enemy any " aid or comfort " in the shape 
of morphine, quinine or ammunition, placed across 
each keydiole a little strip of white muslin, duly 



lU 



TRAVELING IN DIXIE, 



fastened alcove and below with an ostentatious bit of 
red wax upon wliicli was set tlie seal of Uncle Sam's 
approval. Provided witli military passes, in wliicli 
name, age, weight, height, color of eyes and hair, and 
undoul)ted loyalty were conspicuously recorded, the 
party ^vas admitted to seats in the cars of the Louis- 
ville and Nashville railroad. 

Bardstown, Leljanon Junction, Elizabethtdwn, No- 
lin, Bacon Creek and Munfordsville were all passed, 
in turn. It was difficult to associate these places 
with the former visit or to realize that the red waves 
of war had only one year before rolled over hills now 
covered ^vitli verdure and fields now rich with ripen- 



ing gram. 



But after dashing through the tunnels, creeping 
over the bridges and curving around the angles of 
the Muldraugh hills, the train moved more cautiously. 
The guard retired into stockade cars and with cocked 
rifles kept a sharp watch upon the hillsides ; throw- 
ing suspicious glances — and an occasional pistol shot 
— into the clumps of l^rushwood, for here was a 
stronghold of guerilla rule. The passengers were 
instructed to throw themselves upon the floor of the 
car at the first volley of musketry, receiving the 
comforting assurance that if they were to be " gobbled 
up " anywhere on the road, that interesting ceremony 
Avould take place at this stage of the journey ! 

Thanks to the vigilance of the brave soldiers who 
guarded every bridge and patrolled every cross-road, 
the guerillas were restrained from paying their com- 
pliments to this train. A sharp skirmish-fire, seen 
from the car window at the distance of half a mile, 
gave excitement, Avithout danger, to the journey. 



SIGHT- SEEING. 115 

At Nashville the travelers became the guests of the 
Sanitary Commission household. Establishing head- 
quarters there, they spent day after day in visiting the 
hospitals, the camps lying out upon the hillsides, the 
fortifications, the convalescent (quarters, with their 
blooming and fruitful gardens, the Sanitary Connnis- 
sion supply depot and warehouses, and the Soldiers' 
Home. 

They further tempted fate by trips to Franklin 
and Murfreesboro, which were the outposts of two 
branches of the main army, encountering, however, 
nothing more hazardous than a railroad break-down 
and detention in a guerilla-haunted forest. 

During a stay of some days at Murfreesboro the 
party had unusual opportunities for seeing the army 
in camp and hospital, through the kindness of M. C. 
Read, Esq., agent of the Sanitary Commission, in 
charge there, and the courteousness of General Rose- 
CRANs and staif, who gave every fiicility of transporta- 
tion and escort. 

The fortifications, then considered a triumph of 
military engineering, the signal stations and the 
ordnance and commissary depots w^ere visited, and the 
battle-field of Stone River, — still strewn with the 
wreck of war and furro^ved with countless graves. 

For months the Sanitary Commission had been felt 
as a power for good in that army, and its agents and 
their w^ork were in cordial favor with officers and 
men. It was pleasant indeed to the visitors, as they 
passed from tent to tent of the evergreen-shaded 
camps, to hear this acknowledged and to see that it 
was true. 



116 



A CHEERING KEPOKT. 



Hospitals, convalescent camps, Sanitary gardens and 
the hospital train upon which they journeyed back to 
Nashville, told the same tale, so cheering to carry 
home to the faithful laborers in Ohio. 

It was the endeavor upon returning from this trip 
to the front, as on all similar occasions, to stir afresh 
the sympathies of the army of home-workers and to 
evoke their increased activity by representing to the 
Branch Societies, through published articles and per- 
sonal letters, the impressions that had been gained 
from observation of Sanitary work in the army. 



CHAPTER VII. 

To the zealous workers in the home field thei'e 
soon came the joyful news that liberal contributions 
and prompt shipment of vegetables had already stayed 
the progress of the much dreaded disease. In the 
same breath they were warned that it was of the last 
importance to continue these supplies so long as the 
season would allow, in order to confirm the health of 
the army and strengthen it for the trials which a 
sudden and severe engagement ^vould involve. 

So the good woi'k went on, and when planting 
time came, farmers and gardeners were exhorted to lay 
out a " soldiers' acre." Even children were encourair<?d 
to turn their little garden spots into an onion bed, 
and this was very generally done. One Sunday school 
on the borders of Pennsylvania formed itself into a 
"Union Garden Aid Society" and cultivated a large 
piece of ground which yielded well to the soldiers. 

At that time local political organizations called the 
Union League were springing u}) all over the State. 
The children soon parodied this in their Onion leagues, 
formed in many country towns. The sign '* Onion 
League," painted on a fluttering Hag or l)it of l)oard, 
was often conspicuous over a patch of ground where 
these patriotic little gardeners might have been seen 



\ I 7 



118 THE " ONION LEAGUE. 

pulling the weeds and impatiently waiting for the 
reward of their industry. 

The assemblies of the Union League, mentioned 
al>ove, and of the military mass meetings and loyal 
conventions often proved a harvest to the aid socie- 
ties of the towns where they were held. At the close 
of such a meeting some one would propose "three 
cheers for the soldiers and a collection for the sick 
and Avounded," or the ladies of the local society would 
lay a net for these unwary leaguers by spreading a 
tempting supper-table or opening a " dining-tent " 
during the session of the convention. 

The officers of the Cleveland Society, on hearing of 
one or two ventures of this kind, issued, June 15th, 
Circular No. 11, advising their auxiliaries to seize 
similar occasions whenever presented, reminding them 
that strawberry season is the witching time for fairs, 
festivals and moonlight picnics, and that the ap])roach- 
ino- " fourth " offered o-reat inducements for entertain- 
ments. 

The suggestions of this circular were followed by 
nearly every branch society and always with success. 
A picnic or festival under the auspices of an aid 
society was sure to be well patronized. 

The little girls caught this spirit of charitable 
merry-making and devoted their play hours to hold- 
ing mimic bazaars and fairs, bringing with great pride 
their gains to the Aid Rooms. 

So lively w^as the interest of the people of Northern 
Ohio in the welfare of their soldier friends and broth- 
ers, that it was only necessary to suggest the wants of 
a hospital in order to ensure quick and hearty aid in 
any proposed measure of relief. 



THE SANITAKY llEPOKTER. 110 

The tributary societies naturally looked to the 
Cleveland Aid Rooms for instruction, and it was the 
endeavor to engage this enthusiastic co-operation and 
turn it in the right direction Ly issuing frequent 
circulars, by preparing articles weekly for the city and 
country papers and by reporting fully upon the pi'o- 
gress of relief- work at the front. 

A much valued agency for this purpose was the 
" Sanitaiy lieporter" which appeared in June of this 
year. 

The SANrrARY Reporter was a semi-monthly news- 
])a]^)er established by the Secretary of the Western 
Department, and was issued from the Central office 
at Louisville. It was published, as its prospectus 
announced, "for gratuitous distribution among the 
soldiers' aid societies and that portion of the peojile 
of the loyal states who care to l)e informed of the 
objects and work of the Sanitary Commission and 
who desire information as to the state of the army, its 
necessities and the best way to supply them." 

Seven hundred and fifty copies of each issue of the 
Sanitary Reporter were mailed by the Cleveland 
Branch to its auxiliary societies and to its friends in 
Ohio and Pennsylvania. 

The interesting letters and reports which this little 
paper contained were read aloud at the sewing meet- 
ings of many of the aid societies, nor did its mission 
end here. It was afterwards circulated through the 
neighborhood, that new friends might be gained to 
the Sanitary Commission in those who read this 
record of its efficiency. 

The mailing of the Sanitary Reporter and of the 



120 MAILING DOCUMENTS. 

Sanitary Bulletin, — a semi-monthly pamphlet estab- 
lished in November, 1863, by the Eastern Department 
of the Commission, — added greatly to the duties of 
the document committee. 

The total number of Reporters, Bulletins and docu- 
ments of the general Commission issued by the 
Cleveland Branch is seventy-four thousand seven 
hundred and seventy-five. This, added to twenty- 
nine thousand five hundred and twenty-five copies of 
the Society's own publications, makes the total issue 
from the Document Committee at Cleveland reach one 
hundred and four thousand three hundred. This 
estimate is exclusive of minor circulars, blanks, cards 
and directions for work, and of several thousand 
copies of loyal league publications. 

It is a pleasure to recall and to acknowledge here the 
services of Mrs. Geo. Willey, Mrs. John M. Sterling, 
Jr., Miss Vaughan, Miss Stewart, Miss Anna Bald- 
win and Miss Annie Carter, members of the Docu- 
ment Committee during a period of more than two 
years of its heaviest duties. The names of other 
ladies who served on this committee earlier in the 
war are given on page 69. 

All mail matter issued from the Cleveland Aid 
Rooms was post free, through an informal arrange- 
ment effected with the Post Office Department by 
some friends of the Society. This favor was enjoyed 
from March, 1862, till April, 1865, and it enabled the 
Society to distribute its own documents and those of 
the Sanitary Commission more widely than the heavy 
expense of postage would have justified. 

Besides circulating Sanitary documents, the Society 



GOOD NEWS. 121 

distributed in the army several thousand pamphlets 
of the Union League and Loyal Puldication houses 
of Philadelphia, New York and Boston. It seemed 
to the ladies as clearly their duty to confirm the moral 
and political health of the soldier as to minister to 
his physical welfare. Therefore, every publication 
that gave out the ring of ti'ue loyalty was assidu 
ously circulated in hospital and camp. 

Direct advices from Nashville and Murfreesl)oro, in 
June of this year, gave a cheering view of the sanitary 
condition of the army of the Cumberland. 

The Nashville hospitals were nearly all cleared of 
inmates and all the hospitals in the town of Murfrees- 
boro were closed, the few sick or unlit for duty being 
sent to the held hospital or convalescent camp. 

The hospital cars of the Sanitary Commission had 
been constantly transporting sick and discharged 
soldiers from Murfreesboro to Nashville, where, after 
the needful rest in the Soldiers' Home, they were 
again forwarded by hospital train to Louisville, thence 
to be sent to the hospitals nearest their homes, in 
accordance with late orders of the Surgeon General. 

The agents of the Sanitary Commission were still 
issuing vegetal)les to men in camp, and the sick were 
well sup])lied from the hos])ital gardens, ^^'llich now 
Ijegan to ])rove their value. 

These gardens had been established at Nashville 
and Murfrees})oro on suggestion of the Sanitary 
Commission, upon ground conhscated for the i)urpose 
by order of General Roseorans, who showed much 
interest in the ])roject. The seeds and garden imple- 



122 SANITARY GARDENS. 

ments were furnislied by the Commission. Conva- 
lescent soldiers were detailed to do the garden work, 
planting and weeding a few hours each day as 
strength would permit. 

So much pride had many of them in this work that 
they transplanted wild flowers from the woods to 
ornament the borders and pathways. 

Hearing of this attempt at horticulture and desirous 
to encourage it, one of the young ladies of the 
Cleveland Branch solicited from the green-houses of 
her friends more than a hundred pots of choice roses, 
geraniums, verbenas and other bedding-out plants 
and also obtained from the seedsmen large packages 
of flower seeds. The Aid Society added to this gift 
by purchasing a barrel of dahlia l)ulbs. All were 
forwarded to the hospital gardens by the American 
Express company, fi'ee of charge, and were soon grow- 
ing finely. 

Tlie following description of the Sanitary Gardens 
at Chattanooga was written a year later T)y the young 
lady whose efforts to beautify the soldiers' flower-beds 
have just 1)een mentioned : 

" Cliattanooo-a, situated in tlie midst of the valley, on the banks of the 
Tennessee, and surrounded by an amphitheatre of hills, was once noted for 
its beauty. Shady, carefully kept groves of ancient trees covered the hills 
and plains, and the houses were surrounded by gardens that bloomed with 
the most exquisite flowers. The plains around the houses were dotted with 
fine plantations where were raised the magnificent crops for which East 
Tennessee is so celebrated. Now the plains are swept literally bare, so 
that guns on Fort Wood can command the whole valley from Mission 
Ridge around to Cameron Hill, and the town itself is reduced to an army 
post, hot, dusty, and swarming with soldiers. A walk in any direction 
brings you into a deserted camp, and you stumble over old shoes, ragged, 
torn coats and rusty canteens, telling of where our soldiers lived, before, 
following the universal custom of Yankees on the first of May, they " moved " 



A DESCRIPTION. 123 

in search of better quarters. But one tiling redeems this sad picture of the 
havoc that war has made at Chattanooga, and that is the Sanitary Gardens, 
consisting of a hundred and fifty acres, given by the General Commanding 
to the United States Sanitary Commission, to be cultivated for the benefit 
of the sick and wounded soldiers. These gardens lie along the banks of 
the Tennessee, about three-ijuarters of a mile from the town, up the river. 
The only approach to them is across a narrow bridge over a little creek, 
and should you attempt to enter, an imperative " halt " from the sentry 
with leveled bayonet disagreeably reminds you that passes, anywhere and 
everywhere and for all sorts of reasons, are the most essential things in 
Dixie. Once through that barrier, you find yourself upon a level plain, 
with long rows of onions, beets, turnips, parsnips, etc., stretching away 
from you on either hand. In one corner of the field you notice a detach- 
ment of Uncle Sam's " unbleached American " children in their neat blue 
uniforms, hoeing away for dear life at the potatoes, as they never hoed 
before at " de cotton and de corn." The hundred and fifty acres do not lie 
together, but are separated by a creek or arm of the river into different 
fields, so that Mr. Wills, the head gardener, has been able to separate his 
crops, taking one entire field for potatoes, another for corn, and still another 
for onions, etc. The whole garden is now planted. Nearly in the center 
of the garden is an Indian mound, so elevated above the plain that, stand- 
ing on its top, you can at a glance take in the whole magnificent scenery. 
At your left lies the blue Tennessee, glittering out from beyond Mission 
Kidge and winding through the valley to the base of Lookout, tangling 
the hills in a silver braid ; opposite, on the Ridge, is that fatal cornfield 
where Sherman fought so long and so well, and the heights our brave men 
stormed and won, and further on towards the right stands old Lookout, a 
great sentinel, visible for miles away. The sides of this beaiitiful mound 
are now green with lettuce, radishes, mustard, etc., but when these are 
gone the mound will be a fragrant bouquet of fiowers from foot to summit. 
In the center of the level space on the top is a tent with rustic seats around, 
and the Sanitary Commission proposes to give Cleveland the honor of 
placing a Union flag over the tent, an emblem of the benevolence as well 
as the patriotism of the loyal North. Near the mound are the tents and 
accommodations for the workmen and teams. Besides a large force perma- 
nently employed, Mr. M. C. Read, of Hudson, 0., the Agent of the Commis- 
sion, to whom the success of the gardens is chiefly due, has obtained from 
the Government one company to be stationed there as guards, and also a 
company from one of the colored regiments to assist in cultivating. He 
employs from twenty to thirty horses and mules in plowing and teaming. 
Every day ambulances fi-om the various hospitals are sent to the gardens, 
and these return laden with the bounties that nature so readily yields to 
a willing, industrious hand. Already hundreds of bushels of lettuce and 
other greens have been given to the hospitals at Chattanooga and on 



124 A PIC-NIC DINNER. 

Lookout, and should the abundant harvests that are now promised j>row to 

a reality, there will be vegetables enout>'li to supply all the hospitals at 

that point during the coming summer and fall. Early in April Mr. Read 

discovered four tine vineyards along the line of the railroad beyond Mission 

liidge, and on application to Gen. Thomas they were placed under his 

control. The vines are cultivated on short poles, and when I saw them a 

few weeks ago the grapes were set in large quantities. How refreshing 

to our sutfering soldiers, who have lain for nearly three months in crowded 

wards imder the burning Southern sun, will be this delicious fruit next 

fall ! For, sad to say, it takes months for a wound to heal, and the patience 

of a soldier must be even greater than his braverv. 

C. 

All occasion for giving a little pleasure to tlie 
soldiers in the city camp svas presented in tlie 
appi'oacliing fourtli of July, and tlie ladies of the 
Aid Society arranged a })icnic dinner for the four 
hnndred inmates of Canip Cleveland military hospital. 

The Aid llooms on Bank street and a In'ancli depot 
on the west side of the city Avere the ap})ointed 
receiving-stations for viands of every description. 
So liberal were the supplies that an abundant feast 
was spread not only for the patients and all inmates 
of the hos])ital Imt also for the eight hundred recruits 
in camp. 

Besides these contributions in kind, from the ladies 
of the city and vicinity, there were many gifts of 
money from gentlemen, on behalf of the soldiers' 
dinner. 

The Aid Society at this time received several "ben- 
efits" of which it may be j)roper to make special 
mention. 

From the finance committee of the Union Mass 
Convention held in the city came the welcome o-ift 
of three hundred dollars, being the surplus of an 
amount collected from citizens to defray the expenses 



A GLORIOUS " FOURTH. 125 

of that assembly. The young people of Ashtabula 
sent in one hundred and fourteen dollars, the avails 
of a successful amateur concert. The scholars of Mrs. 
Day's school held a pleasant bazaar by which seventy- 
five dollars ^vere raised for the soldiers. Four little 
girls on St. Clair street planned a school-i'oom fair 
and sent in twenty-nine dollars as the result, and 
there were many other little fixirs among the children. 
One very little girl brought to the Aid Kooms a 
dollar Avhich had been sent to her by her soldiei' 
brother to be spent in fire works for her anuisement 
on the fourth of July. 

The " glorious fourth " da\vned and Avas duly cele- 
brated in the Northern States, while prayers for our 
brave armies breathed from each loyal heart and 
tempered yet intensified every j^'^ti'iotic utterance. 

All day long the electric wires trembled with the 
distant mutteriugs of l^attle, and before another day 
had ended a shout of triumph and thanksgiving 
pealed through the North. 

Glad tidings of victory had Inirst upon us from the 
West, only to be caught up and re-echoed by the exult- 
ant armies of the East. 

Vicksburg, the Gibraltar of the enemy, had fallen 
before its gallant besiegers, and in the East the hordes 
that had overrun and devastated a portion of one 
of our fairest northern states, and proudly threatened 
to bring the horrors of war to our very doors, had 
been met at Gettyslnirg and driven back in confusion 
and defeat. 



12(\ TBIELY SUPPLIES. 

The brilliant generalship and heroic deeds of these 
battle-fields absorbed the first glad moments of 
triumph. 

Soon, tli(3 heart-sickening details of the struggle ; 
the names of those who were, but are not ; and of 
those Avho with maimed and shattered limbs had been 
gathered into the temporary shelter of improvised 
hospitals, began to reach the eye and to fall like a 
death-stroke upon the heart of many a Rachel, be- 
wailing her dead or mourning with yet keener anguish 
for him whose f\ite is shrouded in the dread uncer- 
tainty that hangs over the unrecorded history of the 
battle-field. 

While watching with intense anxiety the progress 
of the siege of Vicksburg, it had been a joy to know 
that the sufferers in our army Avere not to wait the 
tardy coming of supplies gathered and sent forward 
after the news of battle had reached the ears of their 
northern friends. 

Into the general storehouses of the Sanitary Com- 
mission at Louisville and Cairo had flowed the 
contributions of all the northern Branches, and these 
supplies were thus concentrated only to be distributed 
among the sub-depots still nearer the army. Thanks 
to the well organized system of supply-steamers that 
for months had been running upon the Ohio and 
Mississippi, the Sanitary stations at the front now 
contained stores suited to the exigencies of the situa- 
tion. These were soon largely increased by the 
carg-oes of several steamers that had been sent in 
anticipation of this special need and were far on their 
way down the river when the victory was announced. 



A THANK-OFFEEING. 127 

The capture of Vicksbiirg opened the Mississippi 
river as a broad channel into which to pour the gifts 
of a people grateful from the dejiths of their ]oyal 
hearts for the repossession of the great connnercial 
highway that secession had so long usurped. 

The Sanitary supply-steamers followed closely in 
tlie wake of our victorious gunboats and our reviving 
river trade, and it was the ambition of every northern 
Branch to send them Liden with a thank-oftering to 
the brave men ^vho had taken part in the struggle 
that resulted so gloriously to our cause. 

The eastern Branches of the Sanitary Commission 
were nobly, at work among the wounded at Gettys- 
burg, The value of the principal Sanitary suj^plies 
given out upon that fiekl during the four weeks after 
the battle, is estimated at seventy-five thousand dollars. 

In compliance with suggestions received from the 
Central office, the Cleveland Branch Commission 
held its stores ready for any need that might arise at 
Gettysburg, l:)ut no call was made for them, and the 
forwarding of a fe^v boxes of surgeons' supplies, on 
special request of the Pittsburgh Branch, was the 
extent of its work in Gettysburg hospitals. 

The relief that the Cleveland Branch o-ave to the 
wounded of Gettysburg was confined to the hospitali- 
ties rendered to those of them who, returning on 
furlough to their homes in the West, sought rest and 
refreshment in the Depot Hospital. 

The Depot Hospital, from its establishment in 
April, 1862 — see page 51 — had been a haven of 
rest to many a worn and broken traveler. No part 
of the relief-work recorded in this volume was more 



128 KETURNING HEROES. 

successful or brouglit more cheering returns than that 
which was done within its walls. 

Not a day passed but some waif from the eM)-tide 
of war's crimson river was cast Avithin reach, and when 
the ilood-gates of battle Avere opened, the capacity of 
this little wayside-inn was often tested to the utmost. 

In August of this year, the return through Cleve- 
land of fourteen regiments of New England soldiers, 
heroes of Port Hudson, gave occasion for offering 
personal care to the many feeble and disabled and 
refreshment to all. 

In these offices of hospitality the Society recognized 
no new duties, no stepping aside from tlie purposes of 
its organization. It Avas only that tlie objects of care 
had come nearer, had been brought to tlie very door, 
so that with outstretched hand they coidd reach the 
comforts that until now liad l)een sent by trusty 
at'-ents and through well known clumnels to the far-off 
regions of trial and suffering from which they had 
just been released. 

The presence of tliese reginu'uts -wakened an enthu- 
siastic benevolence that is an honor to the citizens of 
Cleveland. 

The response to the calls of the Aid Society for 
table supplies or delicacies for the sick was unflagging 
and most generous. A\'ines and other stimulants 
Avere even lavishlv ijriven and Avere of the choicest 
(piality. Fruits and vegetables were plentiful, soup 
and broth and delicate morsels of sick diet were sent 
tt) tempt the feeble api)etite. Everything that gener- 
osity could provide or the skill of the housewife 
prepare Avas offered in abundance. 



A rORESII ADO WING. 129 

The sympathy of many was sliown by tlieir constant 
personal attendance upon the sick in tlie Depot Hos- 
pital, where the gravest cases ^ve^e carried on the 
arrival of each train. 

The details of this work are properly embraced in 
the special relief service of the Society. A sketch of 
the rece])tion of these Port Ilndson regiments will be 
found in the accompanying Special lielief Report. 

This experience in the entertainment of returning 
regiments was only a foreshadowing of the duties that 
later months of the war would develoj). 

The accommodations of the little Depot Hospital 
were barely sufficient for invalid soldiers coming 
singly or in small squads, and care could ])e better 
and more conveniently given to these under other 
arrangements. For the reception of any considerable 
numl)er of sick and certainly for offering hospitality 
to a regiment, more space and greater facilities were 
indispensable. 

The time had come when these were needed, and 
the darling project of Iniilding a Soldiers' Home 
became an all-absorbing subject of consultation at 
the Aid Rooms. 

How to raise the money for this, was the first and 
most important question. The current expenses of 
the Society were daily becoming heavier as its supply 
work steadily increased. It w^as clear that nothing 
could be spared from the monthly receipts. The 
California fund was held sacred to the purchase of 
material and hos2)ital stores and it was not thought 
right to divert any portion of it to this new enterprise. 
The Soldiers' Homes in most other Northern cities 



130 A NEW PROJECT. 

were local institutions built l)y contributions of citi- 
zens. 

After much (leli],)eration it was resolved to appl}' 
directly to the lousiness men of the city for money 
to erect the building, and trust to some i)lan of 
evening entertainments for the support of the Home 
when once it was oj^ened. 

This was decided with o;reat hesitation since it had 
always been the pride of the officers to avoid personal 
solicitation of money. There seemed, however, a 
peculiar propriety in asking from the citizens of 
Cleveland a direct contribution for this specific object. 
It was believed that every man wlio invested his 
money in such a building would at the same time 
take stock of interest and good will in the ^v<)rk to 
which it was devoted, and would feel a citizen's pride 
in sustaining a local charity whicli he had helped to 
establish. 

When this method of raisino- money was decided 
upon, the lirst vice-president and treasurer and one 
member of the Society sacrificed their distaste to the 
requirements of this new duty and, with the escoi't of 
two gentlemen who cordially favored the plan, called 
upon the business men, presented the need of a 
Soldiers' Home and asked for the means to 1)uild it. 

In two da}s of this canvassing, seventeen hundred 
dollars ^s^ere collected. Later contrilnitions increased 
this amount to two thousand dollars, more than suffi- 
cient to erect the proposed l)uilding. This includes 
the estimates of luml)er secured from lumber dealers 
by solicitation of the president of the Society. 

A buildino; spot was ixiven l)y the Cleveland and 



CLEVELAND SOLDIERs' HOME. 131 

Columl)us railroad company, adjoining the Union 
railroad depot and well located for tlie purpose. 
Plans and specifications of the Louisville Home were 
furnished by Dr. Newberry. These were submitted 
to Mr. Rais-dall Crawford, who volunteered to 
modify and ada23t them, to purchase materials and to 
engage and superintend the workmen. The work 
was pushed forward rapidly enough to satisfy even 
the ladies of the Society, who watched its progress 
with eager impatience. 

December 12th, 186-3, the Cleveland Soldiers' 
HojrE was opened and dedicated to the special relief 
work which is detailed in the accompanying report. 
It will there be seen that the building, at first twenty- 
two feet wide and two hundred feet long, was 
increased by subsequent additions to an area of 
sixty- three hundred and eighty square feet ; that 
fifty-seven thousand six hundred and nine soldiers 
found temporary shelter there, to whom one hundred 
and eleven thousand nine hundred and one meals, and 
twenty-nine thousand nine hundred and seventy-four 
lodgings were given ; and that its hosj^itable doors 
were never closed till long after the happy return of 
peace. 

As summer advanced and the heaviei- lal)ors of 
harvest season were over, all friends in the country 
were enjoined to begin a vigorous work in their aid 
societies, that winter weather might not cause sutfer- 
ino; from lack of comforts that mio-ht have l)een 
furnished. 

Dried fruits, pickles, krout and vegetables were 



132 THE summer's avork. 

placed prominently upon tlie list of mueli needed 
supplies. Housekeepers were admonished to remem- 
ber the sick soldier as they prepared the winter's 
stock of dried fruit and pickles for their own families. 
Blackberries in wine, cordial, jam, oi- sinipl)- dried 
were sought for by those in charge of hospitals. This 
fruit had medicinal virtues peculiarly suited to clieck 
the diseases then prevalent in our army. 

The many boys and girls who Avere daily asking 
"What can we do for the soldiers?'' were soon called 
upon to form a volunteer regiment to pick the T)erries 
which the ladies of the country societies would then 
prepare for hospital use. 

Societies Avere urged to replenish their funds by 
subscription or solicitation in order to furnish material 
for the Aveekly meetings through the autumn. The 
young ladies of each toAvn Avere invited to take upon 
themselA^es the Avork of collection and to make it their 
duty to supply funds for the local aid society. 

August Gth, appointed by President Lincolin' as a 
day of national thanksgiving for the success of the 
Union armies, seemed an approj^riate time for a thank- 
offering to Avounded soldiers. A request Avas made to 
the pastors of the city churches to take up a collec- 
tion at the close of religious services upon that day. 
Clergymen throughout Northern Ohio Avere desired to 
influence the gifts of their churches toAvard the sup- 
port of the local aid societies. 

It Avas not knoAvn, at the time of making this sug- 
gestion, that the Christian Commission had just sent 
a similar request to each loyal pulpit in l)ehalf of its 
OAvn relief Avork in army and naA^y. As soon as this 



was discovered no furtlier action was taken in tlie 
matter by the Aid Society. Tlie contributions of 
several city cliurclies were handed in, aggregating two 
hundred and twenty-five dollars. Some country aid 
societies received the collections made in their 
churclies, but the money contributed on that day was 
mostly sent to the treasury of the Christian Commis- 
sion at Philadelphia. 

No other attempt was made this summer to raise 
money, exce23t the special collection for building the 
Soldiers' Home, which has been mentioned. 

The California fund had been freely drawn upon 
in purchasing vegetables for the warfare against 
scurvy and in keeping the work committee supplied 
with material. 

All material furnished to Branch societies was cut 
at the Aid Rooms by economical and experienced 
hands, and sent out in packages of ten, twenty or 
thirty garments. Each j)ackage was charged against 
the society to which it w^s sent and the finished 
garments were credited and acknowledged in print as 
" returned work." 

Promise of such aid was never given until other 
means of maintaining the vigor of a society had 
been faithfully tried, and then this was offered as a 
temporary support, to be withdrawn so soon as 
independent standing was regained. 

As the nature of hospital supplies changed from 
this time and now represented a greater money value 
but less amount of time in preparation, it was neces- 
sary to give the ofiicers of Branch societies more 
support, in furnishing work .l^y Avhich they could 



134 SUSTAINING THE IIO]ME. 

snstcain their sewing meetings and prevent the falling 
off of members while vegetables, pickles and krout 
were being gathered for the army. 

The suppl3--work of the Society had been heavy 
this summer and its responsibilities in sustaining its 
feebler Branches and in supplying the Soldiers' Home 
^vere increasing and requiring more liberal outlay. 

It was designed to sustain the Home by raising a 
fund especially for that j^urpose and quite independ- 
ent of the resources of the supply department. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

In August of this year the managers of tlie Chicago 
Branch Sanitary Commision had announced a " Sani- 
tary Fair," to be held in that city during the coining 
Octol)er. Vast preparations had been going forward 
through the summer, and, with an enthusiasm that 
was regarded chimerical, the Chicago ladies had de- 
clared their belief that twenty-five thousand dollars 
would be cleared by this project. 

The president, vice-president and treasurer of the 
Cleveland Branch accepted an invitation to attend the 
Chicago fair and spent three days in that whirlpool 
of enthusiastic charity, where the flood of benevo- 
lence swelled the hoped-for sum of twenty-five 
thousand to a real benefit of seventy-eight thousand 
dollars. 

The spirit of emulation excited by the wonderful 
success of the Chicago Fair gave rise, in other cities, 
to a series of Sanitary fairs, — the most splendid 
exhibitions of charity that the world has ever known, 
— which opened a new era in the history of benevo- 
lent eftbrt. In these magnificent fairs, all that taste, 
skill, energy, loyalty, humanity and national or 
sectional pride could accomplish was laid under 
tribute. Their aggregate cash receipts were millions 



I 3 



130 



SANITARY FAIRS, 



of dollars. Their indirect results in tlie momentum 
given to patriotism and pliilantliroj^y, through this 
war and to all time, are beyond estimate. 

The officers of the Cleveland Aid Society had 
visited the Chicago Fair with a somewhat vague pur- 
pose of gaining ideas for the benefit of their own 
work and especially with a view to some effort for 
the supj^ort of their Soldiers' Home. 

Their plans had not extended beyond a series of 
evening amusements, a picture gallery, or a three 
days' bazaar. They returned home with enlarged 
views, aglow with the enthusiasm of the hour, and 
resolved to launch their own little boat upon the 
wave of prosperity. 

November 24tli, they were fully committed to this 
venture by the following circular, which was No. 1 2 
of the series : 



Rooms Soi.diees' Aid Society, No. 95 Bakk Street, } 
Cleveland, O., November 24, 18(io. )' 

To the People of Northern Ohio : 

We propose liolding a Grand Festival, commencing on tlie 22d of Febru" 
ary, for tlie benefit of our sick and wounded soldiers. The necessity for 
some effort of this kind is pressing. The loyal people of our State have 
given freely and often ; yet the present year, while it promises no abatement 
in the wants of our army, finds us limited by means totally insufficient to 
meet the demand made upon us. Our expenses are also necessarily increased 
by the higher rates of material, and to meet this emergency we propose to 
the Avomen of Northern Ohio to imitate the example of our sisters ot the 
northwest who, by their recent splendid effort, have given a new impetus to 
Sanitary work in that department. 

The first step in this enterprise must be to secure the co-operation of 
those friends whose warm sympathies and liberal benefactions have hei'eto 
fore carried us on so successfully in our work. From each member of the 
Branch Societies and from all who have contributed to this cause wo ask 
assistance to enable us to prosecute our labors with renewed energy. We 
feel satisfied that the i^roject can be succcessful without imposing upon any 
individual a heavy tax or in any way retarding our daily labor by drawing 
from the current supplies. 



FOLLOWING THE EXAJIPLE. 18 



f 



Aside from the pecuniary benefit which we promise ourselves in this 
undertakino:, an opportunity will he offered to extend a cordial personal 
greeting- to many with whom we are connected in a common cause. 
To them is due no small share of the honor which has made the Soldiers' 
"Aid Society of Northern Ohio a strong arm of the Commission, known and 
recognized no less on the bloody battle-field than in many a hospital which 
the soldier has consecrated by sickness and suffering, through the length 
and breadth of the West. 

We call upon our friends to join us, that we may work with new zeal 
and a more ardent patriotism in an undertaking whose scope and aims 
cannot be over-estimated. This early appeal is set forth that the attention 
of every town and society may be secured. We shall hope to receive from 
each according to its ability. We propose to devote a separate portion of 
the hall to the respective contributions of each Branch. 

It is impossible at this early day to furnish a definite programme of the 
festival. No effort will spared to render it in the highest degree profitable 
and attractive. The plan pursued Avill be similar to that of the Chicago 
Fair, and will comprise the sale of every variety of fancy and useful articles. 
During the continuance of the Fair a daily dinner will be furnished, and we 
must look to our friends in the country to assist us with contributions of 
milk, cream, butter, eggs, vegetables and poultry. 

A series of attractive entertainments will be presented. Further particu- 
lars and information will be furnished as the occasion demands. 

We would suggest that each society convene its members and lay this 
circular before them, that we may secure their immediate and prompt 
action. Arrangements will be made with the various Railroad Companies 
by which an opportunity will be afforded of coming to Cleveland and 
returning the same day. 

We ask of those who have never failed to respond to our appeals, with firm 

faith in their continued well-doing. 

Mrs. B. Rouse, President. 

Mrs. Wm. Melhinch, } j^ „ . 

Mrs. L. Burton, )' ^ • ^''^* ''■ 

Mary Clark Brayton, Secretary. 

Ellen F. Terry, Treasurer: 

The opening day of the fair, February 2 2d, was 
chosen as being far enough distant to allow ample time 
for maturing the yet halfformed plan and because, 
from being a national holiday, it was most likely to 
arrest public attention and l)e retained in memory. 

A few days after the announcement of this contem- 
plated Sanitary Fail', the managers of the Cleveland 



138 AN EMBARRASSMENT. 

Protestant Orphan Asylum gave public notice of an 
intention to hold their third annual Bazaar about the 
middle of January; proposing to unite with this 
bazaar some effort for relief of destitute soldiers' 
fomilies living in the city. 

The reasons given for bringing forward the soldiers' 
families in connection with this bazaar were that the 
Orphan Asylum, having received from two previous 
annual bazaars large sums that had been funded at 
interest, was now in need only of money enough for 
the current expenses of the winter, — less than would 
probably be raised by a bazaar, — and the managers of 
the Asylum, sympathizing with the charities which 
the accident of war had developed, were willing to 
accept only a specified sum and to relinquish the 
remainder to the ward committees that were organ- 
ized for the care of soldiers' families. 

With all cordial feeling for the Orphan Asylum 
and for soldiers' families, the officers of the Aid Society 
saw at a glance that the proposed bazaar would be 
fatal to the success of their Sanitary Fair. 

It would be dangerous enough to have a bazaar in 
whatever interest, on so large a scale as was proposed, 
in preparation all winter and opened four weeks in 
advance of the fair ; but when, added to this, the pa- 
triotic element was to be evoked, through this effort for 
soldiers' families, it was certain that this sentiment 
would not so soon respond again, and that the fair 
would fall to the ground, a dead failure, or be at best 
only a partial success that might prove equally dam- 
aging to the interests of the Sanitary Commission. 

The fair had not been proposed as a means of 



CONFLICTING INTERESTS. 139 

raising money for any temporary emergency, nor for 
the work of one winter only, nor even of one year. 
It was rather to take advantage of tliis mania of 
generosity, this wonderful epidemic cliarity, that was 
breaking out in Sanitary fairs, east and west, and 
that might soon disappear with paralyzing reaction. 

So vast and exhaustive an undertaking must be 
made to bear proportionate results and to place the 
Society in a condition of absolute financial security to 
the end of its existence. 

With these convictions the officers of the Aid Society 
felt that the orphan and soldiers' families bazaar was 
a positive barrier to their own j^lans. 

This was talked over in friendly council and several 
business meetings were called to consider it. A pro- 
posal was made to hasten preparations for the bazaar, 
and to open it early in December, thus removing it 
farther from the time of holding the fair. This seemed 
likely to conflict with some other charitable schemes 
that were going forward then, and was not thought 
possible. 

The ladies of the Orphan Asylum claimed that 
having originated in Cleveland the system of holding 
bazaars they were by courtesy entitled to the exclusive 
privilege of raising money by that means, and that 
they were at liberty to introduce any element that 
promised to ensure success. 

The ladies of the Aid Society urged that to hold a 
bazaar for the benefit of soldiers' families as well as 
for the orphans — and this so near the opening of the 
Sanitary Fair — would necessarily embarrass their ope- 
rations and virtually destroy the fair. 



140 A ('OMPi{o:\rrsE. 

Both entertaiuments liad been announced to the 
public and preparations to some extent had already 
been made for each. A compromise must be effected 
and these conflicting interests harmonized in the spirit 
of good will that had always prevailed in the public 
charities of Cleveland. 

The committee to which the matter was referred, 
— representing jointly the Aid Society, the Orphan 
Asylum and the soldiers' families, — reported in favor 
of holding a grand Union Bazaar which should re- 
present the interests of both Orphan Asylum and 
Aid Society; three thousand dollars of the net 
receipts to be pledged to the Orphan Asylum and 
the balance given to the Aid Society. 

This committee deemed it prudent to drop the sol- 
diers' families from the project, since a third of the sum 
raised by a bazaar would be but a fraction of the 
amount required for their support during the winter 
and it seemed certain that the promise of this tempo- 
rary resource would check the activity and embarrass 
the canvassing system of the ward committees having 
these families in charge, and thus do an injury out- 
weighing any advantage that would accrue to them 
from an incorporation with the bazaar. 

When it is remembered that the receipts of chari- 
table entertainments in Cleveland had heretofore been 
counted by hundreds only, and never — save in the two 
Orphan Asylum bazaars, which had been called bril- 
liant in result — could be estimated by tJioiisands, it 
is not stransre that the ward relief committees declined 
to accept a third of a bazaar that was yet in embryo, 
or that the three thousand dollai's that were to be 



AN^ OPPORTtTNE LEGACY. 141 

ensured to the Orplian Asylum seemed like the lion's 
sliare of the possible proceeds. 

The high hopes with which the ladies of the Aid 
Society had retimied tVom the Chicago Fair were sud- 
denly dashed l)y this unexpected entanglement. 

Besides the discouraging prospect of receiving only 
a fraction of tlie avails in event of success, there was 
another view of the case that made tlie Union Bazaar 
still more distasteful to them. 

For the Sanitary Fail", the aid of all Northern Ohio 
and of adjoining States had been solicited. The co- 
operation of the l)rancli aid societies was indispensalde 
to success. But it could not be hoped to secure this 
when it 1)8 jams known that the proceeds of the fair 
were to l)e divided with a strictly local charity. 

Though sincerely in sympathy with the l)enevolent 
purposes of the Orplian Asylum, the officers of the 
Aid Society felt that this proposed Union Bazaar was 
very unfortunate for the cause they represented, and 
no doubt the managei's of the Asylum were ecpially 
annoyed by it. 

Both parties, however, acquiesced in the decision of 
the committee, and a special meeting was called to 
make preliminary arrangements. 

Into that meetino; the news was brouo-ht that a 
citizen just deceased had bequeathed to the Protestant 
Orplian Asylum of Cleveland the sum of forty thou- 
sand dollars. This munificent legacy relieved the 
Asylum most oj^portunely from business perplexity, 
and the managers relinquished all claim to the pro- 
ceeds of the projected bazaar. This left to the Aid 
Society a free field of operation and liberty to pursue 
the designs announced in the preliminary circular. 



142 NOETIIERiS^ OHIO SANITARY FAIR. 

So auspicious was the inception of the Northern 
Ohio Sanitary Fair ! 

The committee that had been formed to conduct the 
now abandoned Union Bazaar increased its numbers 
and l:)ecame the Executive Committee of the Fair. 
The followino; were the honorary officers and Execu- 
tive Committee of the Fair Association : 

NOETHERN OHIO SANITARY FAIR. 



HOXORARY OFFICERS. 

Governor John Brough, Ex-Governor David Tod, 

Hon. Salmox P. Chase, Hon. Benj. F. Wade, 

Hon. John SHEn^rAN, Maj.-Gen'l J. A. Gaefield, 

Mavor Irvine U. Masters. 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

T. P. Handy, Mrs. B. Rouse, 

H. M. Chapik, Mrs. Wm. Melhinch, 

Dr. J. S. Newberry, Mrs. L. Burton, 

Amasa Stone, Jr., Mart Clark Bratton, 

Stillman Witt, Ellen F. Terry, 

Wm. B. Castle, Mrs. John Shelley, 

Samuel L. Mather, Mrs. J. A. Harris, 

Joseph Perkins, Mrs. Chas. A. Terry, 

Geo. B. Senter, ' Mrs. S. Williamson, 

Peter Thatcher, Jr., Mrs. Geo. A. Benedict, 

Mrs. L. M. Hubby, 

Mrs. Wm. B. Castle, 

T. P. Handy, C'hairmau. 
H. M. Chapin, 1 

Mary Clark Brayton. }- Secretaries. 
Ellen F. Terry, J 

. Headquarters were established at the Aid Societ}' 
Rooms, No. 95 Bank street, and an office was rented 
in the same building for the use of the secretaries and 
the registration committee. Daily meetings of the 
Executive Committee were held at 4 o'clock, P. M. 



COMMITTEES FOll THE FAIR. 148 

The circulars, notices and reports of the Sanitary 
Fairs of Chicago, Boston and Cincinnati were collected 
and filed for consultation and a general programme 
was formed from these precedents. 

This embraced a Ladies' Bazaar, Kefreshment Hall, 
Exhil)iti<)n of Machinery, Manufactures and Produce, 
Fine Art Gallery, Floral Hall, Museum of Curiosities 
and War "Relics and a series of Evenino- Entertain- 
ments. 

The Executive Committee appointed the chairmen 
of twenty-one special committees, as follows : 

Fkter Thatohrk, Jr., ou Euildino'rt and Halla. 
1. U. Masters, on Reception. 
T. N. Bond, on Decorations. 
J. G. HussEY, on Produce. 
M. C. YouNGt.oVE, on Macliiuery. 
Wm. BiNflirAM, on Merchandise. 
J. V. X. Yates, on Wood and Coal. 
Mrs. Fayette Brown, on Booths and Fancy Tables. 
Mrs. A. G. Col WELL, on Fancy Articles. 
Mrs. Dr. E. Sterling, on Floral Hall. 

Wm. Edwards and Mrs. M. C. Yot-xglovk, on Tahles and Taljlo 
Furniture. 

Mrs. T. BuRNHAM, on Refreshments. 

H. F. Brayton, on Memorials and Ciii-iosities. 

Wm. J. BoARDMAN, on Fine Art Hall. 

T. P. Handy, on Musical Entertainments. 

Geo. Willey, on Tableaux. 

D. P. Eells, on Lectures. 

John F. Warner, on Registration. 

A. W. Fairbanks, on Printing and Stationery. 

Col. W. H. Hayward, on Military. 

John N. Frazee, on Police. 

These chairmen formed their own committees, whicli 
were enlarged and subdivided in later meetings at 
discretion. Pi'ominent business men and manufac- 
turers throughout Ohio and Western Pennsylvania 



144 ISSUING CIRCULARS. 

were created associate members of tliese committees 
and tlieii' personal influence was thus secured. (For a 
full list of the fair committees see ap]3endix E.) 

The first duty of most of the committees was to 
prepare a special appeal to the public. Eleven suT> 
circulars were issued and each committee nndertook 
to send to friends and business acquaintances tar and 
near a certain niunber of the circulars of its own and 
every other department. 

A general circular was puldished in the newspaj^ers 
of Northern Ohio with the request that every one 
who read it would send for a ])ackage of special 
circulars or furnish the names of persons to whom 
these might be mailed. Notice was given to citizens 
to send in the names of relatives and friends who lived 
in the country, that circulars might be sent to them. 
All the ingenuity that had evoked the first response, 
in the early days of the Society, was repeated in 
behalf of the fair, aided by the machinery which 
nearly three years' experience had nicely adjusted to 
this purpose. 

All circulars were mailed from the Aid Rooms 
under the franking privilege enjoyed by the Society. 

To secure the aid of the Branches was a matter of 
vital moment, and to do this without disturbing or 
checking tlie routine of their duties, was equally 
imj^ortant. 

With all their desire to excite an interest in the 
a2:)proaching ftiir, the oflicers of the Cleveland Aid 
Society were very solicitous lest preparations for it 
might encroach upon their own regular business or 
that of their tril)utaries. They would not advise any 



APPOINTING DELEGATES. 145 

Brancli to draw on its treasury to piuvliase materials 
for fancy articles, nor to suffer the regular scAviug 
meetings to give place to assemblies on behalf of the 
fair. The aim was to help the cause, which surely 
would not be attained by exhausting the sources from 
which the very life of the work flowed. 

It was rather the design to use the influence of 
these Branches in securing and forwarding such arti- 
cles, solicited by an outside conunittee, as would not 
naturally come into the list of their receipts ; so 
that contributions to the fair mio'ht be additions to 
the usual supplies, not an interference Avdth them. 

The secretary and treasurer of the Aid Society, as 
associate secretaries of the fliir, assumed the specific 
duty of engaging the interest and co-operation of the 
Branches. 

A personal letter was written to the president of 
each of these Branch societies, ^vith notice of her 
appointment as delegate to the fair and soliciting her 
services and influence in the preparations. Upon 
notice of acceptance, the delegate was furnished with 
a package of circulars containing, first, a general ap2:)eal 
in Avhich each de^^artment was briefly described and 
aj)propriate gifts suggested, with a summary of the 
attractions promised to visitors ; second, the special 
circulars of the mercantile, manufactures, machinery, 
produce, fine arts, floral hall, museum, fancy work and 
refreshment committees, each fully explaining itself; 
third, a large sheet-invoice to be filled out and re- 
turned with the aggregate results of the township 
canvassing, and some smaller invoice-blanks to accom- 
pany individual gifts. 

1 



146 PLANNING. 

On receipt of these docuuients, the delegate was to 
lay them before her society and to distribute them as 
would best promote an interest in the fair. 

It Avas advised that a committee of two really 
active, earnest men should be appointed in each town- 
ship to solicit contributions in conjunction with the 
local society and, if necessary, to go al)Out with teams 
from farm to farm and gather up everything that 
could be secured. 

The military conunittees of each county were sup- 
plied with circulars and requested to act as '' head 
centers'" in collecting and forwarding. AVhen pre- 
ferred, these appointments were authorized by com- 
missions sent from the officers of the fair association. 

It was necessary to rouse Northern Ohio thoroughly 
and to make the appeals specially pointed and search- 
ing, for the reason that Cincinnati had just opened a 
fair that had drawn heavily upon the whole State. Its 
circulars and appeals had been freely distributed in 
Cleveland and vicinity, and had been responded to 
with much liberality. Many towns from which great 
things were hoped had given largely to Cincinnati 
and it was feared these were scarcely ready to repeat 
their generosity. 

But sectional pride soon came in to help on the 
work. It was determined that Cleveland should have 
a fair commensurate with the resources of the Reserve 
and the patriotism of its people. 

In furtherance of this resolution the circulars of 
each committee were issued till the corpulent mail- 
bags grew to positive obesity. The office of post- 
master could have been no sinecure in Ohio during 
these preliminary days of the fair. 



THOROUGH CANVASSINCt. 147 

To this proclamation period succeeded the canvass- 
ing era. 

Committee-men with memorandum book and pencil 
were making the round of the city, each eager to 
secure for his own department the pledge of his 
neighl)or. Fe^v waited for such solicitation, ])ut by 
this thorough canvassing no one escaped. The gift of 
one thousand dollars each from several city insurance 
and manufacturing companies encouraged the can- 
vassers at the outset, and from day to day the city 
papers helped on their work l)y mentioning various 
valuable articles of machinery or merchandise that 
had rewarded the labor of solicitation. 

It was urged that as an industrial exposition the fair 
'would promote the interests of the community, an 
object which Avas thought proper to be mentioned as 
a stimulus to contribution. Facilities were promised 
to manufacturers and inventors for the display of 
fabrics and machines Avhich they wished to introduce 
to the public, — the business card of the donor to be 
attached to each article. 

All classes, trades and professions were to be en- 
listed in this cause. Soliciting committees were 
reminded that there was nothins; in the rano;e of 
known possessions, having money value or historic 
interest, but would lind a place and a welcome at the 
fair. At each one's hand lay his own appropriate 
offering. The mechanic could give the product of his 
skill, the merchant his wares, the manufacturer his 
huished article or the material from which it was 
made, the laborer a portion of his wages, the farmer 
his grain, the storage of his cellars, the wood from his 



148 LADIES AT WOEK. 

broad acres or the stock from Lis 2:)astiires. The hor- 
ticulturist or gardener could add to the decorations 
of Floral Hall or the supplies of the restaurant, the 
antiquarian or curiosity-hunter might give or lend his 
time-honored relics and his wonders to the Museum, 
the skilful workwoman could find space for her 
handicraft in the Bazaar, and the good things of the 
housewife would suppl}^ the tables of the Dining 
Hall. 

The ladies of the city ceased to be recognized as 
individuals and existed only as committee-women and 
priestesses of bazaar, floral hall and restaurant. 

The infection of this great charity pervaded every 
parlor and school room, Avhere pretty usefuls in needle- 
work, marvels of embroidery, delicate conceits in 
fancy work and airy trifles in crotchet grew rapidly 
under fingers winged with j^atriotism and humanity. 

The ladies of the refreshment committee were plan- 
ning a system of continuous contribution to the dining 
hall, in order to ensure stated supplies of provisions 
for each day of the fair. The city was districted and 
the written pledge of each household taken for the 
kind and quantity which it would furnish upon a 
specified day. Towns upon the lines of raih'oad cen- 
terins: in the citv were notified of the davs when 
boxes of good things should be shipped, and general 
rules were laid down to ecj^ualize the supplies sent in 
by railroad and team. Countr}' dainties of pantry, 
dairy and poultry yard were especially levied upon. 
The notable matrons of the "VVestei'n Reserve were 
besought to deal out to their households sparingly 
and to contribute liberally, till the opening of the 



THE PROPOSED BUILDING. 149 

great dining liall should give opportunity to tlieir 
husl)ands, sons and l)rotliers to avenge their wrongs 
by an attack upon its abundant tables. 

The committee on, buildings and halls, charged 
with the duty of providing suitable accommodations 
for the fair, had decided at once that no public build- 
ing in Cleveland was spacious enough to contain all 
the departments, and that to scatter these through 
the city in different halls would destroy the unity 
and the attractions of the fair and endanger the 
results. 

The success of Sanitary fairs in other cities had 
been limited only by the capacity of the buildings in 
which they were held. The building committee took 
warning from this experience and resolved that no 
want of space should check the progress of the Cleve- 
land fair. 

After due deliberation in nightly session, they 
advised the erection in the Public Square of a tem- 
porary structure that should give ample room for all 
departments. This situation, from its central position 
and accessibility, was unsurpassed and the building- 
was designed to present in itself a peculiar attraction 
of the fair. 

The proposed building covered an area of sixty-four 
thousand square feet and the estimated cost was ten 
thousand dollars. 

No charitable enterprise ever projected in Cleveland 
had afforded (//-os-^ receipts of more than eight thou- 
sand dollars. Great as were the hopes of success in 
the present scheme, few had ventured to hint at more 
than twenty thousand dollars as the possible gross 



150 AN OMINOUS SILENCE. 

results. To ajiproj^riate lialf tlie imaginary proceeds 
to the one item of a building in whicli to hold the fair 
was a proj^osal that could not be accepted without 
some misgivings. But the counsels of the buihling 
committee prevailed, and time proved that they were 
founded on wisdom. 

As soon as their plans were adopted, an elevation 
of the proposed structure was engraved and used as 
heading for the circulars and stationery employed in 
the business of the fair. Even so small a thins; as 
this was not without good results in awakening an 
interest in the preparations. 

Between the issue of circulars and their material 
results there was a period of suspense and anxiety 
that was positively appalling, — especially to the secre- 
taries, who, ill their dismal little office, shut out from 
contact with the enthusiasm that was spreading 
through the city, had been exhausting their wits on 
personal letters, circulars and newspaper appeals. An 
ominous silence seemed to have taken possession of 
their correspondents, broken only by a significant 
line such as one good clergyman wrote, " I was sj^eak- 
ing to the farmers of my church about your fair to-day, 
and I find they have been thinking about it." An 
occasional item would creep into the city papers, 
showing that the ladies of a certain township had met 
and laid out their plans. Festivals and concerts were 
heard of, in adjoining towns, for the benefit of bazaar 
committees. Schools and lyceums were turning their 
holiday exercises into exhibitions for swelling the 
receipts. The silence of correspondents was indeed 
ominous, but it boded only good. The people were 
too l)usy in peiibrmance to have time for promises. 



TORJrENTIISrG DOUBTS. 151 

Faitli, born of experience, forl)ade the officers of 
the Aid Society to fear that Northern Ohio would fail 
to respond to any call of patriotism or philanthropy. 
But, would these generous givers realize the vastness 
of the requirements ? — did they kno^v how much it 
would take to fill the rising structure whose sixty-four 
thousand square feet of extent seemed so boundless a 
storehouse ? 

These tormenting doubts brooded with fateful wing 
over the anxious hearts of those who were vitally in- 
terested in the cause, and were only put to flight when 
the opening day saw the great building stocked and 
even crowded, while gifts continued to come u]) to 
the very close of the fair. 

The secret of this long silence and late response 
was in the fact that as the societies in county seats 
acted as centers of collection, townships and minor 
societies reported to them and not directly to the fair 
association, and thus the ofterings of each county were 
brought up as a unit to the fair. This plan, though 
most systematic and efficacious, w^as embarrassing to 
the managers and especially to the bazaar committee, 
making it impossible for them to judge of the space 
that would be required by any one county. 

When, just before the opening, the representatives 
of societies and counties came in, brinofino; to the 
bazaar their wealth of contribution, the space as- 
signed to many of them was far too small. Some 
could not display half their goods at the opening. 
The delegations from two counties that had reported 
their inability to All any space in the bazaar, came in 
at the eleventh hour loaded with fancy articles and 



152 SNOW VERSUS CARPENTERS. 

were unavoidably crowded togetlier into one bootli 
witli very small opportunity for exhibiting their 
treasures. 

The gift of ten thousand feet of lumber from one 
citizen, with the use of his men and teams ; of a large 
quantity of nails and hardware from manufacturers ; 
a generous discount on all purchases, and the volun- 
teered services of master builder and many \^'orkmen, 
somewhat lessened the estimated cost of the building 
and certainly lightened the hearts of the committee. 

Four weeks before the opening day, the materials 
were on the spot and the energetic building commit- 
tee might have been seen on the Public Square, 
pacing off the ground and planting certain significant 
little stakes at sundry corners. These inexplicable 
movements were watched with o])en-mouthed curiosity 
by a crowd of juveniles and idlers, " and still they 
gazed, and still the w^onder grew," when, next morn- 
ing, a small army of workmen invaded the Square 
and began to fashion timbers and la}' beams upon 
some evidently preconcerted plan. 

A blinding whirl of sleet and snow had half en- 
wrapped these mysterious proceedings and soon 
entirely concealed them under a fleecy mantle that 
lay in drifted heaps, while the furiously roaring storm 
held hi£i:h carnival above the abandoned work. 

For nearly a week the elements conspired against 
committee and carpenters^ but at last the sun showed 
his smiling face in a clear wintry sky. 

The commandant of Camp Cleveland detailed a 
company of the sixth Ohio cavalry, who worked 



PLAN OF THE BUILDING. 158 

Hway cheerily with shovel and snow-plow, exhuming 
Imried lumber and searchino; for lost land-marks. 

The sturdy blows of adze and hammer, wielded by 
many skilful and willing hands, rapidly developed 
the mystery. 

As the great structure rose to view and progressed 
to completion, doubt gave way to faith and interest 
deepened to enthusiasm, in every one who beheld this 
indisputable evidence that the Northern Ohio Sanitary 
Fair was no longer an idea, but a fact. 

The plan adopted was of a group of halls in the 
form of a Greek cross, the center rising in a dome to 
an elevation of sixty-five feet and enclosing the statue 
of Commodore Perry. 

The central hall was an octagon, seventy-five feet in 
diameter, and was ornamented as a Floral Hall. 

On the A vest was the Ladies' Bazaar, one hundred 
and seventy-six feet long by ninety- three feet wide 
and twenty-five feet high. On the east an Audience 
Room, for evening entertainments, two hundred and 
eight by ninety-three feet and t'sventy-five feet high. 
This was fitted with a large stage and anterooms and 
with rising seats for two thousand persons. On the 
south, at right angles with audience room and bazaar, 
was the hall for Machinery, Manufactures and Pro- 
duce, one hundred and eighty-four feet long by 
fifty-one feet wide and twenty feet high. On the 
north was the Dining Hall, one hundred and ninety 
feet long, fifty-one feet wide and twenty feet high. 
The right-angle corners where Floral Hall joined the 
other buildings were divided into ofiices and commit- 
tee rooms. Messrs. J. M. Blackburn and S. C. Brooks 



154 DECOIIATING THE HALLS. 

were tlie arcliitect and iiiaster builder, liaving offered 
tlieir services iu behalf of the fair. 

The Picture Gallery and Museum were opened in 
the Court House, at the northwest corner of the 
Square, where the valuable collection of loaned arti- 
cles could be secure from fire. 

The Sanitary fair building, though hastily con- 
structed for temporary use and without pretension to 
architectural beauty, was symmetrical in its propor- 
tions and well adapted to the purposes of the fair. 

It had been carefully planned for the convenience 
of committees and the pleasure of visitors, and was 
well ventilated, lighted and Avarmed, and made secure 
against storms. 

There was no attempt to ornament the exterior 
walls, but the ever-beautiful stars and stripes threw 
out their broad folds from its dome and floated above 
every roof peak, while hundreds of smaller flags 
fluttered at angle and archway. 

The tasteful artifices of the decorating committee 
conspired to transform the unhewn rafters and rough 
siding of the spacious halls into graceful flower- 
wreathed arches and gaily bannered walls. This 
was not effected Avithout much cunniuo; contrivance, 
confusion of tongues, hard labor and adventurous 
climbing, crowded into the few days that intervened 
between the completion of the building and tlsl^ opeu- 
inc: of the fair. 

Flags of all sizes were borrowed from far and near 
and many clever devices in tarleton, tissue paper and 
tinsel were employed to embellish the Ladles' Bazaak. 

Of the booths and stalls designed for the display 



EVERGREENS AND BANNERS. 155 

and sale of fancy articles, one half were to be occuj^ied 
by saleswomen in the costume of different nations, 
and the other half by delegates from Branch societies, 
classed in counties, one booth being assigned to each 
county. The costume booths alternated with the 
county booths, down each side of the long bazaar 
hall. 

The young ladies who were to occupy the costume 
booths decorated these with much taste. Many 
representatives of counties came up a few days before 
the opening and worked busily in fitting up the spaces 
assigned to them. A laudable rivalry between the 
proprietors of different booths, and the endeavor to 
excel in elegance and appropriateness of decoration, 
resulted in many exhibitions of remarkable beauty 
and taste. 

Farm wagons and railroad cars came in loaded with 
evergreens for decoration, bearing, too, a more precious 
freight of village youths and maidens who came, at 
the almost despairing call of the over-burdened com- 
mittee, to develop the beautiful iloral designs. 

Under the deft workmanship of many hands the 
embowering shades and odorous freshness of Floral 
Hall rivaled the sylvan beauty of some fairy-haunted 
dell of the " merrie greenwood." 

The Dining Hall was festooned with flags and 
garlands, and hung with portraits of our victorious 
generals. Scores of pretty girls in grisette apron and 
jaunty coiffure were duly marshalled and drilled to 
act as table waiters. Before their preparations were 
fully made, these amateur Avaitresses had occasion to 
practice their newly acquired art, in serving two re- 



156 LAST PREPARATIONS. 

turned regiments tliat were feasted in the half finished 
dining hall. 

In Mechanics' Hall the useful predominated over 
the beautiful. A few flags and wreaths were the only 
decorations attempted. The great space was fast fill- 
ing up with articles of more or less bulk and value. 
Barrels of produce were rolling in. Anxious exhibi- 
tors jostled each other in their eagerness to secure a 
favorable place for their inventions. 

In the Art Hall and Museum, gay with hangings 
of tri-color, another phase of preparation prevailed. 
Easels and standards were being constructed and 
screens arranged to temper and convey the light to 
the paintings that were fast covering the walls. In- 
numerable articles of antiquity or curious interest, 
exhumed from the obscurity of j^rivate collections, 
already crowded the cases. Great boxes of war relics 
were arriving from the front, unclassified fossils cum- 
bered the corners, masses of mineral blockaded the 
passages and hopelessly embarrassed the task of 
organizing this wealth of wonders. 

Tableau committees and dramatic clubs were in 
daily, semi-daily and nightly session ; rallying their 
forces for rehearsal or desperately raiding for cos- 
tumes. Two hundred old-fashioned singers, who had 
been summoned from town and country, were tuning 
their voices and reviving the toilettes and the manners 
of other days, in anticipation of an Old Folks' 
Concert in the grand Audience Room. 

All the busy activity that for weeks and mouths 
had been working out the splendid success of the 
enterprise, seemed concentrated in these last days of 



ENTERTAINING THE DELEGATES. 157 

preparation. None but the largest faith could foresee 
that order would ever come out of the Babel of 
tongues and chaos of matter that distracted and over- 
whelmed the devoted committee-men and women in 
the last twenty-four hours of indescribable hurry and 
Vnistle before the curtain rose ujion the great fair. 

The committe on reception had canvassed the 
city to provide lodging places for the delegates and 
representatives of Branch societies who were already 
beginning to arrive. No provision more ample was 
made in other cities on similar occasions. Though it 
is impossible to give the number of strangers that 
were entertained, it is safe to say that several thous- 
and enjoyed the hospitality of the citizens durino- 
the progress of the fair. The cordiality with which 
houses were opened and guests welcomed, through 
this busy time, when Cleveland ladies were already 
overburdened with the cares and responsibilities of 
committee-work and daily attendance in various de- 
partments, must not be allowed to jjass without a 
tribute of grateful recognition. 

The officers of the Aid Society had each spent a 
day or two, in turn, visiting the Cincinnati Sanitary 
fair, which opened in December. By the kindness of 
the Cincinnati committees they learned much of the 
practical details which they afterwards found valuable 
in arranging their own fair. 

The ticket system adopted was based upon the 
experience of the Cincinnati managers, and it proved 
convenient and satisfactory. A single ticket at twen- 
ty-five cents gave one admission to either hall. 
Tickets were also sold in packages of five for one 



158 THE TICKET SYSTEM. 

dollar and twenty for three dollars. For the conven- 
ience of persons coming in from the country, these 
tickets were on sale at each way-station of all railroads 
centering in the city. By the generosity of the 
railroad companies, return transportation A\as given 
to every one who })urchased, ^y\t\l his raihvay ticket 
to Cleveland, one dollar s worth of fair tickets. 

No free admissions were granted to conunittees, 
delegates or exhibitors. By the payment of one dol- 
lar, these were furnished with an " assistant's check," 
Avhich served as a season ticket of admission, and Avas 
not transferable. These checks were returned to the 
Executive Committee if a delegate left the city before 
the tair closed, and any person Avho came up to relieve 
the delegate by taking her place in the booth was 
reqiured to purchase her own admission check. 

The dining hall had a distinct ticket system. Din- 
ner cost iifty cents, supper or lunch in the restaurant 
twenty-five cents, oysters and crackers thirty cents, 
coftee ten cents, tea live cents. 

Single tickets for evening entertainments were iifty 
cents. No variation was allowed from these prices 
and no season tickets were issued for audience room 
or dining hall. 

All packages consigned to the fair were exempt 
from freio'ht charges over the railroads runnina: into 
Cleveland. Light and valuable packages were carried 
by any of the express companies, without charge. 



CHAPTER IX. 

Monday, February 2 2d, 18G4, the anniversary of 
the birthday of Washington, and henceforth to be 
remembered by Clevelanders as the inaugural day of 
the great Sanitary Fair, opened inauspiciously witli 
clouds and rain. But by nine o'clock the sun peered 
through the clouds, the sky cleared, the morning air 
was balmy and spring-like, and nature smiled in hap- 
piest mood. 

Above the fair building, around and in which the 
workers still clustered, thickly and busily as bees, 
floated the flag of the Union, and from housetops and 
flagstaffs throughout the city the stars and stripes 
were flung out. The streets were thronged with 
citizens and strangers. The crowd was especially 
great at the ticket oflices for the fair, which were 
located at the halls of the great building and in the 
principal music and bookstores. 

It had been announced that the Governor and statf, 
the State Legislature and other invited guests from 
abroad would arrive on the mornino; train from 
Columbus, and due preparations were made to receive 
and escort them. The various companies of the 29th 
Ohio National Gruard mustered in full resralia, and 



15 9 



160 THE OPENING DAY. 

after a brilliant parade niarelied into the Sanitary 
fair dining hall, where a bounteous dinner had been 
spread for them. 

At two o'clock the lines re-formed upon Bank street 
headed by Leland's band, breathing melodious and 
patriotic strains. Next followed the " 29th,'' the 
mayor and city council, city officers, Major Generals 
Heintzelman and Garfield, the Lieutenant Governor 
and stafJ', State officers, and the Ohio Legislature. A 
detachment of soldiers closed up the rear. 

The procession swept up Superior street around the 
south side of the Square to the custom house and into 
the Square, entering the audience room of the tair 
building at its east end and appearing upon the plat- 
form, whence the Legislature passed to seats in the 
body of the hall. The stage was occupied by many 
distino-uished ^-uests and the o-reat hall filled with a 
brilliant assembly. 

At three o'clock the audience was called to order 
by Mayor Masters and the exercises were opened by 
prayer from the venerable Dr. Aiken, of the First 
Presbyterian Church. The band then gave " TTome 
again," and Lieutenant Governor Anderson held the 
audience enchained during a brief address of excpiisite 
beauty of word-painting. 

The following dedication ode, prepared for the 
occasion, was sung by a glee club, the audience join- 
ing in chorus : 



THE INAUGUEAL ODE. 161 



! hallowed the day when our Chieftain was born, 
The Hero, the Patriot, who with form e'er commandin*^, 
'Mid the sunshine of peace or in battle's thick storm, 
The Ship of State guided and kept it from stranding. 
For the Flag that waved o'er him, the stars and the blue, 
Had been caught down from heaven by brave men and true. 

cnoKUS. 

01 say, does the Star Spangled Banner yet wave 
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave V 

n. 

Again by the tempest our Country was rocked. 

Till it labored and reeled like a ship in mid ocean, 

Our flag it was taunted, our Union was mocked, 

\A'hen up sprang to vengeance, thank God ! a great nation ! 

Past the graves of their fathers the serried ranks SAveep, 

And the lanterns of battle swing out o'er the deep. 

CHORUS. 
That the Star Spangled Banner in triumph might wave 
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. 



111. 
O ! the red fields of battle, the hospital tent, 

Where our brave ones lie bleeding, or in stranger hands languish ; 
Up the heights, crowned with glory, we cheered their ascent. 
Who would dare to pass by them when hurled back in anguish ? 
All honor to true hearts who, brave amid tears. 
Follow close on our armies with blessings and prayers. 

CHORUS. 

That the Star Spangled Banner in triumph may wave 
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. 



IV. 

! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand 
Between their loved homes and the war's desolation. 
Blessed with victory and peace, may the heaven rescued laud 
Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation. 
Then conquer we must, for our cause it is just. 
And this lie our motto, " In God is our trust." 

CHORUS. 

And the Star Spangled Banner in triumph shall wave 
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. 

I 1 



162 CEREMONIES OF THE DAY. 

Mayor Masters then introduced General Ja:\ies 
A. Garfield, who was received ^vith enthusiastic 
cheers, and who spoke for an hour and a half in 
his own earnest, eloquent and logical manner, fre- 
quently interrupted by rounds of applause. 

Speaker Hubbell was next presented. In a few 
Avords, spoken on behalf of the Ohio Legislature, he 
expressed an interest in the occasion and an acknowl- 
edg-ment of the courtesies that had l)een extended. 

The formalities of the day ^vere now over and the 
fair duly inaugurated. The audience dispersed with 
rins-ino; cheers for Garfield, the soldier-statesman, for 
the army in the field, and the Sanitary Fair. 

THE BAZAAR. 

The Ladies' Bazaar was thrown open at 7 o'clock 
in the evening and was filled with an eager, admiring 
throng of visitors, to whom the brilliant display 
seemed like one of the bright-hued visions of oriental 
enchantment. 

The roof and its supporting pillars are canopied 
with flags and wreathed with evergreens. Soft dra- 
peries of rainbow tint float from arch and column. 
Garlands twine around or alternate with the waving 
tri-color. The light streams down upon rich stuff's 
and costly wares and is flashed liack from countless 
mirrors. 

From booth to booth the eye falls upon gay demoi- 
selles of France, yellow-haired frauleins of Germany, 
dark-eyed senoritas of Spain, bewitching houris of 
Turkey, Italia's graceful signorinas, bonnie lassies of 
Scotland, rosy maidens of England, frank and merry 



THE ladies' bazaae, 163 

daughters of Kriii, Russian damsels in furs, belles of 
the Celestial empire, America's Idooming beauties and 
wide-awake Yankee girls. 

Tt is difficult to fix the attention upon the details 
that make up this kaleidoscope view, l)ut tlu^ scene, 
so l)e\vildering as a whole, will on closer inspection 
reveal new charms. Every l)ooth in the Bazaar is a 
beautiful pictiu'e set in a worthy frame and ^vell 
merits a more minute description. 

The visitor, delivering his ticket at the dot)r of the 
Bazaar, is ushered in by the blue-coated police and 
emerges from the vestibule into the grand hall, pass- 
ing under the decorated gallery where a l)and is 
discoursiuij: sweet music. 

First on the right stands the Book Stall, where 
periodicals, stationery, bound volumes, engravings and 
pliotographs are offered. 

Ashland and Geauga counties unite in a booth 
which occupies the corner l)eyond. The names of 
these counties are enclosed in an evergreen wreath 
over the front, and on the wall hangs a portrait of 
Lincoln. Articles of needlework, useful and fanciful, 
are piled ui)on the tables and suspended from the 
ceiling. Silk patchwork quilting of elaborate fashion, 
woolwork, pin cushions and cobweb knitting tempt 
the purses of Iniyers. 

The blue and yello\v drapery of the Celestials is 
conspicuous in the next l)ooth. Chinese lanterns with 
their grotesijue imagery, silken flags and embroidered 
scarfs ornament the walls, and a huge Chinese um- 
])rella canopies the Avhole. Large mirrors reflect the 
gay and varying scene. A T)evy of little-footed beau- 



164 THE BOOTHS. 

ties in tlie rich and (jiiaint costume of tlie flowery 
land, with wondronsly conceived pagoda hats edged 
with tinkling bells, dispense tiny cups of fragrant tea 
and offer curious, rare and valuable articles, veritable 
importations from China and Japan. Vases of trans- 
parent porcelain, sandalwood boxes and fims that 
perfume the air, portfolios, lacquered ware, ivory 
puzzles, hammocks, delicate cups and saucers that 
would delight the heart of a collector of old china, 
nodding mandarins, pungent scents and spices, chests 
of tea and curious carvings, are piled up wherever 
space can be found. 

The ladies of Lor Am county occupy the thii'd booth 
and a large stand directly in front, both of which are 
crowded with a variety of beautiful and useful arti- 
cles. With thoughtfulness for the little folks, these 
ladies have for sale dolls' houses of every size and 
style, dolls' beds, daintily furnished, and toys for 
dolly's young mamma. An exquisitely embroidered 
chair, a fine set of Irving's works, some rich dressing- 
gowns, curious husk work, and an Oberlin scholarship 
are the most noticeable among the countless treasures 
displayed in this attractive booth. Here hangs the 
magnificent afghan, the central glory of this part of 
the bazaar, which is always surrounded by an admir- 
ing crowd. 

The land of song and stor}^, of Wallace, Scott 
and Burks, is well represented l»y a group of High- 
land lassies in the traditional tartan of their hills, 
looped with the thistle and crowned with the heron's 
plume. The plaid also decorates the Avails, and above 
is the national banner, bearino- the thistle with its 



TkEIK DECOR ATIOKS. 105 

defiant motto, '-'■Nemo me impune lacesslty On one 
pillar are Scottish shields, and on the other hangs a 
portrait of Ca:mpbell of Argyle. This booth is well 
supplied with hair and cone work, papier mache' 
trinkets in tartan, fancy needlework and toilet articles. 
A beautiful model of a steam-tug, and a miniature l;)it 
of winter scenery representing a portion of Niagara 
Falls, and made of minerals from all parts of the 
world, finished with twigs and mosses from the graves 
of the fallen heroes of the Ohio seventh rea-iment, are 
worthy of sj^ecial mention among the treasures of the 
Scotch booth. 

Summit county occupies the next booth. Lace cur- 
tains looj)ed and trimmed Avith evergreens form a 
graceful decoration, and a basket of crystal work 
depends from the arch above. The side walls are 
hung with mirrors and pictures. The words '• Summit 
County," in gilt letters wreathed with flowers, 
gleam from the rear. On the counters are heaped 
fancy work of every variety, silverware, statuettes, 
dolls and dolls' furniture. The stand directly in front 
is also filled by this county, and here the great 
attraction is a splendid stuffed eagle. From his beak 
float ribbons with the name of the county inscribed 
upon them. Here too is a doll's house inside which a 
whole family is arranged, even to the baby in the 
cradle, the dog on the mat, and the parrot in the cage. 

A step and we are in sunny Italy. A beautiful 
statuette of the " Flower Girl " is the central decora- 
tion of this booth, with " Italy " worked in evergreen 
under a golden harp. Painting and sculpture are 
typified by pallette and brush and the marbles and 



166 PENNS YLVANI a's'sH ARll 

bronzes that are set in every niclie. The warljlings 
of eaixed ])irds symbolize the musical tastes of the 
classic hind of song. Here ahibaster clocks, statuettes, 
silverware, bronze ornaments, sheet music and musical 
insti'uments are oifered to the purchaser by ladies in 
the picturesque costume of the nation. 

Mead\ille, with her tributary towns in ^^'estern 
Pennsylvania, is nobly represented in tlie bazaar, find- 
ing an entire l)ooth scarcely spacious enough for the 
beautiful and \alualde contributions. Over this 
l)Ooth is a framework of evero-reeus enclosino- the 
words "Meadville, Pa.'' Other frames bear these 
inscri])tions : " Home responses to our boys in the 
field," " AVe labor while we wait," " For our Heroes, 
from tlie girls they left behind them," "From the 
Keystone and Hearthstone to the Camp," '' Belles 
versus re-bels." This booth is very attractive with 
its draperies of lace curtains, crystal hangings, mir- 
rors, pictures, profusion of skilful needlework, wax 
flowers, babies' garments, gorgeous smoking caps, 
ato'hans and brioche cushions. An ino-enious little 
fortune-telling doll here discloses the secrets of the 
future and takes in the cash of the present. 

In front of the INEeadville booth is a stand lilled by 
the industry of the Kockport ladies. Much ingenuity 
is shown in some of these articles. There are in the 
EocKPOKT booth tasteful and curious moss baskets, 
cases of stufi'ed birds, wax dolls, children's garments 
and embroidered slippers. Here is also a log cottage 
with its chimney of interlacing sticks. The Avoman 
of the house sits on the doorstep and a man is 
perched on the rail fence with his violin. In one 



Titll AMElilOAN BOOTH. 1()7 

corner of the little yard is a tiny wood pile and the 
lilliputian farmer has evidently done some chopping 
on one of the logs. This little cottage, intended to 
represent a scene in the " Arkansas Traveler," is the 
work of the inmates of the West Pennsylvania Insane 
Retreat at Dixmont near Pittsburgh, who have sent 
to the fair contributions of tiincy articles to the value 
of one hundred and fifty dollars. The tarleton drapery 
of this stand is studded with silver stars. 

The booth midway down this side of the hall is of 
double size and displays the American Hag. High 
above the entrance is a golden eagle resting on a 
globe. From his beak stream red, white and blue 
ribbons looped back with rich laces. Upon the wall 
is inscribed in evergreen letters, " Amekica, stripes 
for her foes, stars for her defenders." In the evening 
a series of gas jets forms the word " Excelsior." 
Below this is a niche in which stands a bust of 
Washington. The walls are covered with pictures 
illustrative of American history, portraits of her 
heroes, and military trophies and insignia. Crouched 
in one corner under a forest tree is a large deer, 
squirrels and birds are perched on the twigs, Indian 
trappings hang from the In-anches. 

The Genius of America is personated by the central 
figure of the group of attendants, costumed in the 
red, white and blue, decked with a galaxy of stars, 
and bearing the national insignia. An Indian maiden 
stands near, and with her jetty hair, deerskin robe, 
and barbaric trinkets of beads and tinkling bells, looks 
the dark eyed Pocahontas to the very life. Just 
behind is a matron in the costume of ''"70," while the 



168 LAKE COUNTY AND RUSSIA. 

spirit of the present day is symbolized by the semi-mili- 
tary cap on the head of a lady robed in army blue, 
with military buttons, chevrons and corps l;)adge. 
Indian curiosities, bouquets, trinkets in nameless 
variety, rich silks, laces, embroidered cloaks and many 
articles of elegant and tasteful ^\ orkmauship are dis- 
played here. 

The decorations of Lake county booth, which is 
next in order, are peculiarly elaborate and tasteful. 
Interlacing branches form the entrance arch, above 
which is a semi-circle of stars that encloses an eagle 
bearino- a banner inscribed with the name of the 
county. From the starry semi-circle is festooned a 
scroll with this motto, " Offerings of a grateful ^eo- 
pie to their brave and suffering defenders." On the 
branches that form the arch are the names of the 
battles in which the soldiers of Lake county have 
borne a part. An Indian club, shield, bow and 
quiver, with mirrors and pictures, make up the orna- 
mentation of this booth. A stand in front has also 
been pre-empted by Lake county and both are filled 
with beautiful needlework, designs in cones and 
mosses, models, toys and embroideries. 

Siberian snows, sledges and reindeer, ice palaces — 
all the characteristics of the arctic empire under 
autocratic sway, seem by magical ingenuity to find 
representation in the Russian booth. 

The incidental decorations are all appropriate. Over 
the front is a young bear, breaking his way through 
snow-laden fir branches. Stag horns and deer heads 
appear in the background, snow birds, minks and an 
arctic owl perch aloft. The l)0oth is tapestried and 



U...,x^r ^A ^T^»r.Tr " 



EllIN GO BEACtII. 109 

carpeted with soft aud costly skins. Pretty maidens 
in fur-edged garments of the latest Muscovite fashion 
invite the visitor to select from their loaded counters 
anythino- that will make a Siberian winter comforta- 
ble or add to the pleasures of the skating season. 

The Erie county booth is conspicuous for its motto, 
" We work and pray for our defenders." Lace cur- 
tains, flowers and hano-ino; baskets ornament the 
entrance, and beautiful shell, bead, and hair designs, 
cone frames, and usefuls in needlework are heaj'yed 
upon the tallies and suspended fi-om the walls. 

Ireland, the gem of the sea, has a booth well filled 
with fancy wares arranged with much taste. Lace 
draperies are surmounted by a green banner on which 
is the harj:) of Erin, with the national motto. The 
curtains are trimmed with shamrocks, the dark glossy 
leaves making a pretty effect against the white lace. 
The booth is roofed with evergreen arches and filled 
with mirrors, crucifixes and relics. A picture of 
Christ blessing little children hangs here, and the 
motto " Erin 2:0 lirag^h " is worked in shamrock leaves 
upon the inner wall. 

Merry lasses in rich In'ogue seduce money from the 
pockets of visitors, while Bidd}^ McCoy, in exagger- 
ated cap-border, harangues the crowd with native 
eloquence aud irresistible wit. 

The ladies of Columbiana county have the next 
booth, wdiich they have fitted up tastefully with 
wreaths and floral designs. The name of the county 
is in gilt letters over the entrance, with the motto 
*' Columbiana repudiates her traitor son." The sup- 
2)ly of articles on sale is large, varied and choice. 



170 THE EESTAURANt. 

The stand in front, occupied by tlie townships of 
SoLox and Chagrin Falls, is gaily festooned with tarle- 
ton and well filled with clever devices of needle, wool, 
and leather work, and useful articles of children's 
wear. Among the noticeable things here is a military 
coat into the lining of which is stitched the inscrip- 
tion, " None but the brave will I enfold." 

The visitor has now reached the west end of the 
hall, where the Restaurant, gay with its canopy of 
flags, its mirrors, pictures and curtains, and redolent 
of appetizing odors, tempts one to accept the hospi- 
talities of the notable housewives who are dispensing 
hot oysters, fragrant coffee, sandwiches, jellies, cakes 
and ices, over the long counter. 

After a refection in this pleasant nook, where smiles 
are served with every dish, one turns to the south- 
west corner where Medina county has opened a booth 
and filled it with domestic handicraft and fancy de- 
signs that heap the tables and load down the branches 
of an evergreen tree that stands in the background. 
A fine steel engraving of Henry Clay is the central 
decoration here and other pictures ornament the walls. 

The French booth is thoroughly characteristic. 
The fluted canopy within is of softest lace and gauze, 
showing the tri-color in the purity of rainbow hues. 
Delicate embroideries and rich cashmeres form the 
hangings everywhere. A portrait of the first Kapo- 
LEON overhangs the entrance. Innumerable articles 
of bijouterie adorn the walls. 

Sevres vases and ornaments, glove boxes, handker- 
chief cases and toilette nicknacks, perfumeries and 
lingerie are oftered by demoiselles in toilettes of 



BAUGHTERS OF MOLLY STARK. 171 

Parisian elegance, coqiiettisli grisette costume or Nor- 
mandy peasant dress. 

Maiionixct county booth is designated by a large 
eagle, ingeniously made of dried leaves, whicli spreads 
its broad wins^s over the front. Damask curtains form 
a draj^ery below. Among goods of every variety are 
beautiful afghans and rugs, leaf and cone work, and 
elaborate pen-drawing. One of the ladies in charge 
here appears every evening in genuine Chinese cos- 
tume of the present year. 

Turkish pipes, slippers, vases, pictures, cheroots, 
camel's hair shawls and scarfs are displayed in the 
next booth, which is hung with red and green in 
costly stuff's, glittering with golden crescents. The 
attendants here appear in oriental costiyne, splendid 
with " barbaric pearls and gold." 

The ladies of Stark county have done nobly in 
contributions. Their booth is tastefully ornamented 
and bears the inscription, " Loyal Daughters of Molly 
Stark, enlisted for the war." Fancy work is here in 
endless diversity, and an ample stock of ladies' and 
children's wear, besides patriotic pictures and a 
lithograph copy of the Emancipation proclamation. 
The abundance of Stark county has overfowed into 
the prettily decollated stand in front, where dainty 
needlework, woolwork, afghans, skeleton bouquets, 
and many other beautiful things are heaped up in 
bewildering confusion. The Massillon ladies have the 
immediate charge of this stand, its contents l)eing 
mostly of their preparation. They have shrewdly con- 
trived to make their contributions do double duty in 
the good cause, for they displayed at home the articles 



172 GERMAN LIBERALITY. 

prepared for the fair and cleared one hundred and 
sixty dollars 1>y tlie exhibition ! 

The German booth is one of double size, and the 
taste of the German ladies of Cleveland is disj^layed 
in every detail. A flag used in the revolution of '48, 
tasseled and faced with gold and intert^vined with the 
stars and stripes, a l:)ust of Schiller crowned with 
l^ays, the statuettes of two knights clad in armor, one 
reposing on his shield and the other in the attitude of 
attack, are skilfullv arrans-ed in decoration. The 
German motto — 

" O, Avalle liiu du Opferbraud 
Hinilber Land und Meer 
L^nd scliling ein edles Bruder band 
Um alle Volker her," 

is inscribed upon the inner wall. 

The well-known industry and skill of the Germans 
are shown in the endowment of their booth. They 
have a costly tapestry rug, mats and cushions in ber- 
lin-work, marvels of knitting and crotchet, glittering 
tinsel and bead- work, exquisite paintings on satin and 
velvet, an easy chair of million-stitched embroidery, 
Bohemian glassware, laces, jewelry, quaint china, 
meerschaums and pouches. There are for the little 
folks Christmas trees in full l:)earing and a curious 
mechanical picture. 

The ladies attending here are all native Germans, 
from the statel}^ " damen " of the court to the high- 
capped peasantry with their wooden shoes and 
knitting work. One gay little fraulein is dressed as 
a dashing young German soldier, in uniform of scarlet 
and gold- 

AsHTABULA couuty lias the next booth, hung with 



SENOKITAS AND BUCKEYE GIRLS. 173 

laces and evergreens, above wliich is a drapery in 
blue, spangled witli golden stars and enwreathing a 
bust of Lincoln. " Ashtabula," in gilt lettering upon 
a rustic arcli of hemlock twigs, flashes in tlie rear. 
Several fine engravings adorn the walls, autographs of 
Lincoln are for sale here, and useful and fancy o;oods 
of every variety. 

Newburgii township has a stand in front of Ashta- 
bula. This is tastefully decked with gauze and 
o-arlands and filled to overflow with iuo;enious devices 
in every material and substantial for household use. 

The orange and red colors of Spain 2:)revail in the 
next booth. " Querida Hispania," in letters of gold, 
is the motto here. Two guitars are crossed above the 
entrance, and a warbling canary in a gilded cage is 
suspended beneath them. 

This booth is arrano-ed with much taste and filled 
Avitli characteristic ^vares, among which are parasols, 
fans, veils, coifture ornaments, tortoise-shell trinkets, 
cigarettes, and Cuban curiosities. 

Dark eyed senoritas and bewitching peasant girls 
fitly represent this land of enchantment. 

Portage county booth is draped ^vith laces and 
decorated wdth flags and festooning garlands. Pic- 
tures and brackets cover the walls of the interior, and 
everywhere are displayed beautiful sjoecimens of 
handiwork, breakfast shawls of gossamer texture and 
brilliant hues, cone and shell frames, photograj)lis, 
embroidered baskets and innumerable articles of orna- 
ment or service. 

The townships of Ekuoxlyn, Koyalton, Erigiitox 
and Dover unite in the next stand. This is distin- 



174 ENGLAND AND YANKEE LAND. 

g-uished by a pair of ononuous antlers that sui'inount 
it, and abounds in treasures of industry and skill. 

The royal arms of Great llivitain designate the 
Enolish booth, whieh is elaborately draped and gar- 
landed with flowers. A lion peeps out from his eovert, 
and the ihig of the nation floats proudly t)ver the 
whole. Portraits of Vr^tokia and Au'.Kirr, a fox 
liuntini-' scene, a erieket mateh and other distiiu'tivelv 
national embellislunents are seen within. 

Two hidies attend here costumed as tlie aristocracy 
and the third is as rosy a country lass as ever tripped 
over tlie downs. C'hlhhvn's suits handsomely trim- 
med, end)roidered handkerclnefs, engraA^ings, rich and 
tasteful articles of all kinds make u]) the valuable 
stock. 

Some modern kimi- Aktiiuk lias made a i>enuine 
English pudding, "and stuft'ed it all with jdums." 
This is served hot, at evening, in this booth. 

TRU^kiBFLL county is represented in the next booth, 
and the ladies have crowded every corner and piled 
the tables with things of beauty and utilit}'. " Old 
Trund)ull, slow but sure," is the motto, and beneath 
this are hangings of tinted gauze, festooned and 
trinnned with evergreens. Scarfs, sontags, children's 
clothing, shawls, canvas embroider)' and fam-y knit- 
tins: ivre to be found here. 

A constant crowd, shouts of laughter and the high- 
pitched nasal twang of the genuine " down-easter '' 
are xuunistakable guides to the Yankee booth, which 
in essence and spirit is Yankee land itself in carica- 
ture. 

An ea^T'le, the national tlag and Union Jack and an 



TJIE POST OFFICE. 175 

arch of colored ^lolx's, form the eiitrunce to this New 
Eni;-hin(l kitchen. Ilei'c the hospitable mistress, with 
scant gown, high comh, and hnge feather fan, hustles 
about, sets a straiglit-backed wooden chair for lici* 
custoniei", dispenses doughnuts, cidtjr, chewing gum, 
patent liniment and a host of notions, drives a shrewd 
bargain, launches a sharp joke, and gives her orders 
to the pert ^' gals '' wlio assist her. 

Holmes county and the St. Claik Koad Society 
share together a booth in the southeast corner of the 
liall. " Holmes " encircled ^vith evero-reens desimiates 
this l)ooth, which is draped in the national colors. A 
little goddess of liberty, in full regalia, stands on the 
counter. (Quilting and piecework, frames of moss, 
cone and leather, knitted usefuls and pretty oddities 
fill up the tables here. 

Now, the sound of a post horn announces that "■ the 
mail is in," and the crowd surges towards the Post 
Office. Every a])])licant is sure of a letter by bal- 
loon mail from any part of the world, ^vithout a 
moment's detention. The rates of postage may be 
high, but the news is always good and so fresh that 
the wafer has scarcely dried above it. St, Valentine 
has kindly consented to postpone his anniversary, for 
this occasion only, and has thrown his entire business 
into the hands of the obliging clerks whose bright 
eyes peep out from the curtained apertures of the 
Sanitaiy Fair post office. Business letters, marked 
" ofticial," " immediate," and " important," are handed 
out with great despatch. That open sheet, Avhich its 
possessor has just read with so much delight, contains 
good news from the agent of his Spanish estates. 



176 THE JSTEWSPAPER. 

This one gives notice of the fortunate completion of 
his castles in the air. A third bears the tidings of a 
legacy left by an orange-colored uncle in the East 
Indies. Here, a brave soldier is astonished by receiv- 
ing orders to report immediately to the War Depart- 
ment to take command of the army of the Potomac ; 
and there, a citizen of doubtful political complexion 
is confounded with a voluminous document of greeting 
from his friends over the line and a commission as 
Major General in the rebel army ! 

Photographs, postage stamps and autographs are on 
sale here, and a pretty juvenile book, called " Mam- 
ma's talks with Charlie," which is dedicated to the 
fair and published expressly for it. 

Having made the tour of the booths that are rauged 
around the bazaar hall, one turns to look down the 
center, where a large platform stand is occupied as 
the office of the Sanitary Fair Gazette. Here the 
matter for that spicy little sheet is set up and 
printed. One corner is the " sanctum " where two 
young ladies are scissoring and scribbling with edi- 
torial dignity, taking instantaneous pen-and-ink views 
of the panorama below, and eagerly accepting the 
communications of contributors. 

At their elbow a compositor is putting these hasty 
notes into type, and in the other corner of this tiny 
establishment a two-power press is throwing off the 
semi-daily issue, which is folded and sold through the 
halls by a corps of little girls, enrolled and badged 
as carriers. 

Telegraph wires link the Gazette office with Floral 
Hall and the Museum, and lively messages are con- 



A FORMIDABLE BATTERY. 177 

stantly flying over them. Communication has been 
established, too, with the associated press. The latest 
war despatches are to be found in the columns of this 
little paper, and this gives it ready sale. 

Evidently, the amateur editors of the Gazette are 
prepared to defend or enforce their opinions, for an 
array of gleaming artillery shows its inch-scale pro- 
jiortions over the parapet of the little office. This 
formidable battery consists of four miniature guns 
from the celebrated Fort Pitt works, models of the 
monster fifteen and twenty inch Dahlgren and Rod- 
man guns. 

Under the shadow of these guns sits an armless 
soldier, soliciting from passers the money to buy arti- 
ficial arms. An enthusiastic woman has established 
her desk near and is obtaining names to a loyal league 
association. 

In the rear of the Gazette office and quite in the 
center of the hall, four cashiers are enthroned under 
a starry canopy. Their practised fingers are scarcely 
nimble enough to answer the demands for " change " 
and " cash " that come in from every quarter. Over 
their desk hangs a large nugget of California gold, 
suspended by a chain carved by a miner from a 
solid piece of wood. Near by is a little stand dis- 
playing the American and English colors and fancifully 
decked with balls of colored glass. On the supporting 
columns, snow-owls and wood duck are perched. An 
aquarium filled with fish and two cases of stuffed 
birds stand in front. Within, a glass blower is work- 
ing his enchantments, creating beautiful and endlessly 
varied figures that are sold to the delighted spectators. 



\2 



\ 



178 THE BOWER OF REST. 

Glass is spun fine as a liair, tied into skeins and sold. 
Microscopes and lenses are to be found here. 

In a hollow square formed by four tables covered 
with an attractive display of sweet things and brightly 
decorated, a group of young misses have opened a 
candy store to the great temptation of the little folks. 

A circular pavilion fitted up with sofas, easy chairs 
and piano, is called the " bower of rest." Here the 
tired visitor may secure half an hour's sitting, with a 
sightly outlook upon the whole scene. The young 
ladies in charge here are pleasant and cordial hostesses. 

Pianos, melodeons, sewing machines and a sideboard 
are gathered into this part of the room, and later in 
the progress of the fair the bower of rest is perverted 
from its hosi:)itable uses and filled by a billiard table 
too lar2;e to find room elsewhere. 

Every available space upon the columns is occupied 
by fancy clocks, j^ictures and brackets, for which no 
place could be found in the booths. One column is 
devoted to a collection of battlefield memorials of the 
unknown dead, — photographs, trinkets and letters, — 
placed here with the hope of identification by some 
friend. 

A little stand near the exit door, in which sits a 
policeman who takes charge of lost articles, is the 
only one that remains to be noticed. 

Two rooms on either side of the entrance are de- 
voted to the use of committees. That on the right is 
the ofiice of the Executive Committee, the registra- 
tion committee and the secretaries, and is general 
business head(|uarters. 

Above the grim surroundings of this busy corner 



THE "crazy bedquilt." 179 

hangs the " crazy bedqiiilt," a grotesque piece of news- 
paper patchwork, which is sold by lot every day, with 
the express condition that the unlucky possessor is 
not oliliged to keep it, but will be allowed to present 
it to the fair. A considerable sum of money and a 
great deal of fun are realized l)y this transaction 
which takes place every noon just as the clock strikes 
twelve. 

The room on the left is given up to the ladies of 
the fancy-work committees who receive here all arti- 
cles contributed to the bazaar, and appraise and ticket 
them l)efore distributing them upon the tables of the 
booths. 

Two store rooms are in the rear of the committee 
rooms. 



CHAPTER X. 

FLORAL HALL. 

The crowning beauty of the fair and tlie feature 
that will be longest remembered by the visitor is 
the Floral Hall. 

Here, well skilled art, taking its text from nature, 
has created bowers fit for the garden of a king ; 
grottoes that might have been fairy homes ; waterfalls, 
I'ocky hillsides and tangled copses that vie with na- 
ture itself 

The hall is an octagon, seventy-five feet in diameter, 
standing in the center of the Square. The rotunda 
rises sixty -five feet, enclosing the statue of Commo- 
dore Perry, a central object, to which all parts of the 
general desigu are subordinate. 

High above, n fluted canopy of the American colors 
breaks the efl^ect of the evergreen-thatched walls, and 
the light from the dome throws forest shadows across 
winding paths and mossy banks. 

Rising around the >'jedestal of the statue are designs 
which merit a detailed description. 

That on the south is a natural hillside of the 
Alleghanies, rocky and pjecipitous, with rhododen- 
drons, cedars, kalmias, sumaoh and other wild moun- 
tain growth, struggling out between huge boulders. 

\ ? 



FLORAL HALL. l8l 

On tlie north side is a deep grotto of lichen covered 
rocks, old tree trunks and fungi, and carpeted with 
spongy moss. Within the grotto is a marble figure, 
illuminated by a concealed light from above. 

The west side represents a forest nook, a wild tan- 
gle of ferns, roots and weeds. From the rocky summit 
a cascade shoots down over the spreading roots of a 
fallen tree. A lonely bittern is perched on the old 
stump. Further down, the stream widens into a 
sedgy pool and on its slimy edge an alligator expands 
his bristling jaws. 

On the east face of the mound is a master-piece of 
patience, taste and skill. The design is of a scene on 
the upper Rhine, and the elaborate details will bear 
the closest scrutiny while the general effect is j^erfect. 

A picturesque castle crowns the summit of precip- 
itous rocks. Tower and donjon are boldly presented 
above the highest pinnacle. Down the steep moun- 
tain winds the road communicating with the estates 
below. A cascade leaps forth from the rocks and 
turns the wheel of a mill that is grinding the wheat 
for the baron and his vassals. Lower down is a cot- 
tage full of busy life. Here is a beautiful rural scene. 
Children, joeasants, a cow, pet lambs, dogs and poultry 
are grouped in the little farm-yard. Cattle and goats 
are browsing on the hillsides, a shepherd tends his 
flock on the plateau. At the base is a pond, its banks 
overgrown with ferns and water plants. A fountain 
in the center sends up a grateful stream. An angler 
on a point of rock just below is struggling to land 
his fish. On the mountain road are tiny figures of 
peasantry going to and from the castle, — the farmer's 



182 ARBORS AND COTTAGES. 

boy on his patient donkey, the miller's cart loaded 
with sacks of grain, the laborer carrying home his 
grist, peasant girls gracefully balancing their heavy 
burdens. 

The rotunda is supported by eight pillars covered 
Avith laurel and hemlock to simulate forest trees. 
Evergreen arches extend from pillar to pillar and fes- 
toons of rare flowers hang from every arch. Rustic 
vases and statuettes peep out from niches in the leaf 
covered walls, birds' nests are cunningly hidden in the 
branches, rabbits and wood-mice burrow in the mossy 
hummocks. 

In the corners of the hall, outside the circle of 
columns, are arbors and cottages of rustic work. 

The first on the right, as one enters the hall from 
the south, is a picturesque structure of logs and rough 
bark in three compartments. One is occupied as an 
office for the sale of fruit trees, plants, shrubs and 
vines, on commission from the city nurseries. The 
middle division is a fruit store where apples, grapes, 
nuts, canned fruits, cordials and native wines are sold 
by a bevy of young ladies. The third room of this 
little building contains a telegraph station whence 
messages are sent to the other halls or to any part of 
the country, the wires being in connection with the 
general Telegraph office. Here, also, is a stand for 
the sale of books on farming or horticulture and 
for subscriptions to agricultural magazines and news- 
papers. 

In the northeast corner is a beautiful summer-house 
consisting of sections of two octagonal buildings con- 
nected by an ornamental trellis. The whole is of 



THE WIGWAM. 18;3 

open rustic work, wreathed with ivy and trailing 
plants and covered by a latticed vine-shaded roof. 

The right wing of this bower is devoted to the sale 
of cone work. Elegant specimens in every variety 
decorate the front and hang in profusion within. The 
central part is in charge of flower girls in costuDie, 
who offer blooming plants, wax flowers and exquisite 
bouquets. The left wing is roofed with fragrant pine 
and hemlock boughs and filled with rustic brackets, 
vases, frames and carvings. The attendants here are 
in the fanciful dress of Swiss peasants. 

A pyramid of flowering plants separates this bower 
from the structure that occupies the center of the 
north side. This structure was designed for a gothic 
cottage, the general outline being in that style. It 
has, however, been forcibly seized by a tribe of 
Indians who have converted it into a wigwam, put 
their big bark canoe away for the winter on the 
thatched roof, hung up their snow-shoes and bows 
and arrows over the door, placed a great grey owl, 
a white coon and a huge pair of antlers on the 
gable peak, as trophies of the chase, hung up the 
skins, taken in many a hunt, in the interior of the 
wigwam, and folded a couple of birch-bark tents 
away in a corner. 

The " big Injun " has buried the hatchet and sits 
in the doorway, in all the glory of wampum and 
feathers, smoking a peaceful pipe. The squaws and 
dark eyed maidens who dwell in the tent of this 

mighty redskin, resplendent in all the trinketry of 
beads and quill embroidery, are silently plying their 

arts or in pantomime ofl:ering for sale their moccasins, 

fans, bead work and mococks. 



184 TTiE "wayside inn. 

Another stand of flowers intervenes l^etween the 
wigwam and a rustic pagoda covered with thatch and 
trellised. 

The right wing of this building is an ice cream 
stand assiduously tended day and evening by ladies 
who find ready sale for the dainties they spread. The 
other wing is charmingly fitted up as a tea garden, 
where quaint old china is filled with tea or coffee for 
the refreshment of the weary visitor. The obliging 
mistress of this little nook has tea by the chest or 
pound, Chinese fans, trinkets and puzzles, to tempt 
the passers. 

The main portion of this building, connecting the 
two wings, is a vine- wreathed verandah enclosed by a 
rustic paling whose wicket gate stands hospitably 
open. Over the porch swings the sign, " Wayside 
Inn." The sweet notes of a music-box, choice engrav- 
ings, capacious garden chairs and the smiles of fair 
hostesses invite entrance here, to rest awhile, served 
with refreshments from the ice cream booth or the 
tea garden on either side, which connect by lattices 
with this little hostelry. 

In the southwest corner, near the exit door, is a 
modest cottage. Its time-stained roof is covered with 
moss, and creeping plants climb over the gnarled 
trunks that support its overhanging porch. Here 
some artificial-flower makers seem to have fixed their 
huml)le abode, and the bouquets and wreaths they 
sell almost rival nature's floral beauties. 

Two wild eyed gipsies are inviting passers to cross 
their swarthy hands with silver and learn the mjs- 
teries of fate. By the shouts of laughter that issue 



RUSTIC WORK. 185 

from their tent in the edge of the forest yonder, it 
may be inferred that the star of hapjDy fortune directs 
their prophesies. 

Between the entrance and exit doors is an aviary. 
Sweet- voiced canaries fill the air with song, a mocking 
bird pipes his shrill notes, and stuffed birds of bright 
plumage are perched upon the shrubbery. 

In front is an enclosure where stuffed beasts are 
grouped in a copse of forest underwood, with marble 
figures, beautiful flowers, grottoes and a plashing foun- 
tain. This little spot is called the Garden of Eden. 

On each side of the paths that run their winding 
course through the hall are fancy stands, garden 
chairs, flowering plants, jets, and countless designs in 
rustic work. 

A moss-grown stumj) forming a pedestal for the sup- 
port of a globe of gold fish, a floAver stand curiously 
inlaid with pebbles and shells, a tree trunk and its 
branches fashioned into a garden ornament and bear- 
ing a number of hanging baskets, a cottage of pebbles 
and another of moss, a fountain falling into a marble 
basin, a cottage contrived from ears of corn, a gothic 
church built of pebbles and glass, a curious figure of 
an officer on horseback, wholly constructed from moss 
and lichens, a model farm house furnished throughout, 
a forest stump glossy with mistletoe, a Christmas 
tree well laden, an azalia tree with three thousand 
blossoms, a temple of beauty, and a model for a 
monument to the defenders of the Union, are a few 
of these. 

Floral Hall is heated to the temperature of summer 
by steam furnaces concealed beneath the floor. The 



186 mechanics' hall. 

wuriu moist atmosphere adds to the illusion under 
which one wanders through this Avilderness of forest 
and fountain. 

All the halls of the fair open at 10 A. M. and close 
at 10 P. M. Four nia^hts in each week a dance is 
announced in Floral Hall immediately after the for- 
mal closing. An extra admission of one dollar a 
couple is charged to the dancers. The green in front 
of the Wayside Inn gives space for twenty quadrille 
sets. The novelty of dancing in this fairy dell and 
the fancy costumes of many of the dancers complete 
the enchantment of the scene. 

MECHANICS' HALL. 

Mechanics' Hall is now Avell filled with machinery, 
merchandise and produce. From such a variety of 
contrilnitions it is impossible to single out those most 
worthy of record. The stove manufacturers and 
dealers have almost blockaded passage by their nu- 
merous patents in parlor and cook stoves, which are 
ticketed with a list of wonderful achievements per- 
formed with fabulous economy of fuel. All are 
warranted " to save half the wood," and some will 
save the whole — • by burning coal ! A row of patent 
spring-beds, looking like an array of gigantic steel 
traps, leads through a forest of hay-forks, cradling- 
scythes, step-ladders, hoes and axe handles. 

One emerges from these into a labyrinth of monster 
machines for field and farm house. Hay elevators, 
reapers and mowers, plows, fanning mills, corn plant- 
ers, cultivators, clover hullers, cider presses, straw 
cutters, seed drills and self-opening gates succeed to 



ITS CONTRIBUTIONS. 187 

cheese vats, churns, water drawers, clothes wringers, 
patent drying horses and grinding mills. Sewing 
machines, chairs, lounges and other cabinet ware, 
melodeons, pianos and a billiard table, properly 
classed in this hall, have been removed to the Bazaar 
as a more appropriate place of exhibition. 

Cutters, wagons, harness, bridles, saddles, platform 
scales, sheets of boiler plate, steel bars, all sorts of 
stoneware, coal oil lamps, casks of glassware, grind- 
stones, willow cabs, wheelbarrows, patent wheel 
chairs, patent wagon gear, patent oil l)arrels, a brass 
oil pump, a steamboat gong of beautiful finish, a set 
of blank books, marble mantle and grate, rolls of oil 
cloth and bales of oakum catch the eye in a hasty 
survey of the long room. 

Each article is ticketed with the business card of 
the donor, and exhibitors are here to press the merits 
of their inventions. 

In the center of the hall a little steam engine is 
puffing out its hot breath in an honest endeavor to 
supply motive power to nail-making, shoe-pegging and 
knitting machines that are working busily away for 
the amusement of bystanders and giving the product 
of their labor to swell the receipts of the fair. 

Near by is a model of a patent reversible oscilla- 
ting engine, so tiny that a man may cover it with his 
hat, yet so plucky as to try a brisk race with the 
larger engine. 

Two sleek setter dogs, coupled together, are tugging 
at their chain, in ineifectual leaps toward some fancy 
fowls that are uncomfortably cooped up, a pig pokes 
his nose through the bars of a little enclosure, a 



188 REl^'RESHMENT HAtt. 

grey wolf looks greedily from his kennel at some 
sheep that are panting in their narrow pen. Two 
horses stand at the rear door, ticketed to attract pur- 
chasers. 

Groceries in packages, cheeses, jars and kegs of 
butter and ^ggf^, firkins of apple-butter, poultry, hams, 
sacks and barrels of flour, grain, apples and vegetables 
are heaped up in the rear end of the hall, which is the 
province of the produce committee. 

Here, at the open door, a grocery and produce shop 
has been established and trade is invited from the 
crowd outside. Poultry and dairy stores are sent to 
replenish the supplies of the dining hall, if need 
arises there, and the unsold barrels of vegetables are 
despatched to the Aid Rooms and from thence, with 
other Sanitary stores, to the army. 

Loads of wood are sold at auction every day from 
the rear door, and the pledges of coal dealers, for 
delivery of coal from the mines in the coming fall. 

REFRESHMENT HALL. 

The stentorian announcement of " dinner," enforced 
by the deafening uproar of a gong, draws a crowd of 
hungry sight-seers towards the Dining Hall. 

When the great double doors are thrown open, 
they disclose a wreathed and l^annered room, long and 
spacious. Two tables run the entire length of the 
hall and shorter ones are ranged on either side at 
right angles with the wall. All are bouquet-bedecked, 
spread with glittering neatness, and furnished in 
abundance with the best that town and country can 
supply. 



GOOD CHEEE. 189 

The presiding genii, grouped near the entrance, 
smile a cordial welcome and consign each guest to the 
assiduous care of some one of the host of pretty girls 
who, in tidy chintz, with coquettish apron, bewitch- 
ing cap, and symbolic waiter and napkin, are flitting, 
nimble-footed, through the hall. 

Comfortably seated at one of the tables, — which is 
numbered to correspond with the figures stamped 
upon the badge of the attendant Hebe, — there ensues 
a feast of fat things that abides with savory memory 
even unto this day. 

No niggardly restaurant meal is this, with infinitesi- 
mal dishes placed and removed in clatter and confusion 
by waiters whose tardy steps are Avinged only by a 
fee. It is a generously appointed board, where one 
may linger long, served with a grace that would con- 
vert a life-long ascetic to the pleasures of the table. 

The ambition of each attendant for the supply of 
her table often tempts an audacious raid into the store 
room, or a sly poaching upon a neighbor's domain for 
the coveted chicken pie which is a popular and leading 
dish in the Sanitary fair dining room. The gallant 
skirmishing that follows no doubt sharpens the relish 
for these stolen fruits and adds not a little to the 
amusement of those who profit thereby. 

Everybody dines here, for Cleveland housekeepers 
would deem it treason to the good cause to spread any 
rival attractions at home. 

All the guests are enthusiastic over the good cheer 
and every body leaves the dining hall on the best of 
terms with himself and all the world, first buying his 
post-prandial cigar of the Turkish beauty who sits 
near the exit door. 



190 MYSTERIOUS PRECINCTS. 

Far be it from the purposes of this report to set an 
intrusive foot within the kitchens beyond, where hot 
and worried committee women give orders and counter 
orders to a throng of cooks and scullions, enveloped in 
the steam of seething, boiling and endless dishwashing ; 
or into the store rooms and larder, where other digni- 
taries, in their role of caterers to this great eating 
house, measure out the provisions and weigh the 
probabilities of to-morrow's demand. 

If anxieties arose in these mysterious precincts they 
were bravely wrestled with and cast out. It is enough 
to say, in praise of the generosity of donors and the 
efficiency of managers, that during the sixteen days' 
continuance of the fair one thousand persons were 
entertained here daily, without sensible depletion of 
the plethora of good things. 

Dinner was served from 12 o'clock till 2^ P.M., 
tea from 6 o'clock till 71 and supper at the close of 
the evening entertainments, and all at a charge that 
ran in dangerous competition with modern hotel prices. 

FINE ART HALL. 

Leaving the varied attractions of the fair building 
and passing to the Court House at the northwest 
corner of the park, a new pleasure awaits the visitor. 

Judge, jury and counsel have resigned their seats at 
the demand of philanthropy. The great Court room 
has been converted into a gallery where the art 
treasures collected by the wealth and taste of citizens, 
or l)roufrht from the artist's studio, are exhibited for 
the benefit of the fair. The number of paintings is 
small, — about one hundred and fifty, — but the selec- 



FINE AET HALL. 191 

tion has been careful and some of the best modern 
artists are represented here. 

The copies from old masters are a fine Aurora, the 
Transfiguration, the Nativity, the Madonna contem- 
plating the crown of thorns, Judith and Ilolofernes, 
and a head of St. Paul. Among the best of the 
originals are a portrait of Mary Queen of Scots l:»y 
Holbein, a Magdalen by Guercino, a fine head of King 
Lear, Autumn on the White Mountains by Wm. Hart, 
a New England scene by James Hart, two of Beard's 
studies of animals, a poultry yard by Lemmens, Mig- 
not's sunset on the White Mountains, a head by Kauf 
man, a drinking scene by Teniers, a bit of sandy beach 
by Brown, a storm on the moor and landscape and 
cattle by Van Stalkenberg, a scene on the Kanawha 
and the hunter's lunch by Sontag, a landscape by 
Paul Weber, Swiss mountain scenery by Miiller, 
De Berg's Giant of the Alps, a Dutch interior by 
Manzoni, Washington and Lafayette at Mount Vernon 
by K-ossiter and Mignot, several landscape and cattle 
pieces by Weir, some bold scenery in Oregon and New 
Mexico by Wyant, a number of landscapes by Clough, 
several winter views of merit, still life studies, the 
Courtship of Miles Standish, two figure pieces by Lily 
Spencer, two striking water colors by Hamilton, and 
a gem of finished painting called the " Nameless Pill." 

A cast of Canova's Ecce Homo, a number of fine 
bronzes, busts of statesmen, medallion heads and 
figures skilfully arranged on black velvet, a collection 
of Rogers' statuette groups, and some choice engravings 
add to the attractions of the room. Many pictures in 
water colors, oil and pencil, contributed^by amateur or 



192 THE MUSEUM. 

professed artists, were sold by auction at the close of 
the fair and tlie proceeds placed to the credit of the 
the Art Gallery. 

MUSEUM. 

Four rooms adjoining Fine Art Hall are filled with 
curiosities, relics and trophies, composing the MusEu:\r, 
Here, to prevent a confused passing and repassing in 
the narrow ways between cabinets of heaped-up 
wonders, a labyrinthine Avalk has l)een contrived, 
forming a continuous circuit from entrance to exit. 

The guiding hand-rail is tAvined with tri-color and 
all the decorations of the rooms are appropriate and 
eifective. Ladies and gentlemen of the committee are 
here to point out or explain the curiosities and to 
superintend the sale of such as have been given to 
the fair. 

The first room contains minerals, ores and the 
wonders of geology, zoology and ornithology. Insects 
from foreign lands, rare, curious, repulsive or beautiful, 
are impaled here in great nmnbers. This collection is 
thought to be unusually good. 

Relics of the pre-historic inhabitants of the State are 
seen, — stone axes, mauls, skids, and pieces of wood 
marked with axes wielded fifteen centuries ago. 

The collection of weapons and missiles is large, — 
from the cruel implements of savage destruction to 
the latest inventions of modern warfare. Guns from 
Austria, Russia, Germany, Spain and England are 
among these, and there are many relics and trophies 
of the Revolution, the w^ar of 1812, the Mexican war 
and the great rebellion. There is a fine collection of 



ITS TREASUEES. 193 

specimens of all the arms ever used in the wars of 
America down to the present time. 

Almost every battle-field of this war is represented 
by guns that did loyal service or were dishonored by 
rebel hands, while the flags they defended and the 
flags they captured hang their scarred and tattered 
folds above them. There are all varieties of shells and 
balls, canister, solid and spherical case-shot. Here is 
a pistol that Putnam pulled at the red coats in the 
gallant days of '76, pistols taken at Bunker Hill, at 
the Redan, at Lookout and Shiloh. 

Side by side with trophies of later wars are memen- 
toes of our earliest national history, — swords of the 
revolution, and more graceful heirlooms in the sha23e 
of colonial documents and worm eaten title deeds, 
bearing the signatures of great and noble names. 

Countless autographs of men brave, wise and good, 
in every degree of illegibility, one thousand rare 
coins of every date and nation, Chinese curiosities 
and pictures, collections from the Holy Land, speci- 
mens of ancient Jewish caligraphy. Sandwich Island 
calabash, mats, and catamaran boats, old English 
manuscript, exquisitely beautiful Roman mosiac-work, 
bright colored blankets from New Mexico, broken 
stocks and fetters from a Charleston slave pen, a 
palmetto tree from Hilton Head, relics from the May- 
flower, the original ordinance of secession of Louisiana, 
a walrus-skin coat from Siberia, a wedding dress one 
hundred years old. South Sea Island war clubs, rail- 
road torpedoes from rebeldom, a mummy shawl, Arab 
and Nubian costume, carvings from chamois horn, 
ancient Venetian vases, and Theban idols, — in this 

1 3 



194 ArEMORIALS. 

thesaurus of things rare, curious and antique, these 
are only a few of tlie most striking. Two fine stereo- 
scopes, well supplied with choice views, have been 
fitted up here for tlie entertainment of visitors. 

The fourth room of the Museuim is filled with arti- 
cles that have been given to the fair and are to be 
sold for its benefit. Among these are photographs and 
autographs of leading generals, and a large variety of 
shell ornaments, skilfully cut, brooches, necklaces, 
rings and pins, elaborately carved pipes, curious frames 
and mauA^ trinkets, the Avork of the soldier's leisure 
hours in camp, ^\•illingly ottered to the Sanitary fair. 
Ruder in execution are the memorials of prison life, — 
carvings of wood and bone, done to charm away hun- 
ger and heartache. 

Sadder relics still are the trinkets gathered from 
the unknown dead of many a battle-field. The most 
of these were collected by a detail of soldiers, who, 
about a month before the fair opened, visited the fields 
of Chickamauga, Lookout, Kinggold and Mission 
Ridge to cover the yet imburied bodies of the Union 
dead. From all upon whom any scrap of paper, en- 
velope, picture, trinket or name could be found, these 
were taken, constituting a collection of about one 
hundi'ed articles. These memorials have been sent to 
the fair for possible identification. Lists of these are 
published daily in the Gazette. A number of tliem 
have been delivered to friends, their only souvenir of 
the lost. 

Towards the close of the fair, daily auctions were 
held of the museum property not disposed of by pri- 
vate sale. 



CHAPTER XL 

EVENING ENTEKTAINMENTS. 

Apakt from the attractions of the fair ])roper Avere 
evening entertainments of interesting and varied char- 
acter, given in the Audience Room and at the Academy 
of Music. 

These opened with tableaux vivants and music, so 
enthusiastically received and so well meriting favor 
that again and again, on succeeding evenings, a repeti- 
tion was demanded. No entertainments ever offered 
in Cleveland were more deservedly popular and none 
contributed so largely, with so insignificant outlay, to 
the pecuniary success of the fair. The obliging readi- 
ness of taldeaux committees and musical artistes and 
amateurs to prepare at short notice these charming 
exhibitions on several occasions when other announced 
amusements accidentally failed, merits grateful record 
here. 

Such representations as " Franklin at the coui-t of 
France," the "Artist's Studio," the " Picture Gallery," 
the " Vision of Queen Catharine," the six scene pan- 
tomime of the " Mistletoe Bough," and some of the 
patriotic tableaux shown on these occasions will 
remain in memory a joy forever. 

1 9 5 



196 CONTINENTAL TEA-PARTY. 

A unique and admirable entertainment was pro- 
jected by ladies and gentlemen of Painesville and 
furnished and carried out exclusively by themselves. 

This was a Continental tea-party in tlie costume 
and style of 1776. The following is the card of invi- 
tation that was issued : 

George Washington and lady, 

Mary the mother of Washington, 

General Putnam and lady, 

General Stark and lady. 

General Greene and lady. 

General Warren and lady, 

General Knox and lady, 

General Marion and lady. 

Marquis de Lafayette, 

James Madison and lady, 

Thomas Jefferson and lady, 

John Hancock and lady, 

John Jay and lady, 

Robert Morris and lady, 

Alexander Hamilton and lady. 

Young ladies, belles of 1776, 

Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Franklin, 

Quaker family, descendants of Wm. Penn, 

Indians, 

Van Horn and Shipping families. 
Will be pleased to see their friends to tea from 9 to 10 P. M., in the 
Audience Room of the Sanitary Fair building. Gentlemen ushers and 
colored servants in attendance. 
Friday, February 26th. 

The only drawback to the enjoyment of this even- 
ing was a lack of space in the great Audience Room. 
So vast was the crowd of guests that not one half 
could partake of the bountiful refreshments or shake 
hands with or even see the hosts and hostesses who so 
admirably represented, in dress and demeanor, the fair 
women and brave men of the revolution. 

The tea tables of the Continentals were arranged 



MANNERS OF THE OLD SCHOOL* 197 

in the center of the hall and set with the taste and 
precision of the olden time. The delicate china and 
massive silverware upon them were treasured heir- 
looms that had come down as precious family relics 
from generation to generation. The pewter platters 
on the hospitable board of the Yankee Shipping 
family bore the date 1721 on their broad rim. 

The most interesting of the relics were upon the 
table of General and Mrs. Washington. In the center 
stood an enormous punch bowl, rich and quaint, from 
which Washino-ton once drank, and beside it were 
two tall candlesticks used by Lafayette on the occa- 
sion of a visit in Hartford. A chair placed at this 
table was one in which Washington, Lafayette, Tal- 
leyrand and Count Rochambeau had sat, and over 
which Dr. Bellamy had often prayed. 

Beautiful tableaux were presented at intervals, as 
tea was being served and gossiped over. After the 
tea drinking was done the Continentals passed across 
the stage and were formally presented to their guests. 
They also made the tour of the hall so far as the 
crowd would permit, and omitted nothing that would 
gratify their guests and make the entertainment ge- 
nial and hospitable. 

Their rich costumes, dignified carriage and careful 
personation of look and manner pictured with the 
vividness of reality the true ladies and gentlemen of 
the old school, the distinguished men and women of '76. 
Nothing was caricatured. The Quakers, the Indians, 
the Van Horn and Shipping families and even the 
ushers and colored servants were truthful representa- 
tives of the persons, tastes, dresses, customs and 
humors of the early days of the Republic. 



19s oM) folks' concert. 

On Monday of the second week, tlie Amateur 
Dramatic club gave tlieir first performance, — the 
"Honeymoon," — with great success, following this 
with a repetition of tlie " Mistletoe Bough," which 
liad Ijeen already twice received with unusual favor. 
This was given in the Academy of Music where the 
actors could have the benefit of stage scener}^ 

The next evening an Old Folks' Concert was given 
in the Audience Room. The spacious stage was occu- 
pied by two hundred singers, representing the best 
vocal talent of Ohio, and dressed in the quaint style 
of the olden time. The music was the good old fash- 
ioned melody that delighted our grandfathers and 
grandmothers in their younger days, and was well 
rendered by this great choir with orchestral accom- 
paniment. Every piece on the long programme was 
loudly applauded and several were called for again 
and ao-ain. The o-randest of the whole was " Corona- 
tion," in which the audience took part. The concert 
closed with the " Doxology in long metre," in which 
the assembly rose and joined. 

This concert gave delight to both young and old, — 
to the young as they looked upon ancestral dresses 
and listened to ancestral symphonies, — especially to 
the old as they looked back, by the light of this new 
reminder, to the days of long ago. A general desire 
was expressed that the " old folks " repeat their con- 
cert. 

A grand exhibition of the Sons of Malta, with 
public initiation ceremonies, was the announcement 
for the next evening. Curiosity had been roused to 
the highest point by various dark hints and mysterious 



SONS OF MALTA. 199 

preparations, and the Andience lioom was filled at an 
early hour by an assembly impatient for the fun that 
they naturally expected would attend a disclosure of 
the rites of that Ancient and Honorable Ordei'. 

The stage was draped with peculiarly fantastic 
devices and the members appeared in solemn state 
and full regalia. Space would fail to tell of all the im- 
posing ceremonials, wonderful disappearances, funereal 
dirges, awful revelations and astounding experiences 
of novitiates. 

The performance evidently afforded great amuse- 
ment to the worthy members of the venerable order 
themselves, but the sj^ectators dispersed with a pro- 
found impression of the mystery of the proceedings 
and a lurking suspicion of humbug that remaineth in 
their minds even unto this day. 

Succeedino: this was a second amateur dramatic 
performance at the Academy of Music, when the 
standard comedy of "Married Life" w^as produced. 
The house was most complimentary in applause and 
in demanding a repetition of this play. 

On the same evening, in the Audience Room of the 
fair building, an excellent concert of vocal and instru- 
mental music was given by the Cleveland Gesangverein 
and the city bands. 

Miss Anna Dickinson having been announced to 
deliver her famous lecture, " Words for the Hour," 
the next evenins: the attendance at the fair was greater 
than at any previous time. Owing* to the sudden 
illness of the speaker this lecture was postponed till 
the following Monday, when it was received with 
gratification. 



f^OO THE DliAMATIC CLtJ^. 

A concert by the Welsli Clioir of Newburgli, whicli 
had been arranged for Saturday evening, was pre- 
vented by a severe storm. The members of the choir 
gathered in the Bazaar hall and sang several choruses 
and glees in good style. 

On Monday, the fourteenth day of the fair, the 
Dramatic club again performed " Married Life," which 
had so delighted everybody on the former presenta- 
tion. The comedietta of the " Rough Diamond " 
concluded this evening's entertainment. The Drama- 
tic club on every occasion gave great pleasure to 
crowded houses and in their performances showed 
remarkable talent which, at no small sacrifice of per- 
sonal feeling, was first made public for the benefit 
of the fair. 

The closing entertainment in Audience Room was a 
second " Old Folks' Concert " with entire change of 
programme. This was, if possible, more successful 
than the first one. The grand old church music, the 
soul-stirring patriotic odes, the laughter-provoking 
songs, catches and glees were all given in the best 
manner. The quaint dresses and good voices of the 
" old folks " will long be remembered. 

The Academy of Music had been engaged by the 
Fair Association for the two weeks of the duration of 
the fair. A stereopticon was placed there, open every 
day and evening when the hall was not occupied by 
the dramatic club. This did not receive the patron- 
age that it merited, so many were the attractions at 
the fair building. It, however, paid exj^enses and 
served the purpose intended, that of monopolizing the 
hall and preventing any rival exhibition from coming 
to the city to draw against the fair. 



THU ATTENDANCE. SOl 

More beautiful weather than that which day after 
day favored this enterprise could not have been found 
in searching the calendar of the year. 

The bright glory of the sun, the cloudless splendor 
of the sky, the wintry garb of glittering sheen that 
all nature wore, seemed symbolic of happy progress 
and successful result. Clouds gathered and snow and 
rain fell repeatedly in the night time, but from dawn 
till dusk through the whole course of the fair, only 
excepting one day, sun, air and sky lent their genial 
influence, so that some said, with reverence, that the 
weather was God's donation to the fair. 

The attendance was satisfactory on the first days, 
steadily increasing as the merits of the exhibition 
were reported by visitors to their friends at home, 
or made known through the city i3ress, from which 
the foregoing description of the fair has been culled. 
The halls were pleasantly filled with a gay, delighted 
assembly, rarely were they uncomfoi'tably crowded. 

Bazaar and Floral hall were continually a scene of 
the most joyous character. The booths daily grew 
richer and more attractive by additions to their con- 
tents, and the ladies who presided over them were 
well satisfied with the rapidity of their sales. 

Many of the purchased articles were allowed to 
remain in the booths till the closing day, and the 
fading evergreens and other decorations were fre- 
quently renewed, so that the freshness of arrangement 
and ornamentation was scarcely impaired. 

No time had been decided on for the continuance of 
the fair, but two weeks were named as its probaljle 
duration. When that time expired, the })rilliantly 



-02 THE DRAFT-WirEEL. 

beautiful Av^eather and imdiminislied attendance de- 
cided the managers to continue it till Thursday of the 
third week, March 10th. The railroad companies 
generously extended half fare tickets to that date. 
The last days were enlivened by an animated " closing 
out^sale " of the various booths. " Grab bags," gift 
enterj)rises and many amusing devices were resorted 
to for the disposition of articles too valuable to find 
ready purchasers. 

The great cj^uestion, to raffle or not to raffle, had 
early agitated the counsels of the Executive Commit- 
tee and the final vote had been cast in the negative. 

Some enthusiastic spirits, ambitious for the results 
of the fair and not having the fear of the law before 
their eyes, were ingenious in avoiding the letter of 
this restriction. The Provost Marshal's draft-wheel 
was surreptitiously conveyed from booth to booth, 
where various persons were drafted to assume life 
membership of certain property on sale there. These 
decisions were accepted without a murmur, — no sub- 
stitutes were offered, no commutation fees paid. The 
victims of fortune's wheel met their fate with unflinch- 
ing heroism ! 

Most of the booths closed out their stock by auc- 
tions or "clearing out drafts," in which the entire 
contents of a booth were put into one subscription 
list. These schemes occasioned much merriment, and 
the amount of money taken on the last day was at 
least as large as on any 23revious day. 

The great fair virtually closed on the sixteenth day, 
and the beautiful vision faded like magic. 

The Bazaar, stripped of its gay ornamentation, be- 



(LOj^ing scenes. '20l\ 

came a l)leak and dreary storehouse into which the 
remaining ])roperty was gathered and arranged under 
direction of Messrs. H. M. Chapin, Wm. Edwards and 
John M. Sterling, Jr., who were appointed a coni- 
nuttee to dispose of it in the most advantageous 
way. These gentlemen were unwilling to sacrifice the 
really valuable stock at auction and resolved to offer 
the articles at j^rivate sale. For several days they 
patiently attended behind the counter of this novel 
variety-store and made satisfactory disposition of a 
large part of their wares. When it became necessary 
to renlo^^e the building, the heavier articles of ma- 
chinery were stoi'ed in ware houses of merchants who 
undertook to aid their sale. 

The lisrhter cfoods were removed to a little office 
over the Aid Rooms, where they were arranged as 
attractively as possible, though having, at best, very 
much the look of a second-hand notion stock. Mrs. 
L. M. HiTBiJY took immediate charge of this room and 
was indefatigable in effort to dispose of the articles. 
For weeks a dull traffic was persistently kept up and 
the goods were gradually worked off at fair prices. 
This conscientious administering upon the effects of 
the fair was of no small value in swelling the receipts. 

Many articles uncalled for by their owners, — the 
debris of booths, halls and tableaux, — long cumbered 
the Aid Kooms and were perj)etual souvenirs of the 
departed glories of those busy, prosperous weeks. 

Everything of this kind that was at all serviceable 
or appropriate to the Soldiers' Home was used there 
and eventually distributed among soldiers' families of 
the city. The curtains, gauzes and other parapher- 



204 - SALE OF THE BUILDIIfG. 

nalia of the tableaux committees were kept for future 
exhibitions and loaned from time to time to Branch 
societies on occasion of their giving similar entertain- 
ments. 

The disposition of the fair building was a matter 
of some little discussion. There arose a feeble sus;- 
gestion of allowing it to stand till the end of the war, 
as a suitable place for receiving returned regiments 
and of conducting the appi'oaching presidential cam- 
paign, but this met with no favor. The risk of fire 
and of damage to the statue was too great and the 
managers were unwilling to leave so unsightly a 
reminder as the huge building, stripped of its decora- 
tions, had now l^ecome. 

It had been the original plan to balance the outlay 
for its construction by a sale of the four hundred 
thousand feet of lumber, which had already risen in 
price. This plan was now carried out and the build- 
ing was advertised for sale at auction on a specified 
day. 

Three gentlemen of Pittsburgh, representing the 
managers of a sanitary fair just projected in that city, 
had visited the Cleveland fair and learning the pro- 
posed disj)osition of the building had returned home 
and reported in favor of purchasing and erecting it in 
Pittsburgh. 

When the day of sale came there were a number of 
bids, by lumber dealers and builders, but the building 
was sold to the Pittsburgh committee for eighty-five 
hundred dollars, to be removed wdthin a fortnight, — 
the Cleveland and Pittsburgh railroad company giving 
facilities of transportation. The committee also bought 



SUCCESS OF THE FAIR. 205 

the gas pipe and fixtures, queensware, cutlery, felt 
roofing and some miscellaneous property, increasing 
the amount of purchase to nearly ten thousand dollars. 

The ofiicers of the Cleveland fair were much pleased 
by this sale and cordially offered their aid to the Pitts- 
burgh enterprise. This was kindly accepted and a 
delegation of Pittsburgh ladies came up shortly after 
to learn practical details and to profit by the experi- 
ence of the Cleveland committees. 

The work of demolishing the Iniilding jirogressed 
rapidly. The roofing was stripped off and rolled up 
for transportation, the siding and beams carefully 
marked and shipped as fast as taken down. 

In a few days the great structure that had been for 
weeks the center of attraction had vanished from 
sight. 

Though overshadowed by the magnitude and splen- 
dor of the sanitary fairs that were afterwards held in 
the centers of population and wealth of the eastern 
states, yet when considered as the fruit of the patriot- 
ism of a relatively small population, inhabiting a mere 
fraction of the loyal North, the Cleveland fair cannot 
but be regarded as one of the most strikingly success- 
ful of the entire number. And it has been said that 
the joyous harmony of its animating sj^irit and the 
taste which controlled its adornment gave it claims 
to a higher consideration than that to which it was 
entitled by its pecuniary results. 

While it is impossible to mention all even of those 
who rendered prominent service in this enterprise, it 
is but simple justice to say that the triumphant issue 



206 CASH RECEIPTS. 

of the Norfcherii Ohio Sanitary Fair was in great de- 
gree due to Mr. H. M. Ciiapi?^, a\ ho for a number of 
weeks left his own Large business in the hands of 
emph^yes and gave day and night to the interests of 
the ffiir, infusing into eveiy department his character- 
istic energy and enthusiasm, whicli, A\ith his ^videly 
known business ability and influence, were potent 
sources of success. 

Below^ is the official report of the treasurer : 

T. p. IIANUY, TKEASUREK, IN ACCOUNT WITH N. O. SANITARY FAIR. 

1864. Dr. 

March. To amount received from 44 Booths in Bazaar, | 19,082 96 

" Fine Art Hall and Museum, 1,880 68 

" Mechanics' Hall, cash, 4,355 29 

" Dramatic Entertainments, 1,040 15 

" Stereopticon, 533 75 

" Floral Hall Booths, 3,309 07 

" Sale of admission tickets, 33,831 00 

" other sources in Bazaar, 3,099 30 

" Donations in money to April 1st, 1864, 15,439 63 

" since received, 246 95 

" Estimated am't in potatoes and other vegetables 2,400 00 

1865. " Sales of property since April 1st, 1864, 4,037 99 

" Fair buildings, furniture, etc., 9,94165 

" Balance of interest on funds invested 3,103 70 

!|100,191 06 

1864. Cr. 

March 31st. By bills and expenses paid to this date, 21,543 92 

" since " 714 83 

" Potatoes and vegetables delivered at Aid Rooms. 

estimated value, 2,400 00 

1865. " Cash paid Miss Ellen F. Terry, Treasurer Sol- 

diers' Aid Society, Cleveland, at various dates, 42,798 62 

March 10th. Am't invested in U. S. 7-30 bonds on hand, 30,000 00 

" cash paid Soldiers' Aid Society, bal. on hand, 2,733 69 

$ 100.191 06 

[E.E.] , T. P. Handy, Trem. 

Cleveland, March 10th, 1865. 



A "twice blessed" charity. 207 

Inspired by tlie Cleveland fair the editor of the 
Sanitary Reporter wrote as follows : 

The fair at Cleveland, having continued more than a fortnight, has 
closed. The Cleveland newspapers and the reports of individual visitors 
unite in testifying to its complete success. The receipts of the treasury 
have been unexpectedly large — upwards of one hundred thousand dollars 
— and the gratification which contributors and visitors have received has 
been remarkably rich and varied. Every one has been astonished at the 
energy, good taste and delicate tact which have dextrously marshalled so 
many hidden resources and made them willing aids in the service of a 
grand patriotic charity. 

The managers as they look back on the past few weeks must feel that, 
imder the inspiration of a holy cause, they "builded better than they 
knew," and each contributor, however small his gift, must rejoice at having 
a share in the result. 

How many and how great were the obstacles to success, no one can know 
but those to whom success was most precious, and who, while feeling their 
weight and obstinacy, determined to achieve it. All friends of the soldier 
cannot but be delighted that the strong current of a generous and trustful 
devotion swept the obstacles away and left oracular croakers to the solitary 
enjoyment of their own monotonous echoes. 

We cannot but think that the good results of such fairs as have been held 
in Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland and other cities are not to rest with the 
contributions to the soldier's comfort, alone, — are not to be estimated in so 
many dollars for socks, sourkrout, onions and potatoes. To promote the 
comfort of our soldiers, to be able to buy these essentials for the army is 
an incalculable good. But this charity is "twice blessed." A rich and 
subtile blessing must lie in the wide sympathies called out, the new relation^ 
of acquaintance, friendship and intimacy formed, and in the surprising 
revelation of talent and worth in remote and unexplored localities. Neigh- 
bors and neighborhoods must come to respect each other more, to depend 
upon each other more, and to wonder that they have missed finding each 
other out so long. Prejudice must be softened, artificial barriers must give 
way to a freer intercourse, and tenderness of feeling and judgment must 
take the place of sour suspicion. After so complete a flooding of all the 
field of life with the resistless tide of a sweet and noble enthusiasm, we 
cannot but look for a new bloom and unexampled harvests. 



CHAPTER XII. 

Through the busy winter montlis preceding the 
fair, Aid Room duties had been continued daily and 
with all possible regularity. 

In anticipation of an increase in the treasury, forty- 
five hundred dollars of the California fund had been 
drawn in January, leaving a balance of only five 
hundred dollars. This money was used to purchase 
material which was given out to branch societies to 
sustain their meetings during preparations for the fair. 

The superintending and providing for the Soldiers' 
Home were added to the usual routine of disbursing, 
shipping and the duties of special relief and of the 
work department. Besides the general direction of 
stores to the Louisville headquarters, there had been 
in February a considerable shipment to the Kansas 
agency, including supplies sent specially for the desti- 
tute and suffering inhabitants of Lawrence, Kansas, 
after the terrible Indian attack and massacre. 

The Aid Rooms were closed to general business 
only during the two weeks when the fair was actually 
in progress and even then almost daily shipments 
were made of vegetables and other supplies that 
had been sent down from Produce Hall. During 
those two weeks, the headquarters of the Society 

2 8 



AFTER TKE FAIR. 209- 

were removed to the fair building, where all interest 
centered. 

Many representatives of Branch societies, coming in 
to visit the fair, at this time first became personally 
known to the officers of the Society to whose care 
they had long consigned their boxes, and paid their 
first visit to the Aid Kooms, where they were made 
acquainted with the practical details of this sujiply 
center. 

It had been predicted that the unprecedented ex- 
citement and energy called forth by sanitary fairs 
would be followed by a reaction, damaging, if not 
fatal, to the cause. Many of the strongest friends of 
the Sanitary Commission doubted the wisdom of for- 
saking the smooth waters of a steady-flowing charity, 
to be swept along in this impetuous torrent of benev- 
olent enthusiasm. 

Had the interests involved been less, or the results 
of the fairs less bountiful, these predictions and 
doubts might have been confirmed. Certain it is 
that most of the branch societies of Northern Ohio, 
after contributing so largely to the success of the 
Cleveland fair, indicated some degree of exhaustion. 
This, however, had no perceptible effect upon the 
work, because in the interval of their recovery the 
pecuniary results of the fair more than balanced this 
temporary check, while the wide spread and securely 
rooted interest in the cause forbade any permanent 
lapse from duty. 

The reaction after this fair was not so aj^parent in 
the decrease of receipts from the country societies as 
in the falling off of committees and volunteer assist- 
ants at the Aid Rooms. 

1 4 



210 THE EEACTION. 

From this time till tlie end of its history, the 
officers of the Cleveland Branch were left nearly alone 
to carry on the business of office and store, with the 
help of those whom they employed to assist them. 
The monthly business meetings were almost deserted 
and only the faithful few came at intervals to share 
the labor and responsibilities that gathered weight 
with many succeeding months. 

The ladies of the city, after a winter spent in all- 
absorbing prej)arations for the great fair, felt their 
weariness when the excitement was over and success 
ensured. When they were fresh again, long inter- 
rupted home duties claimed their first thoughts and 
the broken chain of Aid Room work was not easily 
united. 

There was no lack of good will in the community 
nor of kindly expressed interest, but the Society was 
by the results of the fair deprived of its place in the 
daily thoughts and sympathies of even its warmest 
friends. The general feeling of the citizens seemed 
to be that they had schemed and labored with won- 
derful success to give the Aid Society ample means 
and could now leave it, in confidence, as the represent- 
ative of their charities, to pursue its philanthropic 
purposes, — themselves absolved, by their winter's 
work, from further personal responsibility. 

It was with real regret that the officers felt this 
change. Save for the ever-present thought of their 
increased means of usefulness to the soldiers, they 
doubtless would have echoed the experience of many 
a millionaire and declared that the days of buffeting 
with fortune were their happiest days. 



SPECIAL CALLS. 211 

But the accumulation of work that pressed imme- 
diately upon the diminished force at the Aid Rooms 
left little time for such regrets or for rejoicing over 
the brilliant results of the fair. 

The large quantity of vegetables and fruit con- 
signed to the produce comjnittee and the forwarding 
of supplies purchased by the general Commission, 
made the shipments of Marcli and April unusually 
heavy. Besides the usual business, there were at this 
time some special shipments that are mentioned to illus- 
trate the nature of the calls to wMch the Society was 
constantly subject. A request for aid in furnishing 
beddino; for the Louisville Soldiers' Home met with 
willing response. Supplies were sent to Nashville for 
the relief of a company of teamsters who, through some 
irregularity in their communications with the quarter- 
master's department, had been stranded there, destitute 
and suffering. Several boxes of calicoes, shirting and 
sewing materials were prepared for the contraband 
women employed in hospital service at Knoxville, 
Tenn. Agents of the Sanitary Commission had re- 
ported the needy condition of these women, and as the 
wives of the surgeons offered to teach them to make 
their own garments, these materials were sent down 
to them. The Ohio National Guards — one hundred 
days men — on leaving the city were supplied with 
trifling comforts and followed to their camps in and 
around Washington Avith boxes of supplemental stores 
for their sick. 

The general results of the fair had been known at 
the time of its closing but the actual cash receipts 
were slow to be reported. 



212 THE FAIR FUND. 

The Executive Committee, unwilling to embarrass 
the officers of the Aid Society by turning over the 
affairs in an unsettled state, had resolved that the 
treasurer of the fair should retain his office until 
the returns from the various committees had been 
sent in and all debts cancelled. By this resolution 
the final report of the treasurer was necessarily de- 
layed and the public waited impatiently for it. April 
6th, a preliminary statement w^as published embracing 
some estimates of unsold property and giving notice 
that fifty thousand dollars of the receipts had been 
invested in United States interest bearing securities, 
to be used by the ladies of the Aid Society, from 
time to time, as their wants might require. 

On the 9th of April, the Society made the first 
draft upon the receipts of the fair, — three thousand 
dollars. The greater part of this sum was at once 
used for purchasing onions and potatoes, as the cam- 
paign against scurvy had re-opened this spring with 
much activity. April 18th, two thousand dollars 
were invested in further purchase of vegetables, with 
some outlay for cotton and woolen goods. May 13th, 
forty-nine hundred dollars were drawn and divided 
between the purchase of material and vegetables and 
the expenses of the Home and the supply department. 
In June, the last five hundred dollars of the Cali- 
fornia fund was disbursed, and from this time the 
Society was wholly dependent upon the ]3roceeds of 
the fair. Membership fees were no longer solicited 
and were not generally paid up. Individual contri- 
butions decreased or were made specifically for the 
Soldiers' Home and strictly used as designated. 



Increased expenditure. 213 

The purchase of boxes and barrels and the hand- 
ling, eooj)erage and cartage on the vegetable shipments 
of this summer made a heavy increase in the current 
expenses, which, from the careful manner of preparing 
stores, had always been large. 

In the early days of the Society, second-hand pack- 
ing cases, given by merchants, had been used for 
repacking stores to go to the army. As the supply 
business became larger and the line of transportation 
longer, new and stout boxes were necessary. For 
some months these were given by Mr. Wm. Kattle, 
from his lumber factory. When this draft became 
too heavy, they were afforded at mere cost of lumber 
and nails. 

From this time, all boxes in which the more valu- 
able goods were packed were of new lumber, of a 
designated size and shape and heavy enough to bear 
any amount of rough handling in transit. Fruit was 
packed in sawdust, in heavy boxes made expressly for 
this purpose and just large enough to hold one dozen 
cans. Bottles of wine or cordial were also sent in 
sawdust, in cases of one dozen each. Blackberry and 
other medicinal wines were purchased by the keg or 
barrel and bottled and sealed at the Aid Rooms. 
Vegetables and fresh fruits were often contributed or 
purchased in bulk and for such supplies barrels and 
sacks were to be bought. 

The purchase of cotton and woolen goods made a 
large part of the disbursements from the fair fund 
this summer. Besides the army demand for this ma- 
terial in the form of hospital garments, there was 
a real necessity for furnishing it to country societies 



214 ISSITING MATERIAL. 

to keep up tlieir organizations tlirougli the period of 
reaction after tlie fair. 

There was, moreover, justice no less than policy in 
giving liberally of material to societies at this time. 

The efforts and influence of these Ave hundred 
Branches had been the great element of success in the 
fair, and in devoting these so unreservedly many of 
the societies had exhausted or weakened their imme- 
diate resources. It was only due that their work 
should in some way feel the benefits that their indus- 
try had secured to the cause. 

To divide any part of the cash proceeds of the fair 
among so many societies, with just apj^ortionment, 
was evidently impracticable and might do an injury 
by checking theii* usual contributions. It was decided 
that the best way to help the Branches through the 
fair was to invest largely in material Avhich should be 
issued liberally to them. 

It has been sufficiently explained that material had 
been furnished to the branch societies with the sole 
object of affording a resource during some momentary 
ebb in their treasuries and ^vithheld so soon as the 
crisis was passed. 

No Branch forfeited independence by accepting such 
aid or ventured to relax effort and lean too heavily 
upon the central Society. The spirit of independence 
was still to be fostered as carefully as ever ; therefore 
no open notice Avas given of the intention to furnish 
material in increased quantity, now that the Society 
had means to do so. The same way of detecting the 
need and suj^plying it, the same watch over the fal- 
tering steps of a feelde tributary that had heretofore 



SELLING AT COST. 215 

prevailed were continued, but the issues of material 
were more and more liberal from this time till the end 
of the war diminished the supply service. 

All the material given out was cut at the Aid 
Rooms, furnished with tape, buttons, and spool cottou, 
,and sent in packages, ticketed and registered. When 
the work was finished and received back, printed 
acknowledgment was made and so many articles of 
"returned work" duly credited. Packages sent into 
the country were forwarded by express at expense of 
the consignee or delivered to the bearer of a written 
order. 

Besides issuing material to be made up for tlie cen- 
tral Rooms, there was another way of aiding the 
Branches in which vigorous and feeble societies might 
share equally, at discretion. 

The exorbitant prices that cotton and woolen fabrics 
had now reached were greatly disproportioned to the 
slender means of many little societies and even the 
liirgest among the Branches found it nearly impossible 
to gather in money enough to buy work for the busy 
fingers of their members. The Cleveland Society had 
always done a commission business for its tributaries, 
receiving their money by mail or messenger and ex- 
pending it as designated, in purchase of material, or 
selling to them, at cost, any goods on hand at the Aid 
Rooms. This business was now enlarged. Supplies 
of material, beyond the wants of the work committee^ 
were purchased at New York wholesale prices, to be 
sold again, at cost, to Branch societies in such quan- 
tity as their means enabled them to buy. 

From this time to the end of the supply service, a 



216 I'lIE SALESROOM. 

large stock of material was kept on hand at the Aid 
Rooms, and whatever might have been the rise in the 
market, these goods were always sold at cost. Sheet- 
ing, shirting, chintz, ticking, canton flannel, army 
flannel, batting, woolen yarn, buttons, tapes and spool 
cotton formed the stock of this commission house. 
There were also patterns, cut in stiff j)aper, which were 
given out Avhen desired. 

Delegates from country societies, coming into the 
Aid Rooms for advice about S2:)ending their sums of 
ten, twenty or forty dollars, were oftered the oppor- 
tunity of purchasing here and w^ere then advised to 
look elsewhere through the city and compare prices. 
They invariably found an advantage in buying from 
the Aid Room stock. Five or six cents on a yard 
was the usual difference, no inconsiderable gain to a 
little society. Price lists were kept at the Aid Rooms 
or sent by mail to societies with each new lot of 
goods. 

The cash re23ort of the treasurer shows that during 
the months of July and August succeeding the fair, 
nineteen thousand nine hundred and twenty dollars 
were expended in the purchase of material. A large 
room above the Aid Rooms was rented for the stor- 
age of material and fitted with shelves and counters to 
accommodate this sales department and the cutting- 
committee. Here, bargains were made by delegates 
from the Branches, and it is perha23S needless to say 
that terms were satisfactory, liberal measures given 
and many little chance advantages thrown in favor of 
the purchaser. 

In anticipation of the irregular attendance of cut- 



TltE WORK BEl^ARTMENT. 21? 

ting committees during tlie preparations for the fair, 
Mrs. Emma L. Miller had been engaged to assist in 
the work department through the winter. When the 
fair closed and the falling off of committees threw the 
accumulated and ever increasing burden upon a few, 
this engagement was made permanent. Till the close 
of the sui^ply work in October, 1865, Mrs. Miller 
conducted the cutting department, which was her 
specialty, with great ability and engaged with re- 
markable energy in the many duties of the Aid 
Rooms. 



CHAPTER XIIL 

The disposition, leadership and movements of the 
Union forces, from the opening of active military 
operations in the spring of 1864, were such as to 
inspire in every loyal heart a glowing faith that took 
the place of the patient hope with which the delays, 
disappointments and quasi victories of previous cam- 
paigns had been so bravely borne. 

March 3d, the grade of Lieutenant General, revived 
by act of Congress, was conferred upon Major Gen- 
eral Geant, " in token of the nation's appreciation of 
what he had done and its reliance uj)on him for what 
remained to do." March 12th, army and people re- 
ceived, with universal joy, general orders from the 
War Department announcing that President LmcoLN 
had assio^ned the Lieutenant General to the command 
of the armies of the United States, Headquarters 
were established in the field, with the armj of the 
Potomac. 

It was now nine months since the army of the 
Potomac had fought a general battle and seven months 
since the battle of Chattanooga had fixed the western 
army in firm possession of that strategic point. The 
plan of the opening campaign was for an advance on 
Richmond by the army of the Potomac, under the 



a 1 a 



AEMY MOVEMENTS. 219 

direct command of General Meade, simultaneously 
with a movement towards Atlanta, Ga., by tlie west- 
ern troops. The western troops — comprising the 
armies of the Cumberland, the Tennessee and the 
Ohio — were now massed under the general name of 
the Military Division of the Mississippi, and turned 
over by General Geant to the almost absolute leader- 
ship of Major General Sherman. 

The month of April was spent in thoroughly reor- 
ganizing all the forces and, by the western troops, in 
strengthening the line of communication between 
Nashville and Chattanooga, the primary and secondary 
supply bases, and in accumulating at Chattanooga 
immense supplies of commissary and military stores. 

It was felt that a critical period in the history of 
the war was at hand, and that upon the military 
achievements of this campaign the quick termination 
or almost endless protraction of the struggle would 
depend. The governors of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 
low^a and Wisconsin gave voice to the patriotism of 
their people by offering to the Government large 
volunteer forces of " one-hundred-days men " to relieve 
veteran soldiers from post and garrison duty and 
allow them to return to the active service of the field. 

The general movement, east and west, was to begin 
about the 5th of May. The troops of General Sher- 
man's department were massed around Ringgold, Ga., 
twenty-three miles southeast of Chattanooga. The 
opposing army lay in and near Dalton, fifteen miles 
]:>elow, their advance being at Tunnel Hill, a station 
on the railroad l)etween Ringgold and Dalton. The 
triumphant progress of General Sherman's army,^ — 



220 A MEMORABLE RECORD. 

the engagements at Kocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas 
and Kenesaw Mountain, — the battles of July 20tli, 
22nd and 28th, — the fighting at Jonesboro, — the 
marches, sieges, raids and brilliant manceuvring by 
which the Union lines closed surely around the 
doomed city of Atlanta and which ended in the cap- 
ture, Sej)tember 1st, of that "Gate City" of the 
enemy's position, — have their record in history among 
the memorable events of the great rebellion. 

Though military movements at the West were 
watched with great interest and the country was ring- 
ing with the exploits of Sherman's invincible men, it 
was from the operations of the army of the Potomac 
that the vital success of the camj)aign was expected. 
Greneral Grant's plan for this army was not merely 
the taking of Richmond, the objective point of all 
previous demonstrations in this quarter, but it in- 
cluded the breaking up of the entire railroad system 
of the enemy and the destruction of the rebel army. 

The grand army of the Potomac, roused from long 
inactivity, under the inspiring leadership of the hero 
who had never lost a battle, entered upon a series of 
engagements in which its valor and endurance were 
severely tested and most nobly proved. 

In those momentous times, — when the fate of the 
nation seemed to hang upon the achievements of a few 
short summer weeks, when the lives of thousands were 
the dear price of victory, and when to the agony of 
suspense or bereavement was added a keen sense of 
the interests involved in the result of each encounter 
with a desperate foe, — the peojole found their only 
relief from frenzied excitement in the despatches that 



OFFICIAL BULLETINS. 221 

were issued over Secretary Stanton's name from the 
War Department. 

The very first of these, announcing that " it is de- 
signed to give accurate official statements of what is 
known to this Department in this great crisis and to 
withhold nothing from the public," was like an anchor 
sure and steadfast to the mind tossed by the distract 
ing contradictions of exaggerated rumor and news 
paper canard. The promise was faithfully kept 
Daily, semi-daily and sometimes hourly official bulle 
tins, giving brief expositions of the military situation, 
were heralded through the length and breadth of the 
North, by the associated press. Whether their pur- 
port were triumph or disaster, there was inexpressible 
comfort in these despatches, for the truth lay in their 
clear, concise wording. Joy over a victory was un- 
alloyed by dread that the good news might be 
unfounded. Defeat could not be long concealed by 
any sophistry of language, and it were better to 
know the worst at once and to bear it as a brave 
people best could. 

But from this summer the army of the Potomac 
had done with timid advance, dispiriting retreat and 
drawn battles. The generalship of Geant, Siieeman, 
Sheridan and Thomas ensured to the bulletins from 
the War Department the ring of victory. East and 
West, — fearfully precious victory ! bought with rivers 
of blood and made forever sacred by the sufferings of 
thousands of our bravest and our best. 

Fredericksburg, Va., was occupied by the Union 
forces, and extensive hospitals were opened there for 



222 CLEVELAND ARMY COALAIIITEE. 

the army of the Potomac. Sanitary and Christian 
Commission agents, Avith nurses and supplies, pursued 
their work of mercy among the Avounded, establishing 
a base of operation at Acquia Creek. All who were 
able to endure removal were carried by Sanitary or 
Government transports to northern hospitals. 

Out of this urgent occasion for personal service in 
the hospitals of the Potomac grew the Cleveland 
Army Committee, an association of gentlemen organ- 
ized May -Ith, 1864, to co-operate with the United 
States Christian Commission " in promoting the physi- 
cal and especially the moral and religious welfare of 
their brethren in arms." 

The first business of this body was to raise a fund 
that would enable the churches of Cleveland to send 
a deleo;ation to the battleiields where Christian care 
and consolation were so much needed. At the tii'st 
meeting it was resolved to des23atch eight delegates to 
the front. Liberal subscriptions were made by citi- 
zens to defray the expenses of these agents, among 
whom Avere several of the city clergy. 

The delegates, after spending some weeks among the 
wounded of the army of the Potomac, ret\u"ned and 
gave, in a series of public meetings, an abstract of 
their rich experience on the battlefield and in hospi- 
tal. Most of them suffered in health from their severe 
and trying duties. One of their number — the Rev. 
S. W. Adams, D. D., the beloved and revered pastor 
of the First Baptist Church — died soon after, from 
disease contracted during this period of ftiithful ser- 
vice in the Christian Commission. 

As the Sanitary Commission was engaged in pro- 



ITS PLANS AND PURPOSES. 223 

viding physical comforts for disabled soldiers, it was 
proposed to make arrangements by which delegates 
fi'om the Cleveland Army Committee could aid in 
distributing Sanitary stores, and it was resolved that 
if this could be effected the newly organized Army 
Committee should make no attempt to collect or for- 
ward such stores. This proposition was agreed to by 
the Cleveland Branch Sanitary Commission and cor- 
dially approved at headquarters in Louisville, where 
representatives of the Army Committee were always 
received with courtesy, accredited as agents in dis- 
tributing Sanitary stores, or aided in the transporta- 
tion of any goods which they had brought do^vn to 
the army. 

By the conditions of its union with the U. S. Sani- 
tary Commission, the stores of the Cleveland Branch 
were disbursed mostly to the armies of the southwest, 
where Sanitary agents had the favor of officers high 
in command and were now honorably excepted from 
General Sherman's stringent order excluding civilians 
from the front. The difficulty of maintaining com- 
nuinication between the army and its supply base, 
over a long and slender line of ill-constructed rail- 
road, — guerilla-haunted and overcrowded w^tli the 
passage of reinforcements, provisions and ammunition, 
— and the vital importance of secrecy in army move- 
ments, made this order a military necessity. Two 
agents of the Sanitary Commission were allowed to 
accompany the army in its advance and men were de- 
tailed from regiments to assist them in the care and 
disbursement of their hospital supplies. No other 
exceptions were made to this order save in rare cases 



224 WORK OF THE DELEGATES. 

when persons could obtain the endorsement of the 
medical authorities as competent assistants in the 
care of the wounded on the field. 

One of the delegates appointed by the Cleveland 
Army Committee, the Rev. Samuel AVolcott, D. D., 
who traveled with joint credentials from Christian and 
Sanitary Commissions, in September of this year made 
an extended tour in Georgia, penetrating to the city 
of Atlanta soon after its occupation by the Union 
army and taking part in the care of the wounded in 
field hospital and at relief stations along the line. The 
observations of this journey, which were highly 
favorable to the Sanitary Commission, formed the 
subject of an interesting lecture and Avere afterwards 
published and ^videly circulated. 

With this exception, delegates of the Cleveland 
Army Committee, finding access to the army of the 
Potomac less diflicult, confined their ministrations 
there and were consequently out of range of the 
o;oods of the Cleveland Aid Society. For this rea- 
son, or in obedience to orders from headquarters of 
the Christian Commission in Philadelphia, the Cleve- 
land Army Committee subsequently made some effort 
to gather hospital stores. A few branch societies 
withdrew for a time to this new organization or 
divided their gifts between the Sanitary and Christian 
Commissions. 

At the close of the war the Cleveland Army Com- 
mittee was continued in behalf of the freedmen and 
refugees of Cairo, Leavenworth and elsewhere. The 
transportation facilities of the Aid Society were 
offered and frequently accepted in forwarding these 
supplies. 



SY.AU'ATHY. 225 

TJie iinmediiite services and syDipatliies of tlie 
western Branclies of the Sanitary Commission Avere 
engaged for Siierjman's army, yet intense interest pre- 
vailed among them for the issue of the engagements 
at the East and there was constant occasion for show- 
ino- this in the care of the wounded who were traveling; 
westward to their homes. 

The records of the Cleveland Soldiers' Home at 
this date bear page after page of names of the suffer- 
ers in the terrible battles of the Wilderness who 
found shelter and refreshment there. The Aid Kooms 
were daily visited by groups of furloughed men, — 
one sorely wounded in the head, another with his 
poor right arm splintered and bandaged to hide the 
shattered bones, a third with his useless limb bound 
up and a pair of crutches aiding his painful motion, — 
every one bearing some honorable marks of the battle- 
iield. Kind words and comforts welcomed these 
visitors, a poor recognition of their services. 

The personal sympathies of the Aid Room corps 
were never more severely tried than in the attempt to 
console the afflicted ones who thronsred the Rooms on 
the announcement of a battle, — fathers, mothers, 
wives, sisters, coming w^th white, tear-stricken faces 
to point out in the long list of wounded a name that 
Avas all the world to them, and to beg for the help 
that the heart ached to give. How hard it was to be 
forced to discourage their lirst impulse to go and 
nurse the sufferer ! They never could press their way 
through, but how could one tell them so ! and it was 
so cold to Avrite — oidy — and the suspense of waiting 
so hard to bear ! 



I 5 



226 LETTERS AND INQUIRIES. 

Sometimes when it seemed possible that they could 
make their way to a wounded friend, a little box was 
packed at the Aid Eooms for the journey, with 
oysters, beef-tea, a change of garments, soft bandages 
and a bottle of wine. Passes were solicited from the 
railroad authorities, letters written to the Sanitary 
agencies in cities at every stage of their route, detail- 
ing their errand and bespeaking kindness and aid, and 
a general letter of credentials furnished, to be pre- 
sented to railroad officials further on. 

There was also the tedious, almost hopeless, but 
persistent search by letter for missing men, the writ- 
ing here and there, clinging to a faint thread of 
inquiry, slowly j)ursuing the wanderer's steps and too 
often finding the traces vanish into a lonely grave. 
Then followed the gathering up of the details of the 
last moments, the sending for the effects and trinkets 
— dear mementoes — and their delivery to friends. 

The Aid Rooms were known to be general head- 
quarters for information on all points concerning sick 
or disabled soldiers. Lists of the casualties of each 
battle were kept on file in the office, and many matters 
of personal interest to soldiers or their friends, not 
strictly within the limits of sanitary work, were con- 
stantly referred there. 

It was not unusual to see one of the ladies of the 
Aid Rooms, pen in hand, taking down from the lips 
of some unlettered wife or mother the homely phrases 
of love and greeting to her far-off soldier. Memory 
brings up the picture of one poor old mother, broken 
by a life of toil, her face seamed with care and grief, 
who always came to the Aid Rooms with the open 



THE HOSPITAL DIRECTORY. 237 

letter of her son, whicli she could not read, begging 
that some of the " dear ladies " would read it to her 
and write him word that she had " got it safe." 

Inquiry by letter for soldiers had been made, in- 
formally, from the beginning of the war, but was 
later conducted mostly through the Hospital Directory 
established in the autumn of 1862, by the Sanitary 
Commission. 

The Hospital Directory was a bureau of records 
giving the name, company, regiment and condition of 
the soldiers in general hospitals. The l)ooks, which 
contained the names of more than six hundred thou- 
sand men, were revised and corrected daily by returns 
from all parts of the field. More specific information 
would be procured for the benefit of friends within 
as short a time as possible after receiving an inquiry 
at one of the general offices, which were located at 
Washington, New York, Philadelphia and Louisville. 

The Louisville registry was opened in January, 
1863, and it was naturally to that office that most 
of the inquiries were directed by the Cleveland 
Society. These inquiries invariably received courte- 
ous attention. The business of the Hospital Directory 
was admirably systematized and the clerical duties 
performed with fidelity. Beyond and above this was 
the spirit of true sympathy that animated its manage- 
ment, shown in the word of cheer or the tenderly- 
framed condolence often sent with the good or 
sorrowful tidings that were drawn from its fateful 
pages 

For details of this and other departments of the 
special relief system, the reader is referred to the 



228 ONE INQUIKY, ONE ANSWER. 

series of histories and final statements that have been 
issued by the Sanitary Commission from its Histori- 
cal Bureau. 

A few facts briefly sketched in the following extract 
from a report of Mr. H. S. Holbkook, the superin- 
tendent of the Louisville office, will better illustrate 
the working of the Hospital Directory than any gen- 
eral statement or table of statistics that can be given 
in this volume : 

EXTRACT. — " ONE INQUIRY AND ONE ANSWER." 

An old man enters the office. He lias traveled from Northern Ohio to 
meet his son in this city ; he has been told to inquire at the Sanitary Com- 
mission rooms for direction to the hospital which contains him. While the 
clerk turns to the books, he chats of his son and home, of the different 
articles in his carpet-bag, put in by mothers and sisters at home, — each had 
sent some little comfort. He is all animation and hope, as if at the very 
door which is to admit him to the realization of all his happy anticipations. 
The record says — "died" — that very morning! The register says, one 
inquiry, one answer. It does not speak of the careful preparatory sugges- 
tions that sympathy tenderly makes toward the announcement of the 
saddening fact. It does not show that strong old man convulsed and weep- 
ing like a child. You see not his departure from the office stunned ■v\'ith 
grief. You feel not the stifled thanks of his farewell grasp — full payment 
for all your sympathy and care. He goes slowly and sadly away. One of 
the clerks accompanies him, who procures a burial case for the remains of 
his " poor boy," and assists him in all his preparations for his mournful 
journey home on the same day. The register says — one inquiry, one 
answer. 

A mother from Northern Indiana has received a despatch that her sou is 
sick in Nashville ; she is on her way to see him ; she applies for a pass, but 
passes for ladies are seldom granted, and not without a permit from head- 
quarters. Her credentials are all right, but she is told that it is more tlian 
doubtful if she is jiermitted to go. She comes to the Directory ; her son's 
name is on the books ; " telegraphing is expensive, and the result doubt- 
ful." " 'Tis too bad," she exclaims, " I have seven sons, and all of them in 
the anny, I do not wish them away, but I do want, if they get sick, the 
privilege of going to nurse them." " My dear madam, you shall go ; that 
fact will get you a pass," and so it did. The register says, one inquiry, one 
answer. 

A sprightly young wife is sent from the telegraph office to have a 



.\N EXTRACT. 229 

despatch written for a permit to visit her husband in Nashvilh'. She is 
quite impatient at th(^ uscdess delay in consulting the records for his name. 
" She knows he is in Nashville, and all she wants is a despatch written, and 
will be obliged for as much haste as possible." "Are you sure he is in 
Nashville'?" "Certainly." "You would have no objections to meeting 
him here?" "You are playing with me, sir; will you give me the 
despatch T " I don't think you will need one. This ' abstract ' will jdease 
you better. There are directions where to find your husband, a few blocks 
off." With one look to be sure she was not being " j)layed " with, she was 
off from the office down street at what he would have called the " double 
quick," and found him not in NaKhvUle. Had she not conw to the Directory, 
possibly she might have obtained a pass to Nashville, and gone ; or failing 
in that would have gone home Avithout seeing him. 

A short time ago this case came vmder our notice. A soldier in hospital 
at Nashville writes to his wife that he is very sick, and requests her to 
come to him. The letter was dated the 5th of September. Two days 
afterward he is transferred to liouisville, but his letter informing her of the 
change never reached her. She leaves home and stops over night in Louis- 
ville, and goes to Nashville on the 15th. There she learns that lu^ is in 
Louisville. Delayed for lack of funds, she returns to this city on the 22d, 
and finds that he died on the night of the 16th, the next night after they 
lodged in the same citj-, so near to each other, yet never to meet. Had she 
known of the Hospital Directory, and consulted it, this lifelong grief 
would have been prevented. 

A father desires to visit a sick son. His statements accord with our 
record. The despatch written for him explains the case : 

" To Brigadier General J. A. Garfield, Chief of Staff, Murfreesboro, 
Tenn. : Had four sons in army ; two are dead ; two belong to the 89th 

Ohio, [Co. — . William C is sick at Gallatin, hospital 4. Please 

grant pass. A. C . 

J. S. Newberry, Voucher." 

The pass was granted. 

A father from Pennsylvania presents a letter from the surgeon of a hos- 
l)ital in Nashville, saying that his son will be discharged and sent to 
this city in charge of the Sanitary Commission, and requests the father to 
meet him here. He asks, " Where is he T We have no note of his arrival. 
" He must still be in hospital at Nashville. But stay ; here is a report just 
in." The name is there, and " died August 9th, 1863," the very day the father 
received the letter, and set out to meet him. His son had sent him word 
not to bring more money than necessary to pay his fare to Louisville, as he 
was paid off and had enough. What was to be doneV We loaned him 
his passage home ; made out the necessary papers to get the effects of his 
son : wrote to Nashville to Sanitary Commission agents to forward them, 
and he left for home that evening. 



/ 



280 HOSPITAL CARS. 

We might multiply similar cases indefinitely, eacli one possessing some 
peculiarity to vary the service needed to meet the wants of the applicant. 
But these must suffice. 

The results in figures fail to give any idea of the labor, patience and feel- 
ing involved in the necessary attention to the particulars of each case, 
burdened with peculiar and painful interest, and urgently appealing for 
SAnnpathy, information and aid. Oue might as well attempt to conjure \ip 
the drama of their real life, from the scattered bones of a strange burial 
place, as from these figures to reproduce the painful realities they simply 
tally. Each name is the name of a man dear to a circle of kindred and 
friends. Each inquiry bears the interest, anxiety, and earnestness of some 
relative. Between the parties stands the Directory with its registers and 
helpful agents. 

In conneetioii with tlie Hospital Directory was an 
arrangement effected by the Sanitary Commission Avith 
Government for removing and forwarding home, on 
request of friends, the bodies of sohliers who had died 
in hospital or were buried on the l^attlefield. This 
was done by the Sanitary Commission without charge, 
the actual outlay for disinterring, embalming and 
transporting 1)eing refunded by the friends ^vlio had 
ordered the removal. 

The Cleveland Aid Society had not unfrequently 
to act as assent in this, — talvino; the orders for disin- 
terment, receiving and remitting undertaker's and 
Express charges and delivering the remains, on arrival, 
to the relatives. 

Another phase of sjiecial relief work at the front, 
which has heen lu'iefly mentioned in these J)ages, was 
the transportation service of the Hospital Tkaixs 
established by the Sanitary Commission in the sum- 
mer of 1803. 

Though the charge of the hospital trains was soon 
assumed by Government, the Conunission never lost 



" ON A HOSPITAL TRAIN." 231 

interest in tliem nor ceased to be known as an agent 
in their supervision. Supplies were furnished to each 
train from the Sanitary depot nearest at hand. Hot 
coffee, light food and stimulants were given to the 
feeble travelers at various feeding-stations opened 
along the line of transit. 

For a description of the hosj^ital train one cannot 
do better than read the follo^ving letter written by 
one of the young ladies of the Cleveland Aid Society 
during an extended tour among the hospitals and 
relief agencies of Louisville, Nashville and Chatta- 
nooga in May, 18G3 : 

EXTRACT. — ON A HOSPITAL TRAIN. 

* * * * Tliauks to the U. S. Sanitary Commission and to those gen- 
tlemen belonging to it whose genius and benevolence originated, planned, 
and carried it out, a Hospital Train is now running on almost all the roads 
over which it is necessary to transport sick or wounded men. These trains 
are now under the control of Grovernment, but the Sanitary Commission 
continues to furnish a great part of the stores that are used in them. 

My first experience of them was a sad one. A week before, the army had 
moved forward and concentrated near Tunnel Hill. The dull, monotonous 
rumble of army wagons as they rolled in long trains through the dusty 
street ; the measured tramp of thousands of bronzed and war-worn vete- 
rans ; the rattle and roar of the guns and caissons as they thundered on their 
mission of death ; the glittering sheen reflected from a thousand sabres, 
had all passed by and left us in the desolated town. We lived, as it were, 
with bated breath and eager ears, our nerves tensely strung with anxiety 
and suspense, waiting to catch the first sound of that coming strife where 
we knew so many of our bravest and best must fall. At last came the 
news of that terrible fight at Buzzard's Roost or Rocky Face Ridge, and the 

evening after, in came Dr. S straight from the front, and said, " the 

Hospital train is at the depot, wouldn't you like to see it ? " " Of course we 

would," chorused Mrs. Dr. S and myself, and forthwith we rushed for 

our hats and cloaks, filled two large baskets with soft crackers and oranges, 
and started off. A walk of a mile brought iis to the depot, and down in 
the further corner of the depot yard we saw a train of seven or eight cars 

standing, apparently unoccupied. " There it is," said Dr. S . "Why, 

it looks like any ordinary train," I innocently remarked, but I was soon to 



/ 



232 A DESCRIPTION. 

find out the difference. We chanced to see Dr. M , the surgeon in 

charge, on the first car into which we went, and he made us welcome to do 
and to give whatever we had for the men, and so, armed with authority, 
we went forward with confidence. 

Imagine a car a little wider than the ordinary one, placed on springs, and 
having on each side three tiers of berths or cots, suspended by rubber 
bands. These cots are so arranged as to yield to the motion of the car, 
thereby avoiding that jolting that is experienced even on the smoothest 
and best road. I didn't stop to investigate the plan of the car then, for I 
saw before me, on either hand, a long line of soldiers shot in almost every 
conceivable manner, their wounds fresh from the battlefield, and all were 
patient and quiet ; not a groan or complaint escaped them, though I saw 
some faces twisted into strange contortions with the agony of their wounds. 
I commenced distributing my oranges right and left, bixt soon realized the 
smallness of my basket and the largeness of the demand, and sadly passed 
by all but the worst cases. In the third car that we entered we found the 
Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, and Adjutant of the 29th Ohio, all severely 
wounded. We stopped and talked awhile. Mindful of the motto of my 
Commission, to give " aid and comfort," I trickled a little sympathy on 
them. " Poor fellows ! " said I. " No, indeed," said they. " We did suffer rid- 
ing twenty miles " — it couldn't have been more than fourteen or fifteen, but a 
shattered limb or a ball in one's side lengthens the miles astonishingly — 
" in those horrid ambulances to the cars." " We cried last night like child- 
ren, some of us," said a Lieutenant, " but we're all right now. This Hos- 
pital Train is a jolly thing. It goes like a cradle." Seeing my sympathy 
wasted I tried another tack. " Did you know that Sherman is in Dalton ? " 
" No ! " cried the Colonel, and all the men who could, raised themselves up 
and stared at me with eager, questioning eyes. " Is that so ? " " Yes," I 
replied, " it is true." " Then, I don't care for this little wound," said one 
fellow, slapping his right leg, which was pierced and torn by a minie ball. 
Brave men ! How I longed to pour out the wealth and luxury of our whole 
North at their feet ! 

A little further on in the car, I chanced to look down, and there at my 
feet lay a young man, not more than eighteen or nineteen years old ; hair 
tossed back from his white brow ; long lashes lying on his cheek ; his face as 
delicate and refined as a girl's. I spoke to him and he opened his eyes, but 
could not speak to me. I held an orange before him, and he looked a Yes ; 
so I cut a hole in it and squeezed some of the juice into his mouth. It 
seemed to revive him a little, and after sitting a short time by his side, I 
left him. Soon after, they carried him out on a stretcher — poor fellow! 
He was dying when I saw him, and I could but think of his mother and sis- 
ters who would have given worlds to stand beside him as I did. By this time 
it was growing dark, my oranges had given out, and we were sadly in the 
way ; so we left, to be haunted for many a day by the terrible pictures we 
had seen on our first visit to a Hospital Train. 



CONTINUED. 233 

My next experience was much pleasanter. I liad tlic privilege of a ride 
on one from Cliattanooga to Nashville, and an opportunity of seeing the 
arrangements. There were three hundred and fourteen sick and wounded 
on board, occupying nine or ten cars, Avith the surgeon's car in the middle 
of the train. This car is divided into three compartments ; at one end is 
the store-room where are kept the eatables and bedding ; at the other, the 
kitchen ; and between the two is the surgeon's room, containing his bed, 
secretary, and shelves and pigeon holes for instruments, medicines, etc. A 
narrow hall connects the store-room and kitchen, and great windows or 
openings in the opposite sides of the car give a pleasant draft of air. Sit- 
ting in a comfortable arm-chair, one would not wish a pleasanter mode of 
traveling, especially through the glorious mountains of East Tennessee, and 
further on, over the fragrant, fertile meadows and the rolling hills and 
plains of Northern Alabama and middle Tennessee, clothed in their fresh 
green garments of new cotton and corn. This is all charming for a pas- 
senger, but a Hospital Train is a busy place for the surgeons and nurses. 

The men come on at evening, selected from the different hospitals, 
according to their ability to be moved, and after having had their tea, the 
wounds must be freshly dressed. This takes till midnight, perhaps longer, 
and the siirgeon must be on the watch continually, for on him falls the 
responsibility, not only of the welfare of the men, but of the safety of the 
train. There is a conductor and brakemen, and for them, too, there is no 
rest. Each finds enough to do as nurse or assistant. In the morning, 
after a breakfast of coffee or tea, dried beef, dried peaches, soft bread, 
cheese, etc., the wounds have to be dressed a second time, and again in the 
afternoon. In the intervals, the surgeon finds time to examine individual 
cases, and prescribe esi^ecially for them, and perhaps to take a little rest. 

As I walked through the car, I heard men say, " We haven't lived so well 
since we joined the army." " We are better treated than we ever were 
before." " This is the nicest j)lace we were ever in," etc. 

After breakfast next morning, when the wounds were all dressed, I had 
the pleasure of carrying into one car a pitcher of delicious blackberry wine 
that came from the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio, and, with the 
advice of the assistant siirgeon, giving it to the men. The car into Avhich 
I went had only one tier of berths, supported like the others on rubber 
bands. Several times during the day I had an opportunity of gi\ing some 
little assistance in taking care of wounded men, and it was very pleasant. 
My journey lasted a night and a day, and I think I can never again 
pass another twenty-four hours so fraught with sweet and sad memo- 
ries as are connected with my second and last experience on a hospital 
train. C. 



CHAPTER XIY. 

It is not necessary to follow the daily routine of 
Aid Room duties through the year 1804, as it differed 
only in degree from that which has been already 
detailed. 

Beyond the constant round of receiving and ship- 
ping, corresponding and recording, and the superin- 
tendence of the work department and the Soldiers' 
Home, each day brought its special demands upon 
the time and sympathies and almost hourly occasion 
to consult the Hospital Directory or to listen to the 
thousand and one inquiries sent from the home to the 
hospital or from the soldier to his home, through that 
mutual friend and faithful medium, the Sanitary 
Commission. All the machinery that had been de- 
vised to promote the efficiency of the Society and its 
Branches was still employed and such new measures 
were adopted as the resources of the treasury now 
justified. 

THE PRINTING OFFICE. 

It was the constant endeavor of the managers of 
the Society to transmit to the Branches the stimulus 
which they themselves received from their own more 
direct and daily communication with the army. It 
has been shown that personal letters were addressed 



S34 



THE PRIjSTTING OFFICE. 235 

monthly, or even more frequently, to tlie secretary of 
each society, articles prepared weekly for publication 
in the city papers, and documents, reports and ac- 
knowledgments widely circulated. 

As a means of further interesting the tril)utaries, 
and of directing and encouraging their work, and as a 
matter of economy and convenience, a small hand 
printing-press was purchased in August of this year, 
and a corner of the cutting-room in the second story 
partitioned off and converted into a miniature printing 
office, conveniently fitted up and well supplied with 
tyj)e and other fixtures. 

Here the young ladies of the Aid Room corps 
addressed themselves with much persistence to learn- 
ing the art of type-setting and press-work. With a 
few directions from a practical printer and after some 
laughal)le experience at the outset, these amateur 
typos became quite dextrous with composing-stick 
and roller and were soon able to produce work that 
would have been no discredit to any printing-house. 

From this little office the Cleveland Aid Society 
issued frequent l:)ulletins that were circulated among 
the Branches and elsewhere. These bulletins con- 
tained a list of hospital stores, with directions for 
preparation, packing and shipment, the latest tele- 
grams from agents at the front, noting the nature and 
urgency of any special need, or letters received at the 
Aid Rooms from persons who had been aided by the 
Sanitary Commission or had witnessed its benefits to 
others. Monthly business statements, reports of the 
Soldiers' Home, and all matters of general or special 
interest were submitted to correspondents in the same 
way. 



236 " AID SOCIETY PRINT. 

Tlie cards, l)ill-foi'ms, price-lists of material, letter- 
heads and all l)lanks used from tins time in the 
business of the Society also liore the impress, " Aid 
Society Print," and all were put in type, locked up, 
rolled and pressed off by the group of girls who added 
to their alread}' engrossing duties at the Aid Kooms 
the interesting but often laborious work of practical 
typography. 

It is only justice to mention that Miss Sara Maiian 
was foreman of this little printing office, and that 
Mrs. Miller, J\Iiss YounctLOVe and Miss Ruth Kel- 
logg were her persevering and competent assistants. 

Besides the estaldishment of the printing office, 
which really marked an era in Aid Room life, no 
changes of moment occurred this summer in the 
routine of duties that were always the same yet 
always fresh and always interesting to those who 
saw in them a reflex of the great work that was 
going surely forward, under southern suns, to a tri- 
umphant end. 

A frao-nient from a letter written at the Cleveland 
Aid Rooms, in August, 186-i, will serve as a picture 
of the busy life of this period : 

Mrs. R — ■ — is assorting and packing, Mrs. M snipping away at 

a great bale of blue and white stripe, N and S posting books, C 

■wrapping innumerable documents, while Tni and the redoubtable Barney, 
after shouting, hammering and pushing all the morning, have just de- 
Bpatched a shipment, two full car-loads. Two other car-loads went down 
yesterday. Those were pickles and lime juice purchased at the East. Now 
they are shipping onions from the Frankfort street storehouse and rushing 
in here semi-occasionally for orders, leaving a long line of muddy boot- 
tracks on the floor which was so beautifully scrubbed after yesterday's 
clearance ! DOMiNic, (bless his good natured soul and his one eye !) has 
just appeared in the doorway, whip in hand, calling for " tally " to his next 



CANVASSING AND FOKWARDING. 237 

load, and here comes Fbank, with his hands full of shipping-bills, and just 
at his heels is the Express man with the inevitable book which I must stop 
to receipt, * * * * next, a squad of soldiers from hospital, coming in 
for a friendly call and to ask for "just a sheet of paper and a steel pen, 
please, Miss," and one who is pale and feeble looks wistfully at the flannel 

shirts till good Mrs. M drops her shears and ties up for him in a snug 

bundle, a warm shirt and drawers, a little " comfort-bag " well filled and a 
white handkerchief. 

That completes the picture — ah no ! there goes Jerome, to the Home, 
carrying a baski^t of grapes and a carving knife, having left his request for 
a barrel of flour and sundry other supplies for our great household under 
the hill. 

Vegetables, pickles and krout — both purcliased 
and contributed — formed the great bulk of shipments 
to the southwest, and the demand for such supplies 
was still the burden of every letter from agents in the 
field. Tlie services of canvassers were continued with 
much success in influencing contributions and main- 
taining the branch societies. From the cutting and 
work department, which has been specially described, 
hospital clothing of excellent make and material was 
furnished in (piantity from week to week. 

Well-tested recipes for making blackberry syrups 
and cordials were widely scattered, and the medicinal 
virtues of these preparations were urged through city 
and country papers. A " blackberry army " of boys 
and girls was again recruited in many townships 
where the local societies were zealous in securino- the 
Avhole blackl)eiTy crop for hospital use. Fresh vege- 
tables in bulk and ripe currants were several times 
sent to the hospitals of CamjD Dennison, near Cincin. 
nati. Special requests from the surgeon of that post 
for bandages and dressings were honored from time to 
time. Garden seeds, onion-sets and flowering plants 
were again sent to the hospital gardens at Chatta- 
nooga. 



238 HELP FOR PRISONERS. 

In June of this year a large number of boxes con- 
signed by country societies were forwarded through 
the Cleveland Aid Rooms to the Ohio Relief Associa- 
tion at Washington, and later, large quantities of 
pickles and other stores called for by the Quartermas- 
ter General of Ohio were forwarded to Columbus for 
returned prisoners who were arriving there. Several 
hundred weight of tobacco were purchased by the 
Norwalk Branch for two regiments from that section. 
This gift, on reaching its destination, drew forth a 
graceful letter of acknowledgment and of tribute to 
the general usefulness of the Sanitary Commission 
among the soldiers in the field. The comparatively 
small needs of the Wheeling depot were still drawn 
from Cleveland. The Soldiers' Home established by 
the Sanitary Commission at Jeftersonville, Ind., was 
largely furnished, on opening, with bedding from the 
Cleveland Aid Rooms. The Soldiers' Home at Nash- 
ville often received special supplies from the same 
source. 

In answer to some touching letters from Union 
prisoners in Florence, Ala., and Columbia, S. C, several 
vain attempts were made to send boxes of comforts 
to these perishing men. The pitiable condition of 
our soldiers in the rebel prisons at Cahawba, Ala., 
reported by some of the escaped of exchanged prison- 
ers, moved the officers of the Cleveland Aid Society 
to open communication with the rebel officials in 
charge of that post, and to ask their help in deliver- 
ing to these suffering prisoners some supplies of 
clothing. Fair promises, never fulfilled, were the 
only results of these negotiations which were at last 
regretfully abandoned. 



CHANGE OF VICE-PRESIDENTS. 239 

Shipments to tlie Sanitary agency at Leavenworth, 
Kansas, were continued as usual. These goods had 
now free transportation over the Chicago, Burlington 
and Quincy, and Hannibal and St. Joseph railroads. In 
the duties of this agency, Mr. Brown was assisted by 
the Ladies' Aid Society of Leavenworth, which strug- 
gled through many difficulties to become an active 
and useful organization. The destitute state of the 
freedmen and Union i-efugees that were arriving in 
great numbers at Leavenworth was vividly brought 
to the notice of the Cleveland Society by the letters 
of Mrs. Hiram Griswold, a former resident of this 
city, who in removing to Kansas carried to this new 
home the quick sympathies and active loyalty that 
had made her for many months one of the most zeal- 
ous workers at the Cleveland Aid Rooms. 

At a regular meeting, November 1st, 1864, Mrs. J. 
A. Harris, who had been from its organization an 
active member of the Society, was chosen second vice- 
president. This office had been left vacant by the 
resignation, August 2d, of Mrs. Lewis Burton, whose 
charitable labors in other directions made her daily 
attendance at the Aid Rooms impossible. 

The officers and active members of the Society 
sometimes suffered in health from too laborious or 
exciting duty at the Rooms and were forced, occasion- 
ally, to seek rest and change for a few weeks — but, 
with the two exceptions noted above and on page 105, 
all were happily spared the pain of giving u]^, perma- 
nently, their places in a work that was all-engrossing 
and that brought day by day rich and all-satisfying 
reward to mind and heart. 



240 REVIEW OF THE YEAR. 

The treasurer's books at the close of the year 
showed that the resources of the Society liad been 
liberally expended, but there was constant demand 
for a class of stores that money could not buy, — for 
bandages, dressings, articles of home ^vorkmanship 
and many little comforts that only generosity and 
skill could supply. Every call for these Avas answered 
with a promptness that should be gratefully recorded 
to the lasting honor of the aid societies of Northern 
Ohio. 

During the summei", tributaries had been urged to 
collect pickles, krout, potatoes, onions and anything 
that would prevent or arrest scurv)'. These appeals 
were made in behalf of Suerjian's men, Iviuir before 
Atlanta, When that splendid army, on its ever-famous 
" march to the sea," passed beyond the loving care of 
the North and could only be followed by the prayers 
of thousands of anxious hearts, the forces of Tno:\rAs, 
gathering about Nashville, received generous supplies 
from Northern Ohio. 

The hospital stores shipped from Cleveland still 
Avent mainly to the headquarters of the Sanitary 
Commission at Louisville, Ky., thence to be for- 
warded to Nashville, Chattanot)ga, Atlanta, Memphis, 
Vicksburg and the ever more distant "front," to be 
dispensed by agents whose experience iitted them to 
bestow the right thing in the right place and to use 
supplies with less waste and more eifect than could 
be done by any transient distributor however con- 
scientious or zealous. 

From Dr. Newjjerry's final I'eport it a])pears that 
the stores distributed by the Sanitary Commission in 



EXPENSES OF DISTRIBUTION. 241 

the armies of the West were valued at five millions 
one hundred and twenty-three thousand two hundred 
and fifty-si:!^ dollars and twenty-nine cents, in the 
home field. The expenses of collecting, transporting 
and distributing these supplies amounted to one hun- 
dred and ninety-six thousand two hundred and thirty- 
seven dollars and eighteen cents, of which ninety-eight 
thousand eight hundred and ninety-four dollars and 
sixty-seven cents were paid for their distribution. In 
other words, the expense incurred outside of the 
home field, in transporting and distributing stores 
valued at over five millions of dollars was less than 
one hundred thousand dollars, or less than two per 
cent, of their valuation, a lower per centage than was 
claimed by any other organization of a similar charac- 
ter. If the work of the supply department of the 
West had been done as a commercial transaction, — if 
the stores had all been purchased, and the expenses 
of transporting and distributing them all paid in cash, 
— it certainly could not have been done where and as 
it was done for a less sum than ten millions of dollars. 

When the approach of Aviuter again increased the 
calls for woolens, socks and mittens, the aid societies 
turned their resources toward the purchase of mate- 
rial. Fairs, supj^ers and lectures were held in many 
towns for the " soldiers' aid " fund, dime sociables 
and tableau parties were made profitable to the good 
cause. 

As time went on, the tributary societies, learning 
from long experiejice and often-repeated precept that 
it is the supplies sent heforp the news of a battle that 



» <i 



242 NEW QUAKTERS. 

save lite and assuage suffering, settled into a steady- 
round of duty with results far more effective than any 
spasmodic action, however brilliant, could have pro- 
duced. 

There was, moreover, through this year an added 
impetus in the belief that " the beginning of the end " 
had come, — an impulse inspired by the achievements 
of our gallant armies, East and West. 

April 1st, 1865, the Cleveland Aid Kooms were 
removed three doors noi'th, to No. 89 Bank street. 

The old quarters had long been cramped and in- 
convenient, yet this change was not made without 
regrets at leaving the s]3ot Avhere the Society had 
begun its work and which the varied experience of 
four years had invested with so many and so dear 
associations. 

The new Rooms were a spacious wareroom on the 
ground floor with store cellar beneath, and a sky- 
lighted office in the rear, which a little taste and 
ingenuity soon converted into a pleasant boudoir 
counting-room. By general desire, the arrangement of 
desks and other furniture was made as nearly as 
possible the same as in the little office that had just 
been quitted. An interior staircase led to a large 
square room above, where the counters, shelves and 
store-boxes of the cutting and commission-sales de- 
partment found ample accommodation. Another 
staircase, directly above the first, gave access to a 
room of the same size in the third stor}^, and here the 
printing ofiice was established. A speaking tube 
from the office communicated with the second and 



A CONSECEATION. 243 

third Htory rooms, wliicli were air}-, Avell-liglited and 
cheerful. Gas and water were conveniently arrano-ed 
through the building. 

The new Aid Rooms, on the first day of oecu])ation, 
were consecrated by the funeral services of a Union 
soldier who had borne his starved body and crazed 
brain homeward from a rebel prison-j^en only to reach 
the Cleveland Soldiers' Home and die. No trace of 
his fjimily could be discovered and after a Aveek of 
vain attempt to acquaint them with his tate there 
gathered around his coffin at the Aid Rooms a little 
group — strangers to the dead, but not the less his 
mourning friends — who paid the last Christian offices 
of respect to his remains. Weeks afterwards, the in 
quiries, which had been diligently continued, were 
successful and the body was borne from its stranger 
grave to rest with kindred dust. This Avas the second 
occasion on which l)iirial services of the unclaimed 
dead were solemnized at the Cleveland Aid Rooms. 



CHAPTER XV. 

The Lope of returning peace, wHcli dawned with 
1865 and flushed with joyous excitement the opening 
months of that eventful year, broke into glorious sun- 
light when, on the 3d of April, the fall of Richmond 
was flashed over the land and, on the 9th, the capitu- 
lation of the rebel army in Virginia. 

These events virtually closed the war and were im- 
mediately followed by orders from theWar Department 
stopping enlistments, diminishing supplies, calling in 
troops and preparing to reduce the army to a peace 
basis. 

A few brief days of wild rejoicing, — in the vain 
attempt to grasp and take to heart the great happi- 
ness of peace indeed at hand, — and then the too 
bright future was suddenly overcast by deepest gloom, 
and the voice of triumph and thanksgiving died away 
in a wail of national lamentation as bafiled treason 
guided the assassin's hand to its deadly aim, and 
Abraham Lincoln fell, — the noisiest of martyrs to a 
noble cause. 

When the funeral pageant paused in its long sad 
journey, to rest in solemn state within the temple 
that loyal hands made haste to rear under the wide- 
spreading elms of the Forest City, the representatives 

3 4 4 




-•i V .> 1, _M 1 ^^ I X AlxK.. \^ LE\ 1- LA N 1.'. v -. 
The Remains of President Lincoln lying in State, April aS, 1S65. Page 244 



A MEMORABLE DAY. '24:5 

of the Sanitary Commission were allowed to bring 
tribute of rare flowers and to watch all throuo;h that 
mournful day near the coflin of the honored dead. 

Who of the thousands that passed, with downcast 
eye and muffled foottall, in review before that Silent 
Presence will ever forget the ineffable sadness of that 
day! — the clouds dropping gentle rain, in sympathy 
with a nation's tears, the si2:hino: wind liftino; and 
swaying the draperies of the curtained pagoda, heavy 
with symbols of woe, the national emblems everywhere 
drooping and shrouded with sables, — or the weird 
solemnities of the evening watch, when the moaning 
of the restless trees and the loud wail of the rising 
storm mingled fitfully with the wild strains of a dirge, 
and glancing torches flashed for one moment with un- 
earthly glare as the bearers reverently raised their 
sacred burden, and the cortege, with nodding plumes 
and stately trappings, swept out into the dense dark- 
ness that fell like a pall upon the mournful scene. 

Years of sorrow seemed to have clouded over and 
blotted out the bright rising of the sun of peace. In 
the exciting and varied events of that ever-memorable 
time it was hard to take up the burden of duties 
again, — nor was this a grief that faded with its day. 
The shaded faces and mourning breast knots of the 
little Aid Room group were long the symbols of a 
blow that fell upon every loyal heart with the weight 
of a personal bereavement. 

The actual close of the Avar was scarcely knoAvn or 
noted in Sanitary circles. The heaviest, most engross- 
ing, and by tar the most interesting relief work in 
the home field be2:an after the war had realh' ended. 



246 WELCOME HOME. 

The sudden cessation of hostilities, the rapid re- 
duction of the army, and the immediate return of 
regiments from the field made it the first duty of the 
Sanitary Commission to increase its means of pro- 
viding for the comfort of soldiers in transit. Other 
schemes aftecting the welfare of the soldier-turned- 
citizen were already working in philanthropic brains, 
to be brought forth so soon as occasion for them 
should be developed. Soldiers' Homes, lodging and 
feeding stations, that had been maintained for the 
accommodation of squads of invalid men or an occa- 
sional passing regiment, were now to be enlarged and 
fitted to welcome and give good cheer to thousands 
of homeward-bound heroes. 

In these duties the Cleveland Branch performed no 
unwilling part, and happily the generous results of the 
fair gave ample means for pursuing the purposes of 
the special relief department. The final report of the 
Sanitary fair had been made in the preceding March, 
when the balance, thirty-two thousand seven hundred 
dollars in Government bonds, w^as turned over to the 
exclusive control of the Society. This sum w^as in 
the treasury at the close of the w^ar. 

The interest of this history now passes into that of 
the Special Eelief service, which is fully presented in 
the accompanying Eeport. There, the enlargement of 
the Soldiers' Home, the busy care given day and 
night throughout the summer and fall to each return- 
ing regiment, and the subsequent conduct of the Free 
Claim Agency will be found in detail. These will be 
touched upon here only as it is necessary to refer to 
them in following the general history of the Society 
to its close. 



QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 247 

When it became certain that tlie aggressive opera- 
tions of war were indeed over, many brancli societies 
began to inquire, by letter or otherwise, whether tlie 
work of 23reparing hospital stores might not properly 
cease. It must be recorded here, to the credit of the 
Northern Ohio aid societies, that their contributions 
received at the Cleveland Rooms in the month of 
April, 1865, when the war closed^ were as great as 
they had been at any time, only excepting the excit- 
ing period immediately after the news of the battle 
of Pittsburg Landing in 1862. 

To the officers of the Cleveland Society, long accus- 
tomed to look forward to the effect upon their work 
of any possible change in military affairs, it seemed 
certain that the duties of the supply department must 
continue for a considerable time after the return 
of peace. In supplementing Government issues, the 
Sanitary Commission had never commanded stores 
enough to meet all the demands of our great armies, 
and in the event of any probable reduction of the 
forces during the coming summer there must yet be a 
wide field for the offices of benevolence. This opinion 
was always given in answer to the inquiries daily put 
by the representatives of tributary societies, — inqui 
ries that were not made from weariness or lack of 
interest but from honest belief that their occupation 
was gone. 

To strengthen this opinion by appeal to the highest 
sources of information on this point, the officers of the 
Cleveland Branch addressed a letter to the general 
office of the Sanitary Commission asking whether 
they might not follow the example of the War De- 



1^48 OONTlNUtNG SI PPL11>^. 

partmeiit, reduce expeuditure, cut down supplies, 
discourage coutribution, and prepare to give tlieir 
auxiliaries honoralde discharge from tlieir long and 
taitliful volunteer service. 

The reply to this is embodied in an extract from 
the minutes of a meeting of the Commission, x\pril 
20th : "■ The termination of the war leaves nmch to 
be done for the relief of the national forces in o-arri- 
son and before they could safely be disbanded and 
the men re- established in the pursuits of civil life. 
Such garrisons, as a rule, require more sanitary aid 
than the forces in the field, and Aid Societies should, 
in the opinion of the Commission, not abandon their 
work but continue it with added activity, in view of 
the prospect that it may soon gradually cease to be 
necessary." 

Ol^edient to the spirit of this decision, the duties of 
the supply service were continued at the Cleveland 
Aid Kooms with much vigor and chiefly in the 
interest of the troops that were maintained around 
jSTashville. Agents from that quarter reported Gen- 
eral Thomas still relying hopefully upon the Sanitary 
Commission for keeping his army well supplied with 
vegetables. A bulletin was at once issued to the 
branch societies, representing this fact and calling 
attention to the condition of the returned prisoners 
then gathering at Vicksburg, so many of whom were 
overtaken on their way homeward by that fearful 
calamity, the explosion of the Mississippi river steamer 
Sultana. 

The only way in which it seemed wise or even pos- 
sible to reduce expenses was by diminishing the issues 



A STATE OF SIEGE. 1^49 

of material to brancli societies, it being judged that 
the garments contributed would from this time be 
sufficient to keep up the due proportion in shipment. 
Notice was therefore given that, after May loth, no 
more packages of work would be furnished from the 
Cleveland Aid Rooms except in rare cases when a 
Branch that made frequent contribution should need 
a small supply to keep up the weekly meetings while 
endeavoring to raise funds. 

Even this attempted retrenchment was premature, 
for as regiment after regiment returned and was or- 
dered into Camp Cleveland, to wait muster-out and 
pay, a host of bronzed and sturdy veterans daily 
besieged the Rooms, each one bearing in his travel- 
stained garments and generally unkempt appearance 
the surest passj^ort to aid. To most of these men, in 
their devious wanderings, the paymaster had for 
months been a veritable will o' the wisp. Government 
issues of clothing had ceased, and in the interval 
between muster-oat and final pay-day the "Sanitary" 
found abundant occasion for its kind offices. 

The distribution of under-garments, socks, sus- 
penders, handkerchiefs, combs, soap, towels, writing 
materials, and the plug of tobacco that always comes 
first on the soldier's list of recpiirements, was at this 
time the chief business done at the Aid Rooms. 

The ladies were often dismayed to find a crowd 
blockading the pavement and j^atiently waiting their 
arrival of a morning, and when the doors were thrown 
open the throng was so great that they were fain to 
draw across the wide room a high counter, as a sort 
of barricade behind which thev could more conven- 



250 " COMFOKT-BAGS." 

iently arrange and a23portion tlieir issues. It was 
only stout, hale soldiers tliat were tlius barred out. 
The little wicket was always opened at the sight of a 
pale face or halting step, and garments of more deli- 
cate make and material or some dainties drawn from 
a certain reserve stock were slyly packed into the 
invalid's parcel. 

x\mono; the minor articles of convenience c:iven out 
at the Aid Rooms nothing was more useful than the 
little housewives or work l^ags that were generally 
made by school children and juvenile societies. 
Scarcely a day passed but some soldier would call in 
on the way to or from his regiment to beg for a 
needle, a skein of thread or a few buttons. Then the 
compact little " comfort-bag" was handed out, and, as 
if by magic, all his desires met their fulfilment. 

Sometimes the dextrous fingers of one of the Aid 
Room ladies had occasion to adjust a displaced arm- 
sling or to do some trifling office of the needle for a 
feeble soldier. Poor fellows ! they often sadly needed 
patching up, — if only a stitch could have been put 
into the lame arm or halting limb, to mend them up 
in body as well as in raiment ! 

Besides the great number of unpaid soldiers that 
flocked into the Aid Rooms, in these days of the break- 
ing up of camps and hospitals, there were others of a 
more forlorn class. They were those whose hard 
earned money, just received, had been filched by trav- 
eling pickpockets or cunningly coaxed away by con- 
fidence men and sharpers. This misfortune generally 
overtook the victim on his journey homeward and 
thus left him penniless among strangers, with no re- 



NO PLACE TO STOP. 251 

course on Government and totally dej^endent upon 
charity. The officers of the railroads centering in 
Cleveland listened with wonderful patience to the 
almost hourly request for passes, and helped these 
unfortunates forward with great kindness. The tables 
of the Soldiers' Home supplied them with food and a 
package of luncheon for the journey. Some neces- 
saries of clothing were usually furnished from the 
Aid Rooms. This home distribution comes under 
the head of Special Relief, and is detailed in the ac- 
companying Report. 

The Sanitary Commission had fixed upon July 1st, 
as the probable limit of the supply service. When 
that time came, the Cleveland Branch found no j^lace 
to stop, but every reason to continue the issues that 
have been mentioned. Tliose who for more than four 
years had followed the soldier into canij) and upon 
the field with their gifts were resolved that he should 
not ask in vain when he returned to a land of plenty. 

A considerable sum was expended in purchasing 
certain articles that were not in the usual line of con- 
tribution, and the branch societies were called upon 
in an urgent circular issued July 10th, to continue 
their meetings or to reorganize if disbanded. Notice 
was at the same time given that cut garments would 
be sent out from the Cleveland Aid Rooms as usual 
until the Branches could again gather funds to buy 
material for their own work. 

The long weekly reports of receipts in hospital 
clothing, furnishings and especially in farm and dairy 
products, through the entire siunmer of 1865, are testi- 



252 THE EMPLOYMENT AGENCY. 

moiiy to the faitliful continuance in well-doing of the 
aid societies of Northern Ohio long after the close of 
the war afforded them a plausible excuse for resting 
from their labors. 

THE E M P L O V M E XT A G E X C Y . 

The rapid disbanding of our armies immediately 
suggested to the Sanitary Commission the need of 
some systematic pro\dsion for re-establishing the re- 
turned soldiers in the relations and pursuits of civil 
life, from which they had become more or less de- 
tached. It was proposed to effect this by constituting 
each supply Branch a "Bureau of Information and 
Employment," to which all discharged soldiers could 
apply for business situations, and where the invalid 
or partially disabled, especially, were to be aided in 
finding such light occupations as they could best 
pursue. 

An Employment Agency was opened at the Cleve- 
land Aid Rooms, May 1st, 1865, upon a plan of 
registration furnished by the Central office at Wash- 
ington. The books give only a partial showing of 
the aid afforded by the Society to soldiers in search of 
employment, much informal and unrecorded work of 
this kind having been done from the first year of the 
war. The early applicants, invariably disabled men, 
had been put into the way of obtaining work, if fit for 
any duty, or classed, with their families, among the 
objects of special relief. 

On opening the Agency it was advertised through 
the city and countr}^ papers, and circulars calling 
attention to it were distributed among business men. 



ITS MANAGEMENT. 253 

A blackboard, scribbled all over with an attractive 
enumeration of the talents and accomplishments of 
the applicants, was conspicuously posted on the pave- 
ment in front of the Aid Room door, and every effort 
was made to bring employer and employe together. 

The permanently disabled men were considered the 
first claimants and these were certainly the most diffi- 
cult to place in situations. In cases where only half 
service could be done, and wages were small in pro- 
portion, a monthly allowance for house rent was 
given and the aid of the Society again and again ex- 
tended. Tools and materials were loaned or given to 
sick men who could gain a trifle by working at home. 
If quite unable to earn anything they were withdrawn 
from the books of the Agency and entered as pen- 
sioners of the Aid Society. Several young men who 
were disabled by the loss of limbs were allowed to 
remain at the Soldiers' Home through a course of 
study at the Commercial College, two were sent to 
city schools, and three became telegraph operators 
and offices were secured for them. 

Of those registered as able bodied, nearly all Avere 
feeble from late illness and only very few were fit for 
full duty. The majority of the really able bodied 
men were too lately from the army to have regained 
the industrious habits of civil life, — some failed to 
report a second time at the office, others left the city 
upon mere hearsay of employment elsewhere, and 
several who were provided with situations broke the 
engagement and were dismissed from the books. A 
few, known to he intemperate and unworthy, were 
refused entry upon application. These cases of 



254: A SIGNIFICANT RECORD. 

untaithfulDess are balanced by those of several ex- 
cellent men who are still liolding positions of trust 
with their first employers. 

Young men who came in from the country to look 
for work, if without means, were admitted to the 
Soldiers' Home for three days, furnished with a card 
of recommend to employers and directed where to 
apply. The permit for the Home was extended at 
discretion if it expired before employment was secured. 
Upon notice from the employer that an engagement 
had l)een formed, the soldier was often allowed to 
remain at the Home till first pay-day enal)led him to 
engage a boarding place. 

The employers' register did not keep pace with that 
of the applicants, and it became necessary to make 
personal appeals to the business men of the city. 
The duty of placing the disal)led involved especial 
ingenuity and persistence on the part (~)f the ladies 
of the Society, much running about after office hours, 
an occasional day's traveling, hither and yon, A\^ith 
livery horses, and a continual boring of friends, kins- 
folk and acquaintance. 

In turning over the books of the Employment 
Agency it is interesting to notice many names long 
familiar to the Society, — names that appear first upon 
the supply l^ooks, when the soldier on marching 
away from home received some article of comfort or 
convenience from the Aid Rooms ; next, entered upon 
the records of the Hospital Directory, when missed 
from the ranks after a battle or reported in some far- 
off hospital, he was traced at the request of sorrowing 
friends ; later, it is found in the list of those who, on 



AN ABSTRACT. 255 

'the homeward journey, found rest and refreshment in 
the Soldiers' Home; again, uj^on the Special Kelief 
books, where supplies of food, fuel, medicines or 
clothing for his family are noted beneath it ; and when 
health and strength are returning it is registered with 
an application for employment. Lastly, the soldier, 
turned citizen, will file his papers with the Free Claim 
Agency. 

Such a record shows the watchfulness of the Sani- 
tary Commission over the objects of its care, and is 
no less significant of the confidence that the soldier 
placed in this tried and faithful friend. 

ABSTKACT OF THE CLEVELAND EMPLOYMEKT AGEjSXY. 

Number of applications by employers, 170 

Number of applications for employment : 

By able bodied men, 258 

By disabled men, 153 

Total applicants for employment 411 

Number failed to report a second time, 80 

Number of applications by letter, not received 31 

Ill 

300 
Number furnisbed witb employment : 

Able bodied men, 108 

Disabled men, 98 

Total furnished, 206 

Number remaining on the books unfurnished, 94 

Number once furnished, applied a second time, 77 

KINDS OF EMPLOYMENT FURNISHED: 

Mechanics, 24; Clerks and Copyists, 37 ; Farmers and Gardeners, 17; 
Laborers and Porters, 52 ; Teamsters, 17 ; Railroad hands, 9 ; In private 
families, 25 ; Agents, 4 ; Post Office Clerks, 4 ; Telegraph Operators, 3 ; 
Watchmen, 3 ; Policemen, 3 ; Entered at School, 2 ; Physician, 1 ; Janitor. 
1 ; Tollgate keeper, 1 ; Pedler, 2 ; Unknown, 11. Total, 206. 



CHAPTER XVL 

The shipments of the Society ceased about the 
middle of August, on advice from the Louisville head- 
quarters, and no further effort was made to attract 
contributions. Supplies received after that time were 
used at the Home for the comfort of its inmates and 
later were given to destitute disabled soldiers who 
were living in or near the city, or to any needy dis- 
charged men who applied at the office of the Aid 
Rooms for help. 

With the close of the supply service came the iirst 
realization that the war was indeed over. 

The bustle of packing, boxing and despatching 
ceased, and the long room, which had been nearly 
cleared by the last shipment, looked lonesome and 
dreary. The last Bulletins and Reporters had been 
mailed and the Document committees retired from 
their long and laithful service. The cutting and work 
department was cleared of material and the duties of 
that committee were ended. Draymen looked idly in 
at the door in the vain hope of getting a "job," and 
the porter, for lack of employment at the Aid Rooms, 
was transformed into factotum and half-hourly-express 
to the Home, where the busy summer's work of receiv- 
ing regiments still continued. The printing press 



2 a B 



CLOSE OF THE SUPPLY WORK. 257 

Was seldom used now and only in the business of the 
Employment Agency, which, with the general care of 
the records, was at this time the only office work 
done at the Rooms. 

In their determination not to desert the work, the 
officers of the Society had now stood at their post till 
the work had deserted them and the question of con- 
tinuing had solved itself 

Septeml)er 1st, the main room and store cellar, now 
needlessly spacious, were under-leased to a business 
hrm. The signs were taken down, the receiving-cases, 
empty barrels and packing boxes, the porter's truck 
and skids, the scales and other fixtures and conven- 
iences of the shipping department, were disposed of at 
private sale or returned to the owners who had loaned 
them, and a general clearance by auction was made of 
miscellaneous articles that had accumulated in the 
four and a half years of business and were valueless 
to the soldiers or their families. 

The office furniture and books, with a small supply 
of stores for chance distribution, were removed to 
the second story, where an Aid Room in miniature 
was established. Here everything was carefully dis- 
posed to preserve so far as possible the arrangement 
of the dear old room that had just been vacated. 
Office hours were from 9 o'clock, A. M., till 12 M. 

Published notice was given that the Cleveland Aid 
Rooms had been removed to "office No. 17, second 
iloor," where the ladies would remain to close up the 
business, arrange their papers, and render a final re- 
port. The branch societies were released from fur- 
ther duties, with words of grateful thanks, and their 

17 



258 BREAKING UP THE AID ROOMS. 

officers were requested to send in their own closing 
statements with any other papers that would be 
of service in making up the general history. All out- 
standing packages of work and material were called 
in, Notice was at the same time given that a part of 
the Soldiers' Home would be kept open till some 
permanent provision had been made, by State or Na- 
tional Government, for homeless disabled soldiers, and 
that at the office of the Society, in the Home building, 
some one of the ladies would be found every morning 
between the hours of 9 and 12. 

The coveted retirement and quiet opportunity for 
balancina: books and closino- accounts were not secured 
even by this withdrawal to a second floor rear. The 
morning office-hours were engrossed with the Employ- 
ment Agency, which involved much patience and 
perplexity, and even the long afternoons slipped by, 
filled with a succession of duties — often trifling, but 
all going to make up the sum of special relief work. 

Several hours of each day were passed at the Home, 
where a family of about sixty was now maintained, 
mostly men who were admitted for a few days while 
seeking employment in the city. Squads of invalids 
just discharged from hospital came, day after day, and 
there was, at long intervals, a regiment late in making 
the journey home from some distant ]30st, — but the 
great rush was over. The household of the Home 
gradually fell back into the regular ways of the old 
time, and the ladies could enjoy a quiet night in their 
own houses with only a faint chance of being startled 
from their dreams by the Avell-known summons to 
welcome an approaching regiment. 



OHIO STATE SOLDIEES' HOME. 259 

lu June of this year, Governor Brougii, interested 
for the future of the homeless disabled men who were 
being discharged from hospital, had applied to the 
War Department for the transfer of Tripler Hospital, 
near Columbus, with its furniture and equipments, to 
the State of Ohio, with the purpose of founding a 
permanent Soldiers' Home. This request was granted 
and the transfer duly made. 

The Ohio State Soldiers' Home was formally 
opened October l7th, 1865, and all invalid or dis- 
abled discharged men were invited to its hospitality, 
— " not as a charity," so reads the circular, " but as a 
return in part for what they have sacrificed for their 
country." The State Home was pleasantly located 
on the banks of the Scioto river, about three miles 
from Columbus. The buildings were temporary, in 
the barrack style, convenient, commodious and nearly 
new ; in fact the workmen were still busy upon them 
when the war closed. The furniture and equi^^ments 
were reasonably amj)le. 

To sustain this new asylum until an appropriation 
could be obtained from the Ohio LeQ:islature at its 
approaching session, the Cincinnati Branch Sanitary 
Commission gave fifteen thousand dollars. This sum 
not being sufficient, in the unexpected delay in acting 
upon the bill, the Cleveland Branch later gave five 
thousand dollars from its treasury towards the sup- 
port of the State Home. 

A few days before the formal ojjening in October, 
the secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland Society 
visited the State Home, on request of the superintend- 
ent, Hon. Isaac Brayto^^, and it was then agreed to 



'2(^0 TRANSFERRING SOLDIERS. 

transfer all invalid soldiers that were in the Cleveland 
Home to this more permanent asylum, and to make 
known to the disabled soldiers of Northern Ohio this 
new provision for their comfoi't. The design was to 
turn over at once to the State Home all the furniture 
and stores of the Cleveland Home, but this was soon 
found to be impracticable. The daily arrivals of 
feeble soldiers en route from distant hospitals, the 
occasional coming of a regiment, and especially the 
presence of several hopelessly sick men whose critical 
condition, protracted through the winter, forbade any 
thought of their removal to Columbus, made it neces- 
sary to keep the Cleveland Soldiers' Home open, 
month after month, as will })e seen by the accompany- 
ing report. 

The branch aid societies were desired, by letter and 
circular, to inform all feeble and disabled soldiers in 
their locality — - without distinction of State or nation- 
ality — of their claims to the charity of the State and 
to urge them to accept it. Xotice was sent through- 
out Northern Ohio that soldiers desiring to enter the 
State Home might report themselves at Cleveland 
whence they would be forwarded to Columbus at the 
charge of the Sanitary Commission. The officers of 
the Society made it the chief business of this winter 
to collect and send forward invalid soldiers to Co- 
lumbus. 

The Cleveland Soldiers' Home became a rendezvous 
where the feeble men were kept for a few days for 
rest, if need be, i^rovided with comfortal)le under 
clothing, furnished with railroad tickets to Columbus 
and a certificate which insured them admission to the 



CLOSING UP. 261 

State Home. The Cleveland and Columbus railroad 
company afforded tliese tickets to the Aid Society at 
half the usual rates. The steward of the Cleveland 
Home was often sent down in charge of a squad of 
helpless soldiers or with very sick men, who were 
always removed on a bed comfortably settled in the 
baggage car. At the Columbus depot an ambulance 
stood ready to convey them to the door of the State 
Home. Some further notice of the Ohio State 
Soldiers' Home is given in the Special Relief Report 
which accompanies this history. It may be said here 
that the oflicers of the Cleveland Aid Society had a 
warm interest in this institution through its entire 
existence, — an interest that was not withdrawn when 
in the summer of 1867 it was transferred to the 
general Government, became a National Soldiers' 
Asylum, and was removed to permanent buildings 
at Dayton, O. 

As may be imagined, the work of " closing up " 
went on but slowly in the little second-story office of 
the Aid Society this winter. 

Files of letters were indeed drawn from their dusty 
pigeon-holes and prepared for 23reservation in letter- 
books ; printed documents were indexed and arranged 
for binding. The great ledgers and shipping books 
were still to be reviewed, an aggregate of the business 
taken and a careful estimate made of the cash value 
of all contributions. 

While this dull work was going heavily forward at 
rare intervals, on chance occasions of comparative 
leisure, a new duty so plainly appeared that there 



262 THE FREE CLAi:\r AGENCY. 

was no question of j)utting it aside or shrinking from 
its burdens. 

The Branch Agency established at Cleveland hj the 
general Commission, January 1st, 1865, for the prose- 
cution, without charge to the soldier, of naval and 
military claims of the late war, was — like all similar 
offices — ordered to be closed at the end of the year, 
with transfer of the pending claims to the general 
office at Washington. When the time of closing 
came, a great number of unsettled claims remained on 
the books, to which the proposed transfer would 
cause much delay and embarrassment, while the daily 
increasing business clearly showed the importance to 
the soldier of continuing a free Agency in this 
locality. 

The officers of the Aid Society believed that they 
could not use to a better or more legitimate j)urpose 
the balance in the treasury than by assuming the 
expenses and supervision of the Claim office. This 
being decided on, the Free Claim Agency was estab 
lished in the third-floor room, directly above the office 
that was still known as the " Aid Room." The print- 
ing press, now disused, was taken down to give place 
to this new de23artment, and was subsequently given 
to the State Home. 

April 20th, 1866, five years from the date of its 
organization, the Society contracted office limits 
again, giving up the second floor, removing to the 
third story and sharing that room with the Claim 
Agency. This third migration was easily accom- 
plished. The desks and books, and a few boxes of 
soldiers' clothing and little comforts to answer the 



ITS MANAGEMENT. 263 

e 

appeals that were made almost daily, were soon trans- 
ferred to "Eoom 15, third floor." The pictures and 
trifling ornaments, that had l)een carefully preserved 
in every removal and Avere dearly prized from asso- 
ciation, were still made by familiar grouping to recall 
memories of the lights and shadows of Aid Room 
life. The porter, whose oflice was now a sinecure, 
was commended, with testimonials of long and faith- 
ful service, to another situation. A discharged soldier 
well known to the Society by his trusty performance 
of duty at the Home, was employed as sub-clerk, 
porter, and agent in the many little items of l)usiness 
that constantly occurred in rendering special relief to 
soldiers in transit or to soldiers' families. 

In taking charge of the Claim Agency there had 
been no thought of maintaining it beyond the time 
needed for adjusting the claims under existing laws, 
but as new and important pension and bounty laws 
were soon agitated and finally passed, the same 
reasons which had moved the Society to assume the 
business were urgent for its continuance and it was 
resolved to keep the oflice open until the decision of 
Congress upon the proposed increase of pensions 
should be made known. 

The purj^oses of the Agency were again advertised 
through the press of Northern Ohio and its notices 
widely distributed. The oflicers and members of the 
branch societies were furnished with its cards and 
circulars and requested to put them into the hands of 
every soldier who might need legal aid in adjusting 
his claims on Government for services in the late war. 

The Aid Room circle was now l^roken u]^ and the 



264 LAST DAYS. 

secretary and treasurer of the Society alone remained 
to direct the affairs of the Claim office, in which an 
authorized agent was employed. The growing busi- 
ness under new laws of June, 1866, obliged them to 
increase the clerical force and to give their whole time 
and constant services to the minutiae of office work. 

In the really wearying routine of duties so unex- 
pectedly protracted, it was impossible to find time or 
thought for preparing the general history and final 
statements that had been so long promised to the 
public. Besides the unwillingness to put aside the 
claims of a needful charity or to stop short of the con- 
scientious fulfilment of a public trust, there was an 
actual inability to sum up the results of a work that 
was yet unfinished. 

The Agency ceased to take new applications, Janu- 
ary 1st, 1867, and remained open only to claimants 
whose papers were already on file there. From this 
time the duties of the office were less engrossing, and 
on the 1st of July an agreement was made with an 
experienced agent to take charge of the still pending 
claims, he to receive from the Society a specified sum 
upon each claim at its final adjustment. 

Though relieved, by this agreement, from daily 
attendance at the office, the secretary and treasurer 
could not feel absolved from personal responsibility 
and were unwilling to wholly resign into other hands, 
however competent, the closing business of the 
Agency. The history of the Cleveland Free Claim 
Agency, which properly closes the general history 
of the Aid Society, is detailed in the accomj^anying 
Special Eelief Report. 



SUMMARY. ^Q^J 

The reader is referred to tliat Report, page 398, 
for the expansion of a subject whose brief mention 
here scarcely conveys an idea of the three years of 
labor and solicitude which the management of the 
Claim Agency involved, after the actual close of the 
war. 



The foregoing pages are a brief sketch of the work 
that loyalty prompted one small district to do for the 
soldiers. They are submitted in the hope that it may 
not be uninteresting to trace the history of a Society 
which was the first permanently organized, one of the 
first to enter the field, and the last to leave it ; which 
1)egan with a capital of two gold dollars and closed 
with a cash statement of more than one hundred and 
seventy thousand dollars ; which grew from a neigh- 
borhood sewing-circle to become the representative of 
five hundred and twenty-five branch organizations, in 
dispensing hospital stores valued at nearly a million of 
dollars ; which built and supported a Soldiers' Home 
and conducted a Special Relief system and an Em- 
ployment Agency, from which sixty thousand Union 
soldiers and their families received aid and comfort, 
and a Free Claim Agency which gratuitously collected 
war claims aerGiresfatino: three hundred thousand dol- 
lars, at a savin,2: to the claimants of over seventeen 
thousand dollars. 

Appended to this volume are tabular statements 
which confirm the above summary. 

Appendix A gives the treasurer's cash report, an 
enumeration of the supplies issued, with their cash 



18 



2C)i\ ABSTRACTS. 

valuation, aud a list of the army localities to wliieli 
tliese were shipped. 

Appendix B sums up the exjienses of the Special 
Ilelief service, includino- tlie cost of buildlns:, enlarc:- 
ing and maintaining the Cleveland Soldiers' Home, 
and notes the number, of lodgings, meals and transpor- 
tation tickets furnished to soldiers, classifying the 
applicants by the states from whicli they were enlisted . 
This aj^pendix also gives the names of citizens who 
contributed casli for building the Home, and of those 
Brancb Societies that sent supplies specifically for its 
tables. 

Appendix C reports the business of the Free Claim 
Agency, the number and designation of the cases tiled 
and tlie items and aggregate of expense. 

Appendix D records tlie names of ladles of the city 
Avhose payment of the monthly fee, for one year or 
longer, or whose active part in tlie work at the Aid 
Rooms, entitles them to be called members of the 
Society, and the names of the gentlemen who wei'e 
enrolled as honorary members. 

In Appendix E are the names of those friends of 
the Aid Society who wei-e most piominent in all 
schemes for supplying its treasury, — ladles and gen- 
tlemen whose energy and skill projected concerts, 
tableaux and amusements of various kinds, and young 
people whose musical or artistic talents made these 
amateur entertainments charming and profitable. The 
special committees of tlie Sanitary Fair have their 
place here, though even this long array of names eni- 
l)races but a tithe of those who worked zealously in 
that o;reat charitv. The local associate members of 



REPORTS. 267 

the U. S. Sanitary Commission, the Ward Kelief Com- 
luittees, so far as reported, and the city Reception 
Committees are included in this appendix. 

Appendix F is a list of Branch Societies, with the 
names of their officers and correspondents, so far as it 
was possible to obtain them from letters or reports. 
Under some of these will be found a summary of the 
cash disbursed or of the estimated contril)ution in 
kind. These have all been taken from the written re- 
ports of an officer. Where no valuation was furnished 
none has been supplied. 

Even the most satisfactory of these statements but 
feebly shadows the patience, enthusiasm and self devo- 
tion involved in maintaining an Aid Society, formed, 
as many of these were, in localities where farm duties 
were engrossing, neighborhoods scattering, and ship- 
ping facilities inconvenient, — where money was not 
plenty and laborers were few. 

Earnest and repeated requests have been made, by 
letter and circular, for the closing statement of each 
society, but so meagre has been the response that it 
became a matter of doubt whether to publish those 
that were received. In deciding to do this partial 
justice to the few, it is much regretted that even the 
names of others equally prominent must be unrecorded, 
and that some of the most important auxiliary socie- 
ties are left entirely without a business showing. 

The difficulty of obtaining these reports, though 
embarrassing to those who would gladly have given 
the Branches more sj^ace in this volume, is a not un- 
pleasing commentary upon the spirit which animated 
the ftiithful laborers in Northern Ohio Aid Societies 



268 CONCLUSION. 

tliroiighout tlie war. In tlieir zeal to begin their 
work, and tlieir enthusiastic continuance, some " liad 
no time to waste in keeping books;" others, indifferent 
to the future, destroyed their papers from time to time, 
as valueless, — so soon as they were satisfied that their 
boxes had reached destination, — or celebrated the 
happy return of peace by a general bonfire of their 
records. Some of the most efficient organizations 
worked steadily on without change of officers, and 
when the war closed, quietly resumed the interrupted 
duties of the missionary circle or church sociable from 
which their Aid Society had been temporarily formed, 
and this without summing up results or claiming or 
expecting honor or reward. 

But all who had any part in the beneficent work 
in which it was woman's peculiar privilege to serve her 
country, must feel abundantly rewarded in having been 
able to do something for those who gave health, 
manly strength, worldly j^rospects, ties of home, and 
even life itself, in the more perilous service of the 
field. 

As already sweet flowers and tender plants creep 
over and half conceal the battle footprints but lately 
left on many a field and hillside of our land, so sweet 
charities and tender memories arise to enwrap the 
eaunt fio'ure and veil the orim visasre of War, that 
must forever stand, a central object, upon the canvas 
that portrays the history of these memorable years. 



PART II. 



SPECIAL RELIEF. 




liillil^ , hMmmalilLkiLiii, 



iitHiliiy.li'j 



UiiiU 



SPECIAL RELIEF. 



That division of the Sanitary Commission work 
knoAvn as the Special Relief Depaetment, com- 
prised all the aid rendered to soldiers, individnally, 
both through the Homes and Lodges, and from the 
depots of supplies. 

The branches of this service were : the Hospital 
Directory, throuo-h whose medium the condition of 
a soldier, sick in hospital or camp, could be daily 
learned, and whose records of the battle field told 
the fate of many a missing man ; the Employment 
Agency, which secured to discharged soldiers occu- 
pation suited to their various degrees of disability; 
the War Claim Agency, which collected gratuitously 
for soldiers, their widows or heirs, the pension, arrears 
of pay and bounty due them; and the Soldiers' 
Homes, whose reports also covered the assistance 
rendered the families of enlisted men. These com2:)re- 
hended the entire work as know^n to the home field. 
At the front the design was necessarily varied and 
expanded, embracing the system of hospital cars and 
transports, of feeding stations and hospital visitors. 

The Soldiers' Homes of the Commission grew out 
of a necessity soon recognized — that of facilitating 
the transportation of sick and disabled men. Much 

19 273 



274 SOLDIERIS' HOMES AND RESTS. 

suffering was found to exist in tlie transfer of sucli 
from insufficient arrangements for food and rest, and 
the attention of the Sanitary Commission was directed 
to this ffict. To remedy the evil, Homes or Kests 
were established in all the large cities on the great 
routes of travel, or in military occupation. 

First designed for the relief of the sick and desti- 
tute, the plan, widening, included all soldiers of the 
national army on furlough or discharge. The larger 
establishments, drawing rations from the government 
to cover the greater expense, invited to their hospi- 
talities even regimental organizations on transfer to 
the field, or returning to their camps of discharge. 

Here the sick soldier found rest and refreshment ; 
the discharged and disabled man, awaiting the first 
installment of pension, gained a temporary asylum ; 
the recruit, the veteran, the returned prisoner, met 
here the sympathy of their loyal fellow citizens in 
many forms of substantial comfort. 

The present report embraces only those phases of 
the local relief work which may properly be con- 
nected with the history of the Cleveland Soldiers' 
Home. 

marine hospital, army department. 

In the van of those who, during the first six months 
of the war, applied, personally, to the Soldiers' Aid 
Society for relief, were the soldiers in the hastily 
organized camps, who were, at first, scantily supplied 
with clothing and bedding. 

Often a company of fresh, stalwart country lads, 
arriving in hot haste, found their patriotic fervor 



EARLY CAMP LIFE. 275 

severely tested by the necessity of passing their first 
night in camp exposed to the fury of a summer tem- 
pest. Promptly following such accessions to the 
military force, came a delegation of soldiers to the Aid 
Rooms in search of relief from that quarter, Avhile they 
relate the trials of the boys, who marched in from 
Hiram, or Chardon, last night, and lay on the wet 
ground. Later in the war, taught by past experience, 
the mother gave her soldier a home-made blanket or 
patch-work quilt, as a temporary expedient; but, in 
the first days, the great question was, wlio should be 
earliest in the field i Providence and tlie quartermas- 
ter would take care of the rest. 

Here are a file of so-called requisitions for blankets 
from the 7th, the 8th, the 40th Ohio Regiments, — 
names which afterw^ards became so honored, and 
whose members fought bravely, suffered, died on the 
field, in hospital, or brought home their wounds and 
lived to smile at the hardships of the first days of 
enlistment. 

Following soon u2)on the organization of the Sol- 
diers' Aid Society, was the formation, in all wards 
of the city, of committees who assumed the charge of 
the soldiers' families, visited each and all systemati- 
cally, and distributed to them, according to their 
several necessities, food and clothing, purchased from 
the funds contributed in each district for this pur- 
pose. (See Appendix E.) 

Personal investigation, faithfully pursued in all 
cases, by members of the various ward committees, 
resulted in an impartial and coiTect disposition of the 
money committed to them. The aid thus bestowed, 



276 WARD COMMITTEES. 

in most instances, was received as simply supplemen- 
tary to the honest labor of the soldier's wife ; although 
the good committee ladies once found their offer of 
employment rejected on the ground that "she couldn't 
be expected to work, as she understood the ladies 
were to be supported while their husbands were 

in the war." 

Although these committees were, to a great extent, 
composed of active members of the Aid Society, the 
Ward Relief system being wholly local in its work- 
ings, was entirely independent of the Sanitary Com- 
mission. Relieved thus from the direct care of the 
soldiers' families, the Aid Society still occasionally 
rendered them assistance, and this in time became an 
important item in its current work. As a medium of 
communication between the home circle and the absent 
soldier, it was always available. 

Among the recruits in Camps Wade and Taylor, 
there were soon sick men, suffering from the unusual 
exposure, injured by the accidental discharge of fire 
arms, or victims of the inevitable camp diseases, who, 
in the absence of hospital accommodations, fell to the 
charge of the Sanitary Commission. 

Regjimental hospitals were organized and well con- 
ducted, but as each in turn was broken up, when 
marching orders came, the patients who were unable 
to go on Avith the regiment, again reverted to the 
Aid Society. Their number daily increased, and in 
lodging houses, where they were quartered, they could 
not receive the care their condition required. It was 
evident that some more extended system must be 
adopted, and to effect this, a meeting was called on 



MARINE HOSPITAL. 277 

the llth of November, 1861, by the gentlemen who 
had been recently appointed associate members of the 
General Sanitary Commission. (See Appendix E.) 

The Soldiers' Aid Society was invited to co-operate 
in the scheme, and a committee appointed to secure a 
portion of the Marine Hospital for the use of invalid 
soldiers. On aj)plicatioii to tlie Secretary of the 
Treasury, the Collector of the port was authorized to 
assign one or two rooms in the great, half tenanted 
building for this purpose. 

The Faculty of the Cleveland Medical College 
offered to attend the j^atients gratuitously. A con- 
tract was made with the steward of the Hospital to 
supply necessary food, while the outfit of bedding, 
clothing, dressings and nourishing diet for the sick 
came from the store room of the Soldiers' Aid Society. 

To what was now called the Army Department of 
the Marine Hospital, Mr. B. Rouse gave his time and 
services as director of its affairs, nurse, faithful attend- 
ant upon the sick and correspondent. For the two 
soldiers who died there — one burned by an explosion 
in the corral, the other returning on furlough to his 
Illinois home — he performed every kind office, then 
traced the friends of each and gave them the partic- 
ulars, so full of interest, of the soldiers' sickness and 
death. 

Here, in fact, the Aid Society found little to do. 
It could visit the patients, from time to time; now 
and then aid one in returning to his home, and hold 
itself, on all occasions, in readiness to respond to calls 
upon its stores for the use of the hospital. It became 
also, in several instances, responsible for soldiers too 
ill to be safely removed to the Marine Hospital. 



378 



PITTSBURGH LANDING. 



As the men became convalescent, were discliarged, 
and returned to their regiments, from one and another 
would come back a letter, full of the writer's views of 
the war and administration of military affairs, seldom 
failing to revert, in the words of one correspondent, 
" to your kindness that you shew me, when I thought 
no friend was near." 

The expense of maintaining the hospital was borne 
by the committee under whose charge it was organ- 
ized. After the establishment of the Depot Hospital 
this committee ceased to act, while the S23ecial Relief 
w^ork was thenceforth assumed by the Soldiers' Aid 
Society, at this time formally connected with the U. 
S. Sanitary Commission" and recosfnized as its Cleve- 
land Branch, 



THE DEPOT hospital. 

On the Gth and 7th of April, 1862, the battle of 
Pittsburgh Landing was fought. 

In common with the entire West, Northern Ohio 
was deeply moved and aroused by this struggle, in 
which a large proportion of its troops were engaged. 
On that first anxious day, when it was rumored that 
the great battle was in progress, which was afterwards 
decided in favor of the Union forces, the Aid Rooms 
were thronged with an eager crowd, which gathered 
and increased as intelligence, later and more full, reveal- 
ed the extent of loss, even to the victorious trooj^s. The 
imperfect lists of wounded and dead were finally made 
public, and there were still many, bewildered by the 
vagueness of the rej^orts, the distance of the unfamiliar 
battle ground, who came to the Aid Society as the 



HOSPITAL STEAMERS. 279 

fountain head of military information. Little aid 
could be rendered them there beyond writing a letter 
of enquiry — the mere sending of which was a tempo- 
rary relief to anxiety and suspense — and sometimes 
enlisting them in working for any and all soldiers. 
Often the amanuensis of the office was petitioned to 
read the joyful answer to her missive, wherein it 
appeared that the writer was safe and wanted another 
fio^ht. Often, too, a few kind words from the unskilful 
pen of a brother soldier were brought her to deci- 
pher, which told that poor so and so was killed on 
the second day's fight, or, what was almost as hard to 
hear, had been wounded and taken prisoner by the 
enemy. 

Within a week from the date of the battle, the 
hospital steamers of the Sanitary Commission brought 
up the river the first installment of wounded men, 
who could bear removal to the cooler northern climate. 
The hospitals along the route received their allotted 
number of patients ; the convalescents were furloughed 
and allowed to return to their own homes. 

At this time the suggestion was made to the Aid 
Society by Mrs. James Shaw, of Windham, O., that 
something should be done at Cleveland for the relief 
and comfort of the soldiers who must pass through 
that city. Several wounded and sick boys from 
Northern Ohio regiments had spent the night, hungry 
and cold, on the floor of the Union Depot. 

Two ladies from the Aid Eooms were at once 
detailed to carry into execution a hastily formed plan 
which would meet the exigencies of the case. A 
small room in the Depot was obtained, through the 



280 THE DEPOT HOSPITAL. 

kindness of the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula 
railroad company, for a temporary hospital, accessible, 
well warmed and lighted. 

A part of the primitive furniture of the Marine 
Hospital was ordered to the front, a foraging party 
organized to beg or borrow some additional articles 
of comfort, and a rendezvous appointed for drays and 
committee women. The simple outfit was soon col- 
lected, for its various parts were cordially given by 
the city merchants, with something also in the way of 
encouragement for the new scheme. In one instance 
a clerk, hearing the story of the hosj^ital, begged to 
add his gift to his employer's, because he had a dead 
soldier brother. 

At noon a small train, consisting of a dray load of 
beds, tables and chairs, under the orders of the ener- 
getic director of the Army Department of the Marine 
Hospital, and a carriage containing the committee, 
obscured behind a confused mass of sheets, blankets, 
pillows, bowls, pitchers, clothing, etc., left the Bank 
street headquarters, and by night the Depot Hospital 
was an established charity. 

Opening a door from the bus}^ depot the room 
was disclosed, fifteen feet square, with painted floor, 
perfectly clean, four white beds, a table with books 
and newspapers, and a very little other furniture 
disposed to advantage. The walls at this period, 
though clean, were bare, but soon one and another 
wounded hero, who found the hours pass slowly in 
this retreat, covered the white surface with startling- 
pictures, extracted from sensational prints, charcoal 
sketches or martial scenes, original in design and exe- 



ITS MENAGE. 281 

cution. Here ^v£iB Jeff. Davis, in the uncomfortable 
position in which all soldiers delighted to imagine 
him, and, perhaj^s in close conjunction, an inscription 
which asserted, with plentiful capitals, that " This is 
a bully place." 

It w^as noisy without, through the heavy roll of 
cars and the shrieks of many locomotives, l^ut within 
it was quiet, clean and inviting to the sick men to 
to whose use it was dedicated. 

The establishment was consigned to the charge of 
George Vosburgh, an excellent nurse, kind and 
efficient, who attended all the trains and brought to 
the hospital room those who were unable to proceed 
on their journey. A system of tickets, redeemable 
each month, procured meals at all hours from the 
dinino^ hall of Messrs. Wheelee and Russell, in the 
same building, and in this way many could be fed, 
even in the limited time allowed between the arrival 
and departure of trains. 

The advent of the new institution was welcomed 
by those engaged in any capacity at the depot. It 
now appeared that much suffering had been experi- 
enced by disabled soldiers, detained through the nou 
connection of trains, and dependent upon the charity 
of their fellow passengers or of the rail road employes, 
who were heavily taxed to meet the immediate wants 
of this numerous class. 

The irregular character of the furloughs of men 
brought from Tennessee on the hospital boats, made 
it often necessary to assist them by transportation. 
The Governor of Ohio employed Mr. Clark Warren 
as special agent to send forward the Ohio men. For 



282 



CAPACITIES AND EESOURCES. 



transportation of members of regiments from other 
States, the Aid Society relied upon the generosity of 
the various rail road companies, whose innumerable 
kindnesses can be only imperfectly recorded. Daily, 
almost hourly, requests for assistance were invariably 
and cordially granted, and so long as the society 
orc]:anization existed. 

Clothing and some simple luxuries were supplied 
the hospital from the Aid Rooms, and thus to a cer- 
amount of home-made dainties direct communication 
was secured with the lips of the patients, and duly 
credited on the out-standing account with the surgeons 
and nurses. Did any one insist that all the sheets 
and shirts, fruit and wines went astray, the Depot 
Hospital could be pointed to with pride as refuting 
the assertion in one instance. 

Occasionally a seriously ill patient was sent to the 
Marine Hospital, where fresher air and less noise 
awaited an invalid. When the U. S. General Hos- 
pital was established at Camp Cleveland, all cases of 
continued illness were transferred thither, except of 
men actually discharged from the service. 

Financially the Dej)ot Hospital received no special 
attention from the public. The expenses of its first 
month's existence were refunded by Governor Tod of 
Ohio, who visited the room, was pleased with its 
humble mission, and in this way contributed to its 
object. It was subsequently supported from the 
funds of the Aid Society, no particular collection 
being made for the purpose until the Soldiers' Home 
was built. 

The capacity of the room was extremely limited; it 



A DRAWBACK. 283 

aimed only to lodge for a night a sick soldier, and to 
f^ed those who were able to proceed homeward with- 
out further detention. Sometimes the name of an 
army nurse appears on its records, and often the wives 
or mothers of wounded men were glad to rest here 
an hour with their charges on their journey from 
camp or hospital. 

There was still a drawback to the success of the 
depot room — the absence of the home character which 
only can redeem such places from becoming mere 
feeding stations. The first duty was to see that every 
man had enough to eat, and, as far as the brief time 
allowed, had his deficiencies in clothing repaired, his 
papers straightened, and a pass procured. But noth- 
ing indicated that he was not simply the object of 
governmental solicitude, nor added to the relief of his 
temporal wants the assurance of warm sympathy 
prompting the aid, which holds hardly a secondary 
place in the design of the Sanitary Commission. 

The patients were, whenever it was possible, visited 
by members of the Society, always when one remained 
more than a few hours. Sometimes a patriotic sheet 
found its way back, emblazoned with banners and 
eagles, glowing in magenta or ^^ink, and bringing a 
few words from a former soldier guest ; or a reunited 
family send to the new found friends of son or brother 
a round robin like this : 

From the father : 

" ' A friend in need is a friend indeed.' John o-ot 
home safe, and hasn't taken cold, therefore I give you 
my sincere thanks for your kind attention." 

And the mother adds : 



284 RETURNING REGIMENTS. 

"From a friend. To let you kiiow that my sou 
readied liome safe, without receiving any iujury, but 
was some tired, but has got rested and is now quite 
comfortable, except he is weak and has a bad cough. 
* * He wants that I should give you his best respects 
— the old lady as took care of him — as he feels to 
thank you both for your kind care and attention to 
him, and says give his best respects to all inquiring 
friends, and his trouble is that he is not al^le to be 
with the regiment. * *." 

In August, 18(33, the regiments on duty on the 
lower Mississippi, whose term of service had expired, 
were relieved and ordered home for muster out. 

The route selected brought the troops of Eastern 
States through Cleveland, and Avhen this became 
known, with the fact that many sick accompanied 
each detachment, preparations were made to receive 
and entertain them at this point. 

The rail road companies contracted with the propri- 
etors of the Depot Dining Hall to provide the feasts 
Avith a solid foundation of bread, meat and coffee, 
\vhile to supplement this with a superstructure of 
more dainty food, became the privilege and duty of 
the citizens generally. 

The Soldiers' Aid Society Kooms were headcpiarters 
for the reception of such gifts, and soon overflowed 
with treasures of good things. Boxes, barrels, shelves, 
desks, were receptacles for pies " of all that grows," 
cakes in endless variety, custards, fruit, wines, every 
thing which could be baked, boiled or fried, in unlim- 
ited quantities. 

The stock of Sanitary handkerchiefs and fans, with 



STIRRING APPEALS. 285 

their mark, whicli lie who runs may read, lay ready 
for distribution ; the camphor and blackberry ^^me 
were decanted into small bottles, while a plentiful 
supply of light food for the sick, beef tea and stimu- 
lants was selected from the hospital stores. 

From the Aid Rooms these preparations were con- 
veyed to the depot, where the entertainment was 
spread on long tables, improvised for the occasion, 
and extending through the entire length of the build- 
ing. The depot proper being fully occupied by the 
dining arrangements, the small adjoining room was 
given up to the sick, and attended by only too many 
kind and sympathizing volunteer nurses. 

From the Aid Room emanated the first news of the 
arrival of troops, conveyed to the city at large by a 
huge black board, which said, in staring letters, from 
its position before the door: "The 47th Mass. will be 
here at nine o'clock to-night ! ! Citizens, bring your 
good things to the depot ! ! " or, perhaps, in a more 
persuasive tone : " Gentlemen going to market, will 
please remember the hungry soldiers, to-night ! " 
When there was sufficient time, the editors of the 
city papers would repeat these notices, enforced by a 
full allowance of capitals and leaded type. 

Of a busy week's experience the Secretary of the 
the Aid Society wrote : 

Clevelaxd Aid Rooms, 

August 15, 1863. 
Dr. J. S. Newberry, 

Sec'i/ Wcstcr)i Department U. 8. Sanitary Commission, Louismlle : 
At the close of a busy and wearisome day, I have time for only a word 
before the mail closes. We have had our hearts and our hands full in the 
last twenty-four hours, and many of our ladies have had their first sight of 
the dreadful effects of war. 



286 THE POET HUDSON KEGIMEISTTS. 

Yesterday afternoon, at 4 o'clock, tlie long expected regiment, (4tli Massa- 
chusetts,) arrived. There were nearly a hundred sick, and all in a very 
worn condition. The preparations so long made proved ample, and after 
two hours' merciful work among the hospital cars, and a full feast set out 
for the well, the ladies had the satisfaction of sending the brave boys on 
their Avay in a much better condition than that in which they came to us. 

Another regiment was telegraphed to be here in two hours from the 
departure of the first, and you may imagine the commotion into which the 
whole town was thrown ; messengers were sent everywhere to notify the 
housekeepers and to hasten their gifts, and such excitement and hurry of 
preparation at the depot ! Cleveland people, you know, are equal to any 
good work, and so, at 8 o'clock, when the 28th Maine came in, there was 
an abundant meal spread for them, and a fully organized committee of 
ladies to attend the sick. The hospital cars, five in number, were crowded 
with bad cases. All our ladies were down there and worked like heroines. 

At 10 o'clock at night we left the depot, only to go home to make fresh 
arrangements to meet a third regiment, at 5 o'clock this morning. 

This last regiment, the 47th Massachusetts, has occupied us all the morn- 
ing of this beautiful Sabbath, and our hearts have been sorely tried by the 
dreadful state in which the men were found. We had very good provision for 
their reception. Believing cleanliness to be next to godliness, we organized 
a "new department," and set long tables at the entrance of the depot and 
upon them put rows of tin wash basins, with a cake of soap and a towel at 
each, and had plenty of fresh water ready. Such a splashing and scrubbing 
and cheering never was ! I believe this was the most welcome part of the 
l)rogramme. From their bath the soldiers passed on to a really bountiful 
breakfast of soft bread and butter, cold meat, pickles, herring and salmon, 
plenty of onions and cucumbers, tomatoes and apples, coiFee and tea. So 
the well men wei'e abundantly fed. Meantime, the ladies carried hand 
basins and towels into the hospital cars. Each sick man was refreshed by 
having his face and hands bathed, and then the tea, coiFee, warm gruel, 
bread and jelly, dried beef, sponge cake, egg and wine and other stimulants, 
were dispensed with lavish hand. One badly wounded man and the 
surgeon, Dr. Blackmer, who was very ill indeed, were carried at once into 
our little hospital and carefully tended. The surgeon remained, and Mr. 
Wm. Bingham has taken him to his own house. Four sick men were sent 
to the Camp Cleveland Hospital, four of the Maine regiment also went there 
last night. 

A sad scene, indeed, was the death of one poor fellow, this morning, in 
our little hospital. He was sinking fast when the train came in. Every- 
thing was done for him that kindness or experience could suggest, but he 
was too far gone with the exhaustion following a lung fever, and died 
almost within sight of his home and family. 

Poor fellow ! how hard he tried to speak and to send some word home I 



NEW DUTIES. 287 

He was a splendid soldier, tliey said, aud when the men of his company 
filed sadly in to look at his dead face, — some even kissed his forehead 
ai}d dropped their tears upon it, — we knew that they felt it hard to leave 
their comrade, and harder yet to frame the sad story into words that his 
waiting friends at home might hear. We have taken every care of the 
body, and it is to be forwarded to-morrow by express. 

I think you would be quite satisfied with the part our Aid Society has 
taken in the care of these regiments, and surely it has been a blessed work. 
It would be well for the Union cause in Cleveland if we had such calls 
made upon our sympathies and our benevolence every week. You have no 
idea how nobly our ladies came out to this duty, nor how richly they were 
rewarded by the bright faces of those New England boys, as they left the 
depot cheered and refreshed by the care they had received. This last 
regiment was peculiarly needy. It had passed every important point in the 
night, till now, and this half day in Cleveland was a blessing to the poor 
fellows ! They numbered about seven hundred, with one hundred, at least, 
seriously sick, and nearly all, indeed, ailing somewhat, and just from the 
trenches at Port Hudson. 

No time for another word. 

August 21. 

I sent you on Sunday a hurried sketch of our new duties — feeding the 
passing regiments — and now can give you only an equally hasty view of 
what has been done this week, which to us has seemed long and eventful, 
and has turned quiet little Cleveland into a busy town, and made Bank 
street and the depot the scene of a great deal of benevolent and good 
natured confusion at all hours of day and night. 

Monday morning we were occupied in making arrangements for sending 
on the body of poor Thayee, of whose death I wrote you. At night it 
went, and with it we sent some comforting words to his wife and friends, 
which I hope softened somewhat their great sorrow. All day Tuesday we 
were torn with rumors about the next regiment. The cars broke down, 
and various detentions kept the train till 8 o'clock P. M. Then the 38th 
Connecticut, a small regiment — five hundred perhaps — arrived ; so worn 
and weary the men looked, and they straggled so painfully into the depot 
that it touched every heart, and you may believe our ladies were not slow 
in offering the comforts contained in their generous baskets. 

The colonel had gone home by sea, sick. The lieutenant colonel, two 
surgeons, and many of the line officers were dead, and the regiment was in 
charge of the major. The sick had been brought up in charge of the 2d 
assistant surgeon. Dr. Henry Rockwell, a mere boy in appearance, but a 
miracle of faithfulness, kindness and energy. Dr. Rockwell had tele- 
graphed his desire to leave five men in the hospital here, and we had an 
omnibus ready. The men were very unwilling to stop at first — even 
feigned sleep, and hid themselves under their blankets — but at the persua- 



288 CLEVELAND HOSPITALITY. 

Bions of some of our ladies, accompanied by a taste and a smell of the 
appetizing gruel, broth, blackberry cordial, etc., they began to put out their 
heads wistfully, and finally nineteen clamored to stay, and were left. The 
ladies promised to go and see them in hospital next day, and so they did. 
S. and N. drove over to inquire after them, and found them as comfortable 
and happy as sick men could possibly be. " Oh," said one of them, " when 
you told me of your excellent hospital, I expected to see a great comfortless 
brick barn or warehouse, fine outside with nothing cheerful within ; but 
when we drove up to this homelike little cottage, and saw how neat and 
pleasant everything is, we knew that we were among our friends, and after 
our bath, and the luxury of clean clothes and a good breakfast, we felt like 
new creatures, and can realize that we are no longer in Dixie." Indeed 
all the men who have been sent to Camp Cleveland hospital this week have 
given the same willing testimony to the kind care received there. 

At 10 o'clock (Tuesday night,) the regiment had gone on its way, and the 
sick had been sent over to the hospital. I must not forget to tell you that 
the commissary stores — three dray loads — were presented to our Society. 
We can turn some of them into our own stock very nicely, and for the rest 
we can get a good sum of money, as the Quartermaster here has promised 
to buy them of us. 

Next day we had a little breathing time, and then towards night were 
electrified by the news that two more large regiments were coming on from 
Indianapolis, while still two more were on the way from Cairo. All Thurs- 
day the preparations were making, and indeed I cannot tell you how gen- 
erously our citizens met this fresh call. It reminded one of those early 
days of the war, when each merchant seemed to vie with his neighbor in 
his lavish gifts of everything his store afforded. Indeed, it was almost 
impossible for us to hny anything here. It seemed a mere farce to ofltr 
payment, everything was so freely given to this good cause. We bought 
dishes enough to serve the whole regiment at once, and towards night you 
Avould have been amused to see our lawyers, merchants and railroad men 
spreading tables, slicing onions, bottling wine, or cutting sandwiches. We 
had ample washing arrangements, too; a long I'ow of basins twice down 
the depot. Such a splashing, when at 7 o'clock the 49tli Massachusetts, 
seven hundred and seventeen strong, came in I — tired, dusty, and so 
hungry, but there was enough for all, and the sick were attended in tlic 
cars, as before. 

The surgeon. Dr. Windsor, was exceedingly careful of his men, and 
knew at once who were to stay, and we had beds carried oiit of our little 
room to the side of the car. Seven men were thus brought into our depot 
hospital. The ladies supplied them with stimulants, and at 8 o'clock they 
were ready to go over to the hospital. One poor fellow fainted before the 
omnibus left. He was very, very sick. They brought him back apparently 



CARE OF THE SICK. 289 

dying, but tlianks to the motherly care that he received, animation was 
restored. Dr. Gushing was called and pronounced it a bad case, paralysis 
of' the throat, caused by great exhaustion. After he had revived and had 
been made comfortable for the night. Captain Enswortii oflTered to stay 
with him, which he did, and this morning we found him well enough 
to be carried to the hospital. We have seen him since, and he bore the 
drive well. 

The men of this regiment expressed the greatest delight at being among 
their friends again. The colonel and lieutenant colonel had been disabled, 
the major was in charge. It was a fine regiment. Just before the train 
moved off, we discovered in one car a black bundle — blankets, as we then 
thought — piled away in a dark corner, but the heap having, in an unguarded 
moment, betrayed animation, some adventurous woman investigated the 
mystery and brought to view the woolly heads and wild eyes of two contra- 
bands who had not dared to venture out for fear of being stolen back South. 
They were reassured, of course, and dragged out just in time to get a 
morsel of supper, for which they showed surprising appetite. It required 
a great deal of argument, however, to convince them that they were in a 
free country ! 

Our duties with this regiment were not over till near midnight. This 
morning, of course, we were somewhat footsore, and were conscious of 
having heads, from the fact that there was an ache somewhere above our 
shoulders. Eight o'clock came, and with it the startling telegram — " 48th 

4 

Massachusetts — seven hundred men — very hungry — had nothing at Indi- 
anapolis — can we get breakfast at Cleveland ? " Only two hours, and not 
only a feast to be provided, but the debris of last night's entertainment to 
be carried away ! Seven hundred plates to wash, etc., etc., — a small matter 
to some of our splendidly organized subsistence committees, but a bug-bear 
indeed to raw hands, as we were. 

It was done, however, and at 10 o'clock the hungry regiment had really 
a sumptuous repast spread, while the thirty sick men were attended by the 
ladies, who first gave a refreshing draught, then the luxury of a dip into 
the bright tin basin, with plenty of soap, and afterwards turned out of the 
exhaustless tin cauldrons hot broth, gruel, and all manner of sick diet. 
Two very sick men have been left. They were taken over to the hospital 
this afternoon. 

And now here we are, Friday night, with two big, famished, expectant 
regiments thundering towards us like relentless fate, — the 53d Massachu- 
setts saving its appetite, perforce, for breakfast here to-morrow morning, at 
9 o'clock ; the 23d Connecticut equally certain of a dinner or supper some 
time later. And they shall not be disappointed, brave fellows ! It does the 
hearts of all our people good to give, and to cook, and to carve for these 
returning men. We might almost wish, for the cause of our country, that 
we had had such work to do every week since Southern sympathizers 
began to show their heads among us ! 

20 



290 FRIENDLY MESSAGES. 

Now, do not think I mean to boast of what we have done, in the hurried 
sketch of our work which I have given you. Nothing of the kind is true. 
I only wish you to know that our citizens have their full share of the 
patriotism and humanity of which other cities nearer the seat of war have 
given such beautiful illustrations. 

Yours truly, M. C. B. 

To soldiers, living so long in an enemy's country 
and among unfriendly people, Cleveland, witli its 
welcome and enthusiasm, seemed a garden spot in the 
war's experience. The news of its hospitality went to 
many a New England home, and after the regiments 
were resolved into their citizen elements, directly and 
indirectly, many messages of grateful remembrance 
found their way to Ohio. One correspondent wrote 
for the " poor blind mother and afflicted wife " of the 
soldier who died in the Depot Hospital; others, in 
various styles of chirography and orthography, but in 
uniform good feeling, sent their own friendly messages. 
The report of some of the 28th Connecticut bore fruit 
in a gift to the Aid Society of ten dollars, from a gen- 
tleman who learned " the manner in which the troops 
from Eastern States were received." From another 
New England town returned the fame of the washing 
arranorements, and thanks of certain of these ex-soldiers 
for " kindness received when worn out and suffering." 
All this was certainly pleasant and encouraging. 

These regiments were followed by the 177th New 
York, also from Port Hudson, but more exhausted 
and with a larger train of sick than any preceding it 
It was met at Cleveland by a committee from Albany. 
N. Y., where the regiment was recruited, and its wel- 
come was perhaps more enthusiastic from this cause. 
In common with the sick of the New England 



PLEASANT DUTIES. 291 

troops, the worst cases were removed to the United 
States general hospital, at Camp Cleveland, after a 
few hours' rest in the room at the depot, where one 
soldier died soon after his arrival. A subsequent 
very pleasant duty of the Aid Society was to visit 
these patients at the hospital, and carry to them the 
good wishes sent by their colonel or more fortunate 
comrades, who had gone home. The messages were 
always joyfully received, and the condition of the 
invalids was in return reported to Albany. Some- 
times the friends of a convalescent soldier came to be 
directed to the hospital, and then required some 
assistance in removing their charge, who probably 
owed his life to the brief detention, and was always 
superlatively happy. In the absence of nearer friends, 
the care of the remains and effects of those who died 
devolved upon the Aid Society. Colonel Chambeklin, 
of the 17 7th New York Volunteers, contributed to its 
treasury fifty dollars, in recognition of these services. 
This New York regiment was the last that passed 
throui^h Cleveland in 1863. On the 8th of the fol- 
lowing September five hundred men, newly assigned 
to the Invalid Corps, were entertained at the depot. 
A day or two later came two hundred convalescents, 
the sick of Eastern regiments, who had been left at 
the hospitals on the route from Port Hudson. On 
the 2 2d of September a similar detachment was enter- 
tained, as reported in the following letter: 

ClevelaivD, September 24th, 1863. 
* * About one o'clock, on Saturday, a message was sent from tlie depot 
for Mrs. Rouse and myself, and, on going down, we found some one hun- 
dred and twenty men, from New Orleans and Baton Rouge, going home on 
furlough or discharge. A sadder sight you can hardly imagine. All 



292 LIFE AND DEATH. 

were crippled or otherwise maimed, or pale and tliiu from the effects of 
long fevers. They had dined luxuriously off oysters and coffee, for which 
— I came home convinced — they considered thanks due to the " fat man " 
who dispensed it. The depot room was occuined by a young boy — a 
member of the 48th Massachusetts — terribly weak after a brain fever. We 
dosed him with plenty of oyster broth, and ordered more of the same to be 
given him for his journey. It was really a pleasure to see a little color 
flush his cheeks as he felt the reviving influence of the warm food. His 
companion, also a member of the 4Sth Massachusetts, who were fed at 
Cleveland in August, and who, he said, would never forget it, was as 
careful of his charge as any Avoman, and I am sure they reached home 
safely. But a soldier who had left the hospital, ajiparently no nearer death 
than his comrade, was brought into the depot dead, on the seat where he 
was placed on entering the train. The body was remoA'ed, before we came 
down, to the \indertakers, and would then have been taken away and 
buried without ceremony of any kind, but, on learning this, we gave orders 
that everything proper should be done for him, and his funeral take place 
from the Soldiers' Aid Rooms. I found, among his papers, letters from his 
wife and daughters, full of anticipation of his return. From them I learnt 
their address, and wrote that night to the wife. 

I am quite convinced, from Saturday's experience, that we must have a 
Soldiers' Home. We can have a bazaar, or some other dreadful thing, to 
support it. 

The brother of the sick boy reported promptly his 
safe arrival with his charge; " a joyful thing," he adds, 
" to me and his poor mother." The soldier who died 
in the train was afterwards claimed by his friends, 
and his remains and small possessions sent, at their 
request, to Norwich, N. Y. Some services afterwards 
rendered, in furnishing the proof necessary to secure a 
pension to his widow, brought a contribution of five 
dollars to the treasury, from the lawyer conducting 
the claim, the amount of his fees in the case. 

The cheerless aspect of the depot, on the day which 
brought this detachment of sick, with a cold wind 
sweeping through its dreary length and chilling the 
feeble men who crawled up and down the platforms, 
or lay listlessly along the heaps of baggage, furnished 



LIMITED QUARTERS. 293 

the conclusive argument for a Soldiers' Home. The 
Depot Hospital only sufficed for the worst cases, and 
even then had many disadvantages. The noise and 
confusion without, sometimes unavoidably penetrated 
to the ears of the sick men, the quarters were too 
limited to give all the attention to be desired, and on 
Sunday, the depot being closed, it was necessary to 
remove the patients to other places. The whole sys- 
tem of relief was imperfect, in admitting of no uniform 
restraint or supervision. The less disabled were fur- 
nished only with meals, and not amenable to any 
discipline whatever, drifting away into the drinking 
places, which abound in that vicinity, and shifting for 
themselves, except in the matter of food; even that, 
taken in a peripatetic manner, was deprived of its 
civilizing influence. All these points were strength- 
ened by the rapidly increasing number of soldiers 
from the Southern Department, since the opening of 
the lower Mississippi brought troops by this route. 
Besides, should the war then close, the number of 
disabled men thrown upon the care of the Sanitary 
Commission could not fail to be very large. 

A Cleveland Soldiers' Home was at once deter- 
mined upon ; one that should be comfortable enough 
to give the sick the care and attendance found in the 
United States general hospitals, which are closed to 
men discharged from the service ; and should also be 
sufficiently attractive to compete successfully, in every 
simple way, w4th the surrounding hotels, or rather 
saloons. To these, the newly discharged soldiers with 
their pay in pocket, were an easy prey, and between 
their runners at the trains and the employe of the 



^94 SUCCESSFUL CANVASSING. 

Depot Hospital tliere was consequent and continual 
enmity. 

Two officers of tlie Aid Society, with Mrs. R. F. 
Paine, Mr. Peter Thatcher, Mr. James Tracy and 
Mr. John F. Warner, wlio kindly offered their ser- 
vices, constituted a committee to solicit contributions 
for this purpose, and entered upon the task immedi- 
ately. They were successful beyond their anticipa- 
tions in collecting two thousand dollars, including the 
value of some gifts made in material for the building. 
(See Appendix B.) The work of collection, although 
rendered comj)aratively easy by the general prompt 
generosity with which the request was met, was yet 
embarrassed by the fact that the special relief work 
of the Soldiers' Aid Society was little known, and, 
indeed, up to a recent period, had made no demands 
upon the interest of the public. The greater number 
of those who were solicited to aid the new project, 
gave readily, because they had faith in the earnest 
purpose of the society, which asserted that there was 
new suffering to relieve, and not because they knew 
this to be true. Consequently there were certain, 
even among the generous and patriotic, who pro- 
nounced the scheme unnecessary and a waste of 
means which might be applied to assist more pressing 
distress. The truth of this oj)inion could only be 
proved by actual test, and after a few months' experi- 
ence of the value of such an institution, the objections 
to its purpose were very generally withdrawn, as all 
doubts of its usefulness were set at rest. 

On the 12th of December the Depot Hospital was 
finally closed, despoiled of its furniture and returned 



l^ai} Invalid coRi»s. 295 

to tlie uses of a railroad waiting room. Its record, 
compared with its small capacity, is honorable. It 
gave out fourteen thousand meals and lodged nearly 
thirty-four hundred men, and to many of the number 
issued clothing and furnished transportation. 

Aside from this number, which chiefly consisted 
of the occupants of the depot room, or those relieved 
in its name, were numerous soldiers' wives and fam- 
ilies, who claimed and received assistance in various 
ways from the Aid Society Rooms, and whose names 
were often entered upon no record. They had letters 
to be read from absent husbands and brothers, and, 
in the office, some one could always be found to per- 
form this service. A poor old woman, one day, went 
to the house of her favorite scribe, in an agony of 
grief, and placed in her hands a letter, which some 
neighbor had read to her, containing the fearful 
tidings of her son's having been put into " the invalid 
corpse." " And will they let him be brought home ? " 
she sobbed. It was with difficulty made clear to her 
that her son had written the letter himself, and there- 
fore must be alive, and the Invalid Corps was defined 
as a blissful situation, where the convalescent soldier 
would have no more fighting. It seemed often hard 
that a stranger must be trusted to read all that came 
from a dear and absent son, or communicate to him 
the loving messages and home news ; yet she who thus 
stood between, yet connected the members of a scat' 
tered family, became in time almost the confidant of 
their mutual troubles and pleasures, and learned to feel 
most genuine interest in their welfare. 



296 SUNDRY PETITIONS. 

There were even more letters to write tlian to read, 
for a good, fair hand, wliicli could plainly write the 
direction — company, regiment, hospital and state, — 
was much sought after. The mother would often 
come to ask to have a letter \\Titten to the captain, 
for her son had not been heard from for long months. 
The answer to the inquiry was often news of death 
or imprisonment, but sometimes John or Jajhes, 
whose letters had been so anxiously waited for, 
was, by the officer's report, " well, and on duty with 
his regiment, and will be instructed to write to 
his mother." Varied and curious were the applica- 
tions made by women, as ignorant as affectionate, 
for information and assistance. Mrs. S. had a sailor 
son, and wished the Navy Department petitioned 
for his pay — name of ship, etc., unknown. Kosa 
S., a pretty, rosy young woman, came for news of a 
soldier husband, who is traced through various stages 
of disgrace until found in a deserter's j)rison. Day 
after day she comes, gradually losing her fresh color, 
looking paler and more anxious, as grief and hard 
work steal away her youth. 

Mrs. D. was a forlorn woman that picked up a 
precarious existence by the sale of matches, pigs' feet 
and other trifles. She had a son in camp and then 
in hospital, to whom she dictated many letters into 
which was always slipped a little hardly earned 
money or some postage stamps. She slept anywhere 
that offered lodging, lived on scanty food, and wore 
the cast off dresses of charitable people, but an affec- 
tionate heart beat under the rags. 

Mrs. H. — a pale, soft voiced little woman, — had 



HOPELESS QUESTS. 29 



H' 



lost all trace of her liusband, soon after liis enlistment, 
and came, with a full description of hair, eyes and 
fine bass voice, to ask assistance in discovering his 
fate. His name was not on the Adjutant General's 
rolls; he had dropped out of human knowledge as 
completely as if he had never existed. Once the wife 
had news that a soldier with a beautiful voice and 
musical talent was at a frontier fort, but a letter 
written to its commanding officer brought again disap- 
pointment after weeks of waiting. 

There was one slim little girl, who carried a baby 
and came any number of times to inquire after her 
husband, Joiiisr Smith, sick in hospital somewhere. 
John Smiths innumerable could be found — every 
regiment and hospital had its share — but this partic- 
ular John Smith never turned np. It was hard to 
give her the same answer again and again, as she 
came in, bright and expectant, with the baby in its 
white starched sunbonnet. She was so cheerful and 
industrious, and so fond of poor John Smith ; it seemed 
almost as if she hoj^ed to find him there every time 
she entered the little Aid Room office. 

Others there were, not only among residents of 
Cleveland, but, perhaps, to a greater extent, persons 
living in neighboring towns, who, although quite able 
to write their own letters, yet were ignorant of the 
proper steps to be taken in securing certain desired 
information. Inquiries at the Hospital Directory 
office ordinarily went through the channel of the Aid 
Society; also applications for news of a missing 
soldier at the Adjutant General's office, and search 
for tidings of those who had died in hospital. The 



208 Difficult co^lmissions* 

agents of the Sanitary Commission — not only at the 
Louisville office, but wherever one was stationed — 
could be relied upon to perform, at no small sacrifice 
of time and trouble, any service asked of them, tracing, 
by even the slenderest thread, the fate of men who 
had disappeared from the company rolls, or executing 
commissions entrusted them to deliver to patients of 
hospitals in their department. Unbounded influence 
with the military authorities was often ascribed to 
them and to their home representatives. " Please get 
my son a furlough,'" was the burden of many letters. 
" Have John discharged and sent home to get well," 
or, " can you not have my husl^and transferred to the 
hospital at Camp Cleveland?" and so through the 
scale of possible and impossible commissions. 

One letter sa^'s : " We received your letter. As a 
drowning man clings to a straw, so we cling to any 
hope relating to our dear boy. The advice and sym- 
pathy expressed in your letter we feel truly grateful 
for. Will you use your influence with the surgeon 
to procure a discharge if our boy still lives." Another : 
" My son is in hospital at Nashville ; his wound is 
doing well but he has been troubled for some days 
with fever. If it continues I fear he won t be here 
very long. I ask, how am I to get him home ? " 

The Hospital Visitors — another corps of the Sani- 
tary Commission agents — were commonly clergymen 
appointed to visit systematically, each in his own 
district, the military hospitals, and minister in many 
ways to the comibrt of the patients. Aside from the 
duties of chaplain, ex-officio, which most of them per- 
formed, they charged themselves with writing letters 



A HANDFUL OF LETTERS. 299 

for the soldiers, siq^plying tliem, under sanction of 
tlie surgeon, with many trifling luxuries from the 
Sanitary Commission storehouses, and keeping careful 
record of the last words and messages to be trans- 
mitted to the friends of the dying men. To the Hos- 
pital Visitors application was therefore often made 
by the Aid Society, in the interest of persons wishing 
to learn the condition of an invalid, or to claim the 
effects of one who had died in a certain hospital. 

These are a few of the letters received at the Aid 
Rooms : " I would wish you, as a friend of suffering 
parents, to look after the effects of my sou. The value 
of the effects is of no consequence, only as mementos 
of a dear boy that I had fond hopes of He left his 
studies at the age of eighteen and went to fight for 
his country, and has filled a soldier's grave amongst 
strangers. The things are nothing — nothing — save 
as mementos of a lost son."- 

"Being desirous to know the whereabouts of my 
son, I write to you. If you know you will confer a 
favor on his parents. From his father." 

"I write to you as my last hope of ever hearing 
anything about my dearly loved husband. I fear it 
is too late, but I hope some agent at that place may 
know something about him." 

" I had a son die in hospital in Chattanooga that I 
did not know was in the army, until I received a 
letter from the surgeon stating that he died there. 
Could you not assist me in ascertaining the facts con- 
cerning it ^ " 

"I received your letter, and will never cease to 
thank you for your kindness to me and mine. I have 



300 LETTERS CONTINUED. 

now a liope tliat my dear liusband was as comfortable 
as possible. Oh, God, it is hard to bear. He had a 
needle-book and an inkstand which I should like to 
have because they were his." 

" I have received a letter stating that my son died 
in the battle-iield hospital. I wish you would write 
to Georgia." 

" It caused me much joy to hear that my only son 
was improving. I desire you to keep me informed as 
to his health, and ask him if he is in need of money. 
If he becomes dangerously ill I want to come and see 
him." 

What disappointing answers sometimes came! "He 
died three weeks since." "His name is not on the 
hospital books." " No record at the Directory office." 
Not unfrequently it was a convalescent in the same 
ward where a soldier had died who wrote. 

"Alex, was a sober, industrious boy. He often 
talked to me of you and his sister. He told me how 
he loved you, and that he intended to send money to 
you. I went to see his grave; he is buried in the 
soldiers' burying ground. You must be comforted ; 
remember he died for our great and glorious country." 

The picture was not all dark — its bright side was 
often turned. " He is getting well, and walking about 
the camp, although he still looks feeble." " He has 
just started for home on furlough." " John is doing 
well." "Sullivan is discharged from the hospital 
and has joined his company." One affectionate son 
replied to anxious questions as to his long silence, 
that he had written home four times and irot no 
answer, and now he had quit it. 



UNION PRISONERS. 301 

The applications most difficult to answer — most 
hopeless to forward, were from the families of men 
prisoners in the hands of the rebels. At the close of 
the year 1863 these letters began to come, increasing 
in number and more hopeless in tone, as months passed 
and still the exchange of prisoners was delayed, and 
hope of release in time to save seemed almost at an 
end. Here is one : 

" Dear lady : Excuse the liberty I take to address 
you. I am a soldier's wife ; my husband a prisoner 
to the rebels. The only word which has reached me 
concerning him was through a soldier who escaped 
from Andersonville ; since then no tidings have reach- 
ed me. I am sorry to trouble you. Is there any 
possible way to find out if he is yet living? My 
anxiety is very great." 

And another. "He was captured on the 12th of 
May. I have two children, and anxiety is taking me 
to an early grave." 

There were many men whose names were entered 
upon no register, and whose fate was known only 
through some fellow prisoner who had made his 
escape or had been finally exchanged. To one woman, 
poor, and the mother of several children, it became 
necessary to say that her husband, stripped by the 
rebels of hat, shoes, socks, blanket, blouse and shirt, 
had frozen to death on the cars, while being trans- 
ferred from Andersonville to Columbia prisons, in 
mid winter. 

In the Sultana disaster perished a number of men 
from Northern Ohio regiments, just released from 
prison, feeble, sickly and hardly able yet to realize 
the new joy of being once more free. 



302 HOSPITAL INQUIRY, 

The subject of hospital inquiry can not be exhausted 
— can barely be entered upon within the present limits. 
Its natural centre was the Hospital Directory, of 
which a sketch has already been given on page 227 
of the preceding General History of the Cleveland 
Branch Sanitary Commission. The extracts above 
made were, however, from personal letters to those in 
the Aid Society office, who were known through their 
connection with this work. 

A full file of all these letters is preserved — several 
hundred in number. They contain a world of hopes, 
fears, griefs, joys, purest patriotic feeling, and reflect, 
as no other record can, the hearts of those whom the 
war bereaved. To the writers of these letters, the 
soldier's words, " he died for our great and glorious 
country," could never be a mere high sounding 
phrase ; it was a living fact, which softened the keen 
edge of sorrow and carried the domestic loss into the 
higher sphere of sacrifice and self devotion. They 
offered other sons to a cause which each by his own 
tribute had appropriated and made personal, and 
the interest which all had felt in the welfare of the 
soldier, when represented by one familiar name, 
became more wide in scope, more fervent in purpose. 

Those who eagerly aided the first feeble attempts 
to relieve the suffering consequent upon the war, 
were the last to withdraw their gifts ^vhen the neces- 
sity was past. 

Where some additional aid was required beyond 
that systematically issued by the visiting committees 
to the soldiers' families, it was obtainable from the 



SANITAEY ISSUES. 303 

Aid Society funds. If the winter was unusually 
severe, tlie stock of quilts and blankets was drawn 
upon to give to the most destitute, and when a soldier, 
discharged or on furlough, was sick in his own home, 
his food, wine and medicine generally came from the 
Aid Room stores. A note from the physician was 
usually required where medicines and stimulants were 
asked. The memoranda of such disbursements show 
a half barrel of ale sent to one man, who, shot in the 
lungs, barely lived through months of fearful suffer- 
ing. Corn starch, farina and " blackberry corgell," as 
one petition expresses it, were frequently issued. The 
latter beverage was generally believed to be infallible 
in any mortal disease, and, to quote from the same 
correspondent, " to Due a Graddell of Good." Prescrip- 
tions, cerate, liniments, cod liver oil, were given out 
in druggists' orders, and the amount paid for such 
issues is not small. 

After the important battles there were invariably 
many, anxious to go at once to the scene of action, 
who came to the Aid Rooms for help and direction. 
They argued that if a wounded man could be brought 
home, he would more surely recover, — they must see 
him at all events, and they thought, as one said, that 
" you can hardly imagine our anxiety and anguish." It 
was hard to deny these natural requests, and yet so 
great were the difficulties in the way of such journeys, 
so doubtful the possibility of reaching the desired 
point, it was always suggested that inquiry into the 
facts of the case should first be made by letter or dis- 
patch. The way sometimes seemed clear ; one member 
of the family would start for the front, provided with 



304 FRUITLESS JOURNEYS, 

transportation, and armed with letters of recommen- 
dation to the Sanitary Commission agents along the 
route. They also always carried with them a little 
package of eatables, contributed often by friends and 
neighbors as poor as themselves. This was not for 
their own refreshment by the way ; it was expected to 
revive the wounded soldier, even in extremis, espe- 
cially if a can of fruit was added from the Aid Room 
stores. The children of a poor woman, preparing for 
such a pious pilgrimage, were taken in charge by one 
and another of the same warm hearted friends. 

One wife, who had seemed a helpless, uncertain 
being, hearing that her husband had been left on the 
route from Harper's Ferry, sick and paralyzed, left her 
four children at home, and started in search of him, 
by the aid of such simple directions as could be 
impressed upon her. She came back without him, 
but, happily, he was afterwards traced to the Tripler 
Hospital, at Columbus, O., by letters sent from the 
Aid Rooms, after her return. 

Another woman, who went to Gettysburgh in 
search of a wounded husband, and who saw, in all the 
horror of a recent battle field, only the suffering of 
one soldier who lay in a small field hospital, brought 
back fearful tales of the neglect with which she was 
treated by the military authorities, from major generals 
down. But she also brought back, in his coffin, the 
soldier whom she had journeyed so far to see, and who 
died before she found him in the hospital tent. 

A man going to see his sick boy at one of the 
Winchester hospitals, could not read, and a system of 
signs had to be invented for his instruction. The 



A SAD HISTOEY. 305 

letter having one straight line in the corner was for 
the railroad conductor; that with two marks, for the 
Subsistence Committee, at Pittsburgh, and represented 
dinner; and so to his journey's end. 

These expeditions were almost always fruitless. It 
was sad to see them undertaken with so much eager- 
ness and at such sacrifice of slender means. It was 
commonly too late when they arrived ; the j^atient had 
not lived longer than the first report, or had been 
transferred to a more distant hospital. Yet the jour- 
ney in itself was a relief, and, if successful, was so 
happy in its results that it could hardly be discour- 
aged, if based upon any reasonable grounds. 

A hard woi'king seamstress, in a city in the State 
of New York, learning that her husband, dangerously 
wounded, was in hospital at Louisville, Ky., started 
with the hope of bringing him home. She had barely 
money enough to carry her through the earlier stages 
of her journey, but she pushed her way on, seeking 
out in each town the office of the Sanitary Commis- 
sion, and procuring there transportation to the next 
point and letters to aid her in any unforeseen emer- 
gency. Louisville was finally reached, the man found 
alive and doing well, and, assisted by the Commission, 
she remained there until the soldier was able to 
travel, a furlough procured and he allowed to go home 
under her charge. She was so happy when she 
reached Cleveland and waited a few hours at the 
Home to let the ladies see the tall ghastly soldier, 
whose wounded shoulder was still in slino;s and 
whom she regarded with such fond pride. They got 
home safely, the man recovered, joined his regiment 

20 



306 AID KOO^t GUESTS. 

flud served his time out; l>ut Uvo years later tlie 
■woman airj^in eame one niornino: to the Home. Her 
husband had been robbed of his pay and murdered, 
just after leaving his regiment headquarters on Look- 
out Mountain. The faithful creature made another 
iourney, hoping by her own elfort to discover at least 
his bodv in the wilderness of trees and thick under- 
o-rowth which clothe the steep descents of the moun- 
tain side. But the search was never successful. 

Before experience had proved, even to the appli- 
cant, the dilUculties in the way ot' forwarding private 
parcels, many articles, suiall and great, stockings and 
mittens of home manufacture, with dainties of the 
most perishable character smuggled in their folds, 
cakes and pies made after the old infallible recipes 
were brouo-ht to the Aid Kooms to ''follow the armv" 
in search of some individual soldier. Frequently, if 
the camp was not distant and communication open, 
anv small article of comfort was selected from the 
Aid Room stores and sent bv mail to a soldier, in the 
name of the parent who could not afford its purchase. 

The hospital and camp furnished a large proportion 
of the visitors to the Aid Eooms. Almost every 
morning the hospital ambulance drew up before the 
door and brought over for a day's holiday some of 
the men avIio were unable to walk so long a distance. 

The ambulance was always at the service of the 
ladies at the Aid Eooms to take them to Camp 
Cleveland. It also made a morning trip to the 
depot to ]nck up any stray soldiers assigned to the 
hospital, and its driver, Steward I... was radiant when 



SANITAUY TREASURES. 307 

something nice was sent to the sick men on the return 
journey. Most of the patients who visited the Aid 
Rooms came, however, on foot, some of them hobbling 
on crutches over the three long miles of hill and 
dusty road. Their holiday seemed always to include 
this visit, and, later in time, a dinner at the Soldiers' 
Home. A few trifling gifts were ready for them, a 
little stationery and a stamped enveloj)e, tobacco, — 
sometimes accompanied by a lecture against its use 
from the good lady who gave it out, — mittens for the 
guard at camp, and knitted woolen socks which all 
the soldiers coveted, handkerchiefs of brilliant color- 
ing and patriotic design, a flannel shirt occasionally, 
always combs, pencils and little things of that class. 
Books, papers and magazines were l)orrowed, circu- 
lated through the hospital and generally returned to 
the Aid Rooms. 

In several instances one of the society officers was 
entrusted with the last installment of pay of some 
soldier, who drew it out of his banker s hands in small 
sums. Trifling advances of money were at times made 
to men who were known to be honest and in need of 
a little help to send home, or for the purchase of some 
necessary article. In every case the sum thus loaned 
was promptly rejiaid before the soldier left the hos- 
pital. 

THE SOLDIERS' HOME. 

A BUILDING site for the Home was given by the 
Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad com- 
pany, comprising three hundred feet of the pier upon 
which the Union Depot stood, parallel with the 



308 THE soldiers' home. 

latter, and separated from it by only the width of the 
road. This situation was unsurpassed in its easy 
access from all the railroad trains and steamboats, 
and thus was avoided the necessity of conveying sick 
men up the hill into the city — in many cases a 
dansjerous and painful transportation. 

In the construction of the buikling the Aid Society 
availed itself of the proffered services of Mr. Randall 
Crawford, who not only superintended the original 
desi^^n, but kindlv undertook to carry out all the sub- 
sequent changes, improvements and additions which 
became necessary. 

The plan adopted somewhat resembled that of the 
Soldiers' Home at Louisville, Ky., — a battened build- 
ino", two huncLred feet lone:, whose interior arrano-e- 
ments, after numerous expansions, resulted as shown 
in the accompanying diagram. These meagre outlines 
are transformed in the memory of those who were 
frequent guests ^s'ithin its walls into a pictiu'e, bright 
and cheerful, of which, it must be confessed, the 
extreme length of the building and its pallor of com- 
plexion gave little promise. 

It is sketched as it appeared in its day of greatest 
usefulness and prosperity, when the funds of the 
Sokliers' Aid Society, expanded by the receipts of 
the Sanitary Fair, Avere employed to add some degree 
of luxury to its undeniable comfort. 

The two wards at the south end of the buikling 
contained twenty-five beds each, were clean, well 
yentilated, brilliant with fresh whitewash, blue bed 
spreads and a profusion of flags of vai'ious sizes, 
festooninsr the mirrors, wavina: from the £:as fixtures 
and crossed above windows and doors. 



DIAGRAM. 



309 



"<a *> > & f^ ?■ P 

W 2 ^ " 



P. 



PT ^ 



o S a" 

B a of 

*~t (Hi 

►^ 
p. 
m 



» 



^»| 
p. cc 

§ s 



re m 
B ST. 

2 B 



? B 



w 

o 
o 

B 






a 
o 



13 

tr' 
o 



tv V- "• S" 



W o* 
o ^ 
o *^ 



H b s 

^ 5' H. 
3* 



d 



o 
•1 

p 



o c» W 
(11 B 

w ■ 

o 
o 

B 



p- 

o 
o 

B 



:*>«■?? 



C H O W f* c 



n ci, 
o ' 

CD 
O 



P p o 

B S. B m 

P S S- 

So o 

-,2 p* 

o B 2 

" • P 



B 



o 

o 
p 

p 

B 
& 

o 
o 

P' 

S3 
o 
o 

B 



O 

tr' 
<1 
f 

O 

o 

f 
o 

W 

w 

o 

&^ 




W 





ar 



310 THE RECEPTION EOOM. 

The middle ward, called tlie reception room, wliere 
tlie men commonly sat, boasted a larger collection of 
pictures, patriotic emblems and other decorations. 
Here was the book-case with a good library of small 
compass, and a round table, well supplied with peri- 
odicals and, through the kindness of the editors, with 
the daily Morning Leader and Evening Herald. 
Writing materials were furnished to all, and, the 
superintendent being instructed to stamp the numer- 
ous rainbow hued letters, the post office box on the 
wall indicated a voluminous correspondence. There 
was a smaller table where often a one-armed or one- 
legged soldier might be seen seated apart, absorbed in 
the mysteries of arithmetic or a copy-book. Another 
grand attraction was the backgammon board, in use 
from morning to night, and always surrounded by an 
excited group of spectators watching the progress of 
the game, which, as the checkermen in time disap- 
peared from the scene, was carried on by means of 
buttons and other small articles. There was also a 
looking glass where summary before-dinner toilets 
were performed, with migratory combs, attached by 
long brass chains to the wall, and a much frequented 
water cooler in another corner. Flowering plants 
stood in the windows, and a scarlet cardinal bird in 
his cage sang with distracting disregard for hours. 
An adjoining room was furnished with compartments 
for baggage and checks. The bath-room, transferred 
from its first position near the sleeping wards to 
the extreme end of the building, contained conveni- 
ences for dressing wounds, towels, combs and brushes 
of uncertain tenure. Here, the men soon discovered. 



THE EARLY OUTFIT. 311 

a plunge bath could be easily improvised by re- 
moving a trap-door and diving into the depths of 
lake Erie below. There was a small ward for the 
very sick, which could be soon warmed and was less 
noisy than the larger rooms. Kitchens, dining rooms 
pantries and the apartments of the officers of the 
Home were well arranged and well fitted up, the use 
of each being designated by small signs on the doors. 
The Branch Aid Society of Newburgh provided each 
of the thirty-six windows Avith a green Venetian blind, 
which kept out the dust and glare of the depot 
thoroughfare and, drawn up on the lake side, admitted 
its invigorating breezes. 

The early outfit of the Home was, however, more 
simple, comprising only what was really necessary in 
the way of furniture, purchased to add to the treasures 
of the depot room, and a little that was contributed 
in response to a newspaj^er apj^eal. Dr. Newberry, 
the Western Secretary of the Sanitary Commission, 
presented the establishment with iron bedsteads and 
rope matting for the wards. The Gas Company fur- 
nished, gratuitously, all the gas consumed — a valuable 
contribution, as the building was lighted brilliantly 
throughout its entire length. The Water Company 
also granted the free use of its pipes in the adjoining 
depot, for although water was everywhere around the 
Home, none could venture to drink of the yellow 
flood eddying about the piers. 

~ When all was finished, liberal applications of white- 
wash, both within and without the building, were 
made, two long signs mounted, and a bright national 
flag run up over all, which in the first year of the 



312 THE FIRST PRIZE. 

war, wlieii temple and tent alike wore tlie colors 
of freedom and loyalty, had floated from the tower 
of Trinity Church, Cleveland, and was presented 
to the Home by its Rector, the Rev. T. A. Starkey. 
The nurse attending the Depot Hospital was en- 
o-ao-ed to continue his services in the new field; a 
superintendent and matron employed, and the house- 
hold corps increased by the addition of a female 
servant. Just at this time a soldier, whose brain and 
limbs nature and the rebels had combined to hope- 
lessly confuse, presented himself as a subject for 
assistance, and was appointed to the position of man- 
of-all-work. A gun he never again should wield, but 
a broom and mop he exercised to perfection, and 
served his country in this humble way perhaps as 
well as before, although with less glory, it is true. 

On the 12th of December, 1S63, the finishing 
touches were given to the Soldiers' Home, and on 
the afternoon of that rainy, chilly day two ofiicers of 
the Aid Society proceeded to inspect the building. 
The whole was in order. The accommodations seemed 
ample for any number of men, but not a soldier, sick 
or well, appeared to claim its hospitality. This was 
disappointing in the extreme, in view of the urgency 
of the case as represented to the j^ublic by the canvass- 
ing committee, who honestly expected crowds of eager 
applicants awaiting the last blow of the carpenter's 
hammer. With dampened ardor they returned to 
report the discouraging state of affairs, but, half way 
up the hill, fortune threw in their way a very muddy, 
forlorn, one legged soldier, limping along painfully on 



THE HOME PROSPECTUS. 313 

his crutclies, who was at once stopped, wheeled right 
about and conveyed to the Home in triumph. Here 
the employes were ordered to be very careful of him, 
to give him the best the house afforded, and, as he 
proved really a friendless, homeless cripple, he was 
invited, in the ardor of the moment, to remain an 
indefinite length of time — or even to j)ass the rest of 
his days sunning himself on the bench by the Home 
door. One soldier, at least, was sheltered by the two 
hundred feet of boards and shingle that night, and 
during the next week nearly three hundred men were 
fed and lodged under its roof 

On the entrance door to the Soldiers' Home was a 
sign which said : 

U. S. SANITAEY COMMISSION. 

SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY OF NORTHERN OHIO. 
SOLDIERS' HOME, 

CLEVELAND, O. 

SICK AND WOUNDED SOLDIERS, DISCHARGED SOLDIERS, AWAITING PENSIONS 

AND BACK PAT, OR FURLOUGHED SOLDIERS WITHOUT MONEY, WILL 

FIND LODGING, A RESTING PLACE AND FOOD, FREE OP 

CHARGE, AT THE SOLDIERS' HOME, 

West of Cleve. Col. & Cin. Passenger Depot, in the rear of the Merchants' 

Despatch OflBce. 

Smaller cards bearing this inscription were widely 
circulated, especially through other Homes, while 
large cards of the same kind were hung in all the 
passenger trains on the different railroads and posted 
in the hotels and post office. Each of the Branch 
'Societies received one, with the request to suspend it 
in a conspicuous place. A runner, with a badge of 
the Home, was still in attendance at every train, 
while depot officers and employes were always ready 



314 MEANS OF SUPPORT. 

to direct to the institution any who had failed to read 
its many signs or escaped the notice of its officials. 
At the more remote depot of the Atlantic and Great 
Western railroad, the Omnibus Line agent had orders 
to send to the Home, at the Aid Society expense, 
soldiers arriving there who were too feeble to walk so 
far. In fact nothing was necjlected which could draw 
within its influence the men for whom the comforts of 
the Home were meant. It was certainly cheering to a 
man, who looked forward only to arriving hungry 
and forlorn in a strange city, to read the invitation 
sent hours before to meet him. " Such proofs of kind 
remembrance stouten our hearts," one soldier said. 

The benefits of the Home were, at first, necessarily 
limited to the classes before mentioned — chiefly sick 
or disabled men, soldiers on furlough or discharge 
coming singly or in squads. Unlike other similar 
institutions, whose support has been very largely 
drawn from rations obtained from the government, 
the Soldiers' Home at Cleveland was entirely sustain- 
ed by voluntary contributions, either made directly 
for that purpose or donated for the general uses of 
the Aid Societv. For this reason, until after the 
Sanitary Fair, the Home was financially unable to 
receive retriments or laro-e bodies of soldiers under 
command of an officer entitled to obtain rations from 
the post commissary. 

Although the rule of the establishment admitted 
only those clearly shown by theii' papers to be entitled 
to a share in its comforts, yet the order, by common 
consent, was inoperative. A man claiming to have 
lost his furlou2:h or discharge was allowed the benefit 



FLEXIBLE RULES. 315 

of a doubt, and, especially if sick or liiiiigry, was 
temporarily entertained. Tlie error of possessing too 
little faith was a fault of great magnitude in tlie eyes 
of the founders of the Soldiers^ Home, and while the 
common sense and experience of the superintendent 
were somewhat relied upon to discriminate in doubt- 
ful cases, yet his orders allowed him to turn no one 
from the door until his claims had been investigated 
and his immediate wants relieved. There has never 
been cause to regret this mild government. Refugees 
and government employes occasionally claimed and 
received assistance ; the female refugees benefitting by 
the kind offices of a society established for that pur- 
pose, under the name of " Home for Strangers." The 
wives and mothers of sick soldiers always found place 
in the Home building. 

On entering the Home a soldier's baggage, gun and 
knapsack were properly checked, his name, company, 
regiment, condition and destination carefully regis- 
tered, and to this entry was afterwards added the 
number of meals, lodgings and other assistance 
received. All were allowed to remain as long as neces- 
sary, but, after one day's sojourn, a card signed by an 
officer of the Aid Society was required to endorse a 
longer stay. Cases of sickness were of course ex- 
empted from this rule. 

Good conduct was an indispensable requisite for 
readmission, and, although instances of intemperance 
and disorderly behavior at times occurred, the men 
were generally found civil and orderly, and uniform 
discipline was maintained. This was due to the 
really good character of the majority of our volunteer 



316 AIM OF THE INSTITUTION. 

soldiers, and in part, it is believed, to the spirit in 
wMch the establishment was conducted. 

The fund which sustained this and all Sanitary 
Commission institutions came from a thousand sources, 
often humble and sometimes unknown. It was the 
offering of patriotism and loving self denial, and the 
earnest of this should accompany as well as ]3rompt 
the gift. The Soldiers' Homes were designed not 
only to minister to the absolute necessities of those 
who became their guests, but, while not omitting these 
weightier matters, they aimed to express by the man- 
ner in which the gifts were offered, the interest felt in 
the soldiers as men who were intelligently and devo- 
tedly enlisted in the service, and not as mere candi- 
dates for unlimited food and flannel shirts. This was 
accomplished through personal refining influence and 
the use of simple means, pleasant things to look at, 
good order, kind treatment and the presence of many 
tokens of womanly taste. Every guest was aware 
that in the Soldiers' Home good conduct was expected, 
and as a rule respect for the regulations of the house- 
hold was cheerfully rendered. 

A sick or disabled man found at the Home what 
his condition required, his wounds were carefully 
dressed and his case attended to by a physician, his 
friends were informed of his illness, and where the 
disease appeared serious or of long duration, the wife 
or friends were summoned and allowed to remain 
until the patient could be removed. A room in the 
building was esjDecially appropriated to the use of 
such guests. 

For the first month the Depot Dining Hall furnished 



ITS ADMINISTEATION. 317 

meals to the Home inmates, as before. Tliis plan was 
soon relinquisliecl, and the food was prepared thence- 
forth within the Home, except when the detention of 
trains made a coffee room lunch all that was possible. 

As the wants of the institution became more gener- 
ally known, contributions of green vegetables, fruit 
and home made luxuries were received from the 
Branch Aid Societies, and these gifts continued so 
long as there were soldiers to be regaled. Occasion- 
ally articles of a perishable nature, unpacked eggs, 
stray potatoes and onions, fruit which threatened 
fermentation and compounds dangerous to transport 
were sent from the Aid Rooms, reorganized and set 
before the soldiers. 

As with the Depot Hospital, the control of the 
institution remained exclusively with the officers of 
the Soldiers' Aid Society, by whom all purchases 
were made, rules framed for the government of the 
household, and all questions arising in its adminis- 
tration decided. A room in the building was subse- 
quently used as an office, where this business could 
be transacted, and one of the ladies was in daily 
attendance. 

The experiment was made of employing as superin- 
tendent a soldier assigned from the U. S. General 
Hospital at Camp Cleveland for the purpose, but this 
proved inexpedient, and Sergeant Joseph Jeeo:me, a 
discharged and disabled soldier, was apj)ointed to 
the position. Until October, 1865, when compelled 
by his business engagements to resign his post, he 
continued to discharge its duties to the satisfaction 
of his employers, who found him efficient, reliable 



318 AN OLD FRIEND. 

and capable of exercising an excellent influence and 
control over liis most turbulent guests. Mrs. Louisa 
Ford, who was both capable and energetic, first filled 
the place of matron, and was succeeded in March, 
1865, by Mrs. Ross, by whom the increased duties of 
the office were faithfully discharged until the closing 
of the Home. 

Aside from the entertainment of transient guests, 
the duties of the first six months embraced the care 
of a number of patients, suffering from wounds or 
disease of long standing. Conspicuous among these, 
was a tall, gaunt Hungarian, a political exile from his 
own country and a member of the 1st Ohio Battery. 
Once he had inhabited a corner of the Army Depart- 
ment of the Marine Hospital through a serious illness, 
and since then had apparently made the tour of all 
the Homes and Lodges to which his military service 
could gain him admittance. He had occasionally 
reported to his former friends through the j)en of some 
lady whose protege he had in turn become, and one 
morning he presented himself at his old quarters, 
more ghastly than ever, and begged the privilege of 
dying in peace, under the protection of the Soldiers' 
Home. In that asylum, however, under the combined 
influence of good care and unlimited cod liver oil diet, 
he unexpectedly revived and became equal to the 
duty of engaging in hourly and fierce wordy battles 
with his fellow soldiers and especially w*ith the matron, 
who excited in him unqualified aversion. His mortal 
disease, consumption, rendered him so morbidly sen- 
sitive that he fancied every man's hand was against 



X 

c 




uiifliiiii iinr//7i / * in iJi. 



AN APPARITION. 319 

him, and consequently built fortifications around liis 
bed of chairs, tables and pillows, in anticipation of 
possible attacks from the worthy matron, whose mere 
entrance into the ward, where he lay entrenched, was 
sufficient to throw him into a fever of agitation. One 

o 

night he came trembling to the house of one of the 
Aid Society ladies and refused to return to the Home 
unless under her protection. 

But often a more kindly side of the strange nature 
appeared ; he would dive into the depths of his myste- 
rious and carefully guarded "baggages" and bring 
out a good red flannel shirt for another sick soldier, 
and the Sanitary Fair acknowledges the gift of a pair 
of dumb bells from the same source. In the Sanitary 
Fair buildings he was frequently found. His appear- 
ance was so startling, — the apj)arent embodiment of 
all that soldier ever suffered, — it naturally excited 
universal sympathy, and wherever he turned, oysters 
and coffee were lavishly bestowed. It was no doubt 
the restlessness of disease which made change of place 
necessary to his happiness, for a few months later he 
went to Cincinnati, finding there as usual other friends 
and new sympathy, and soon came the news from a 
kind hand of the death of this "good and patriotic 
man " in the Commercial Hospital. 

The first death within the Home walls was that of 
John H., a Michigan soldier, whom his wife, with her 
child in her arms, had brought from one of the crowded 
Washington hospitals. They had come against the 
advice of the surgeon and had painfully struggled 
from one friendly shelter to the next, until this — the 
last — was reached. It was apparent from the first 



320 THE FIEST DEATH. 

tliat the long journey liad been fruitless, and yet tlie 
comfort wliicli eacli day brought was in the thought 
that on the next they should be certainly able to 
start for home and the children. How intensely the 
sick man longed to be there, and yet was so courageous 
and patient ! His wife, well meaning, vociferous, and 
— with all her affection — aggravating to an unpar- 
alleled degree, failed to disturb his serenity ; the 
contretemps of a noisy and new fledged household 
had no irritating power; the most trivial kindness 
was magnified into a cause for gratitude. To the 
clergyman who often visited him and tried to draw 
his kindly simple heart from its little circle of human 
anxieties, he spoke, in the last night of mortal agony, 
of faith and resignation which had been born in these 
hours of fearful suffering. 

Through the assistance of the Aid Society the body 
was carried to his home in Michigan, and a clue to 
the further fortunes of the family for a time retained 
through the letters of a son, a bright young boy, 
enlisted at thirteen years of age in the band of an 
Illinois regiment. From these, much interesting infor- 
mation was obtained with regard to the said band, 
and all the plans for " mother and the children," lying 
beyond his happy discharge from the service. 

Chakles W. was another patient, under treatment 
for partial blindness, whom the course of events 
brought back again, two years later, with a broken 
leg and still more imperfect sight. In that period he 
had run the gauntlet of perils by poverty, disease and 
intemperance. Renovated physically and morally, it 
was hoped, he was again discharged, to reappear in 



VETERAN REGIMENTS. 321 

twelve moutlis witli still greater capacities for assist- 
ance. 

Still another inmate was one unfortunate enough to 
have suffered two amputations upon his right leg and 
requiring a third operation when his application for 
admission was made. Occupying for some six weeks 
the small sick ward, he was distinguished for the sang 
froid with which he took the whole matter — ludi- 
crously cheerful in the midst of his pain, reading, 
singing, laughing, especially vigorously shaking hands 
with every visitor, as if the mere certainty of food 
and shelter made all other inconvenience trifling. 

Except in the care of the sick, the Soldiers' Home 
had no part in the entertainment of the regiments 
returning on veteran furlough, in January and Feb- 
ruary of 1864. A citizens' committee was formed, 
and the soldiers feted in the dining hall of the Sani- 
tary Fair buildings, then just completed. 

A member of the 20th Ohio Battery died at the 
Home two days after his arrival. His wife, who had 
brought a little child from their country home to 
meet the husband in Cleveland, fortunately came 
before his death. A baby at the Home was an 
unusual guest, but it comforted the poor woman as 
she sat by the fire and dressed the laughing little 
thing, whose father lay dead in the next room. 
Aided by the kindness of the oflficers of the battery, 
she removed his remains to a grave with his own 
people. 

Into this quiet circle of recognized usefulness, a 
bomb shell was occasionally thrown, by some daring 
hand among the Home guests, which brought dismay 

21 



322 OCCASIONAL GKIEVANCES. 

and indignation to the minds of its managers, and 
doubtless liad a salutary effect in clearing the atmos- 
phere of temporary obstructions. On one such occa- 
sion the Aid Society was informed, in a well-written 
frank statement from a young cavalryman, that the 
disabled members of the Invalid Corps, on arriving at 
the Home, were compelled to bivouac on the floor, in 
full view of numerous comfortable unoccupied beds, — 
in deference to certain ideas of military discipline enter- 
tained by the superintendent. At another time, the 
solution of sundry unaccountable midnight raids upon 
the pantry — and consequent valiant skirmishing of the 
matron upon the foragers — was found in the discovery 
that no entertainment had been given to the hungry 
guests arriving by the evening trains ; all had been sent 
supperless to bed and had thus revenged their disap- 
pointed appetites. These grievances were promptly 
remedied and, indeed, were found few in number, 
although every complaint entered against the em- 
ployes of the establishment was promptly investi- 
gated. Some fancied wrongs arose from the necessity 
of limiting the stay of soldiers on furlough, or of 
denying admittance to members of regiments in Camp 
Cleveland. 

In February, 1864, the first sum of money contrib- 
uted hj the Branch Aid Societies to the support of 
the Home was received from Wadsworth, O., and 
this example was soon followed by other towns. 
These gifts, although valua])le as indicating sympathy 
with the Home and its work, were yet trifling when 
compared with the actual amount required to main- 
tain the establishment. The proceeds of the Sanitary 



WOUNDED m THE WILDERNESS. 323 

Fair were therefore drawn upon to meet the current 
expenses and to carry out an extension to the build- 
ing, with some other alterations and improvements. 

The early spring and summer of this year were 
marked by nothing more eventful than the ordinary 
routine of a Soldiers' Home presents, with its daily 
chauo-e of inmates : but the series of battles becrinnino; 
with the Wilderness brought an influx of wounded 
men to all the Homes on the route from Washino;ton. 
At first came those whose injuries were of such a 
nature that they could make the journey unattended, 
and a few weeks later, again and again, a bed or 
stretcher was carefully lifted from the railroad cars 
and carried to the Home, on which lay some fearfully 
wounded man whom a father or brother was taking 
to his home. They always thought fresh country air 
would effect what a crowded hospital had failed to 
do, and this was no doubt true if the journey could 
be lived througjh. 

It is of course imj^ossible to j^reserve a tithe of the 
incidents which marked this and later periods. Those 
familiar with this phase of the Sanitary Commission 
work, know the character of the daily history of a 
Soldiers' Home ; its numberless cases which, calling 
for personal care and active sympathy, are yet so soon 
supplanted by others, who in turn give place to new 
guests. 

One hot Sunday in July, the visitors at the Home 
found, among other patients, a young soldier, shot 
through the body, "who had lain on his face for seven 
weeks in hosj)ital, and was now being carefully carried 
home by his father, who — as was often seen — waited 



324 TWO PATIENTS. 

on liim with really womanly tenderness. Anj^tliing 
more exquisitely nncomtbrtal)le than the condition of 
the boy can hardly be imagined, and by his side, 
during all the burning afternoon, sat the father, fan- 
ning away the flies, chauging slightly his painful 
position, bringing him ice, lemonade, anything which 
could give him temporary ease, and saying occasionally 
a cheerful and encouraging word. Some blackberries 
and a clean coloo-ne-scented handkerchief, which were 
given him by one of the ladies, seemed especially to 
please him, and when at home and convalescent, he 
sent back the followino- letter: 

o 

JUIA' THE 10 
i neglect of Writing to you till now i hap Bin very poorly till a few- 
days i Be gin to get much Betor you hap probly for gotten me i Was 
at your Solgers hom on the 3 of j uly over Sunday, if you haf for gotten 
me i never will for get you the kindness you shown to me Was grat 
Eeleav to me i hav suftered dredfully from my Wound throo ner the spine 
of my Back i hop i soon will get well, i will close for this time hoping that 
i will see you again, i Will forever remain your poor little Woodid Solger 
Boy. JoHX. 

Another patient was a Wisconsin soldier, suffering 
from hospital gangrene, who, through two long weary 
months of couvalesceuce and relapse, was the care of 
the Home, although not under its roof His nerves, 
rendered sensitive through disease, were tortured 
by the noise of railroad trains and heavy wagons 
at the depot, and one morning his bed was put 
into an exj^ress cart, sheltered by umbrellas inclined 
to every angle, and transferred to a quiet house 
near the lake. Here a nurse was employed, and 
a physician regularly attended him. Here, with 
everything that could speed his recovery, amuse his 
loneliness, or tempt his appetite, he revived, lau- 



DOMESTIC NEWS. 325 

gulslied, grew better, worse, while the insidious 
disease, checked in one spot would immediately appear 
in another. All this time a vigorous correspondence 
was kept u]3 with the parents and wife of the patient. 
The old mother, in Wisconsin, was "worried to deth 
and in poor helth," and feared he would never get 
well. She dictated numerous letters through a daugh- 
ter, who exj^lained that " to please mother, who was 
afraid you wouldn't get them, we sent the letters 
different ways, once by express." For herself, the 
daughter thought she would never refuse to give 
something to the " Sanitary;" " if it don't do my friends 
good, it may some other person." 

The wife, who kept up as good courage as her 
"nervous temperament would permit," sent volumi- 
nous ej)istles of alarm, gratitude, anxiety; messages 
from little Cakrie, and accounts of the farm, which — 
like many another woman — she had managed in her 
husband's absence. She told him hoAv Stanley had 
grown, and that the neighbors had come in and 
stacked her grain, free of charge, with many other 
little domestic items, which were a comfort to the 
poor fellow, whose chances of getting home seemed 
very small. But at last he actually did recover, his 
wounds finally healed, and a brother, dispatched by 
the anxious family for the purpose, bore home his 
prize with great rejoicings. 

Many of the patients who occupied the Home 
during the months of July and August, 1864, were 
members of the National Guard, returning from the 
three months' service. The exposure and change in 
mode of life caused sickness among them to an unu- 



320 ENLAKGING THE HOME. 

siial degree, and in many instances produced fatal 
eftects. 

In Aiio'ust the Home buildino- was ao-ain altered 
and improved. It tlien appeared as in the plan, with- 
out the new dinino- room extension and south ward. 

September 8th the Secretary of the Society wrote: 

The Homo just now engrosses a good deal of our attention. You have 
no idea how that department has grown since the "one hundred days' 
men " began to come home. Last month we averaged one hundred lodg- 
ings per day and eight hundred meals per week. One day Mrs. House 
and I were sent for at 8 A. M., and went down to find eight hundred men, 
the most of tliem weak and ailing, scattered over the entire space between 
the Home and the depot, while all the beds in the Home were filled and 
the floors covered with very sick men, so that we could hardly find stepping 
room. To the half famished men outside I gave out crackers by the 
handful until a -whole barrel had been emptied, while German Mary filled 
each man's cup with hot coftee. The railroad train had broken down 
between Alliance and here, and the poor fellows had been left thirty-six 
hours in the woods without food. Never, except at the extreme front, have 
I seen such eager faces and starved looks. Inside the house we were 
busied all day long, till dark, carrying tea, toast, eggs, gruel, beef soup 
and milk punch to the sick men. One died just as he was brought in. It 
was our las^t summer's experience over again. These were the IGGth and 
160th regiments Ohio Xational Guards, one hundred days' men. The 
General Hospital and barracks here are full, and every day for two weeks 
we have had every bed filled and the fioor crowded. Dr. Xewojekry 
agreed with us that the Home should be enlarged. Mr. Crawford said the 
materials Avould be beyond the reach of our purse next spring, and that the 
building should be done now, so the carpenters are busily at it. The whole 
is shingled and floored, the kitchen pushed back and the dining room 
enlarged, and other improvements have been made that I think you will 
be pleased to see. I have just come from a sad scene there this morning. 
A member of the 166th died just before I went in, and another is fast going. 
His wife is with him. but her care is in vain ; twenty-four hours will end his 
days, poor fellow I A death occurred there on Sunday. You cannot imagine 
the sad cases that have come under my eye there these last two weeks. 



And again, on September 30th: 



The repairs and additions are now nearly finished, and the Home is full 
every day. Judging from the number of refugees and deserters we enter- 
tain there, Jeff. Davis will soon be the " last man " in his dominions. 



OHIO NATIONAL GUAKUS. 327 

Only think of it, five on Friday, tliirtocn on Saturday, six on Monday, and 
so they come, and we talve them in until they can get employment. A 
squad of them are working now on Mr. Case's building. The women, of 
whom we have not a few, are consigned to Mrs. Williamson's Society for 
the Friendless, for we cannot keep them at the Home. I went down, yester- 
day noon, just in time to see sixty hungry mortals, in various stages of 
convalescence, making their way from the train to tlie door of the Home. 
Jeuome had gone to Painesville and Mrs. Ford had been suddenly called 
into the country on some personal affairs. Dutch Mary and I threw our- 
selves into the gap, and set and cleared tables and washed dishes at railroad 
speed. Every man of that crowd has had at least one good dinner in his 
life ! 

Throngli these members of tlie National Guard the 
good report of the Home spread far and wide, and 
the })eople of Northern Ohio learned more of its 
objects and wants than all previous appeals througli 
the press had taught. The women whose husbands 
and brothers had actually received aid within its 
walls, embraced the cause with especial ardor, and 
thenceforth the Home received a generous share of 
their interest and personal sympathy. One wrote 
that her husband, a member of the 150th Ohio 
National Guards, was sick at the time of his return, 
and so was partaker of the bounty of the Soldiers' 
Home. He had often told her that it surpassed 
other Homes in the variety of the table, and that he 
was much more pleased with his stay there, so she 
wrote at his request to express his thanks. 

Another, a friend and contributor of long standing, 
says: " I have a dear brother, a member of the 150th 
Ohio, who is being kindly cared for in your Soldiers' 
Home tonight. Heaven bless you for it ! " 

Here, in the Home, many hardly earned contribu- 
tions were seen in actual use, and, although the fViith 
of the great body of contributors in the field opera- 



328 THE CHILDREN S GIFTS. 

tions of tlie Sanitixiy Commission was genuine and 
most generous, it cannot be denied tliat an additional 
stimulus was given to tlie general work, by tlie widen- 
ing of the Special Relief department. The little 
girls, ^vhose album quilts — the product of much sac- 
rifice of bright Saturday afternoons — covered in plain 
sight some wounded soldier, to whom its numerous 
inscriptions furnished ainusement for dull hours, were 
eager to make others for the same good j^urpose. 
The refreshing sight of blackberries and currants, 
picked by their own industrious fingers, going down 
some hungry soldier's throat before tlieir very eyes, 
could hardly help bringing more encouragement than 
a venture trusted to the j)erils of a Southern cam- 
paign. In city and country, innumerable small socie- 
ties and juvenile bazaars sprung into existence, 
having the Soldiers' Home at Cleveland as an object- 
ive point. 

Meanwhile at the Aid Eooms had o-one on the 
busy round of correspondence and inquiry, as new 
battles were fought and new names — so many and 
familiar — were dail}^ added to the records of dead, 
wounded and missing. Xear the door, now hung 
the lists of missing men, published by Miss Claea 
Barton and from time to time amended bv her, 
which Avere often and anxiously scanned. Posted 
beside them on the wall and more frequently in the 
reception room of the Soldiers' Home, was sometimes 
a little written notice of a soldier Avhose fate was still 
a mystery, with tlie request that if an}- man knew 
of him, he would report to the anxious family. 



HOME rilOM THE AVAK. 329 

Once tLis was done in liope of hearing of a youtliful 
soldier supposed to liave l)een killed in a brilliant 
cavalry cliarge, or to have fallen, wounded, into the 
hands of the enemy. 

Some of the long-sought-for had in time returned, 
had been released from prison, or had recovered from 
their wounds and come home on furlough, and, wliere 
the matter could be compassed by their affectionate 
relatives, had been led — sometimes "like sheep to the 
slaughter," — -to the Aid Rooms for insj^ection and 
admiration. One w^oman excused the ftxilure of her 
son to appear in person there, on the ground that he 
was "so wild like." Kiciiaed T., who was so long 
in prison, had made his escape and came in one day, 
radiant, escorted by his proud and happy wife. The 
brown-eyed little German woman had received her 
Fkanz safely back from the hospital, where he had 
lain sick, and under their small roof there was great 
rtjoicing. Other brothers and husbands had come 
home and reported themselves "all right," while a 
few of the lost and found returned only to end the 
story of sickness and suffering in death or permanent 
disability. 

The letters of this period show a new element in 
their manifold character, as did also the applications 
made in person at the Aid Society office. In the 
succession of eno:a2:ements on Sherman's march from 
Chattanooga to Atlanta, there had been great loss of 
life, and Ohio men had fallen with the rest. It there- 
fore became a part of the duty of the field agents of 
the Sanitary Commission, and of the inspectors sta- 
tioned at the various posts in the rear of the army, 



330 BKINGING HOME THE DEAD. 

to identify the graves of the killed and, where it was 
desired, to forward the bodies to their friends. The 
orders for removal ordinarily came through the Cleve- 
land Aid Societ}^, to whose care the remains were 
consimed, and with whom settlement for the incident 
expenses was made. Many a woman, who had become 
the sole support of her children, spent all that she 
possessed or could borrow, in bringing home the body 
of her husband, that it might lie in ground hallowed 
by church rites, or by the more common consecration 
of children and friends already resting there. There 
were not many who considered a National Cemetery 
the best and holiest place where a national soldier 
could be l)uried, and it was usuallv failure of means 
to remove him, not want of inclination, which left 
him lying there. 

One of the first of these commissions was for the 
son of an old man living near Cleveland, who came in 
the rough larm wagon to carry home this, the second, 
who had been killed in the service. Four other sons 
were still servins: in one of the srreat armies. 

There were also two brothers who, killed side by side 
at the same moment, were found buried together near 
Resaca. Of another who was brought from a Georgia 
battle field his father wrote : " We have received the 
body of our dear son. You have the thanks of an 
atflicted family for the interest you take in assisting 
the poor soldiers. God grant the day may soon come 
when there will be no more need of Soldiers' Aid 
Societies, and no more sacrifice of valuable life." 

The entrenchments near Dallas and Resaca, Flor- 
ence and Kenesaw Mountain yielded up the bodies of 



ARTIFICIAL LIMHS. 331 

many a "dear son," and many were removed from tlie 
fields and little gardens of the towns. A l^aiTier was, 
however, placed in the way of continuing these offices, 
by the order of General SiiEK:\tAN, which positively 
tbrbade the further removal of bodies until after 
November, 1804. This measure was purely a sani- 
tary one, and, after the limit designated by his order, 
so long a time had elapsed that little further was 
accomplished in the matter. 

A very frerpient com]:)laint made at this time, and 
often at later periods, ^N^as of the quality of the arti- 
ficial legs furnished by contractors to the nation's ci'ip- 
j)led soldiers. They were sometimes worthless after 
a year's use. It was almost imj^ossible for their wear- 
ers to purchase new limbs; the price far exceeded 
their scanty purses, and the inconvenience was very 
great, as a serious drawback to gaining a livelihood. 
Nor could these be supplied at the Sanitary Com- 
mission expense, although contributions for this pur- 
pose were sometimes made. Spring crutches were in 
great demand, and a purchase was made of one hun- 
dred pairs, manufactured by a discharged soldier who 
was himself crippled. These were afterwards var- 
nished and padded by a second one-legged soldier, a 
guest at the Soldiers' Home. 

After the battles in Virginia, in the spring of 1804, 
there were more persons to assist in going to see sick 
or wounded soldiers than at any earlier period. The 
hospitals were more accessible. It was not like seek- 
ing one left in the wake of the armies of the West, 
where transportation was perilous and the guerillas 



332 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 

SO troublesome. One man who liad two sons, one 
of wliom was killed and tlie oilier seriously wounded 
in tlie first battle of tlie Wilderness, tliougli extremely 
ignorant and inexperienced, made his way to a Wash- 
ington hospital by the help of letters and passes, 
found his living son and brought him home. Another 
father wrote from his home in Michigan, after return- 
ing from a visit to his son, as follows : " I found my 
son in the hospital. He was not able to be moved 
from the bed, and I was obliged to return without 
him. The Sanitary ladies kindly offered their sym- 
pathy; he had no appetite to eat anything from their 
fair hands. I intended to call on you on my return 
and thank you for your kindness, but was not well 
enough to do so." 

From soldiers themselves frequent letters came. 
Delegations and committees in the hospitals at the 
front would indite elaborate thanks on the part of 
all the boys, for donations, traced to their source by 
the indestructible mark of the Soldiers' Aid Society 
of Northern Ohio. These communications generally 
began with a picture of the inevitable man, in soldier 
or sailor dress, who, suspended in mid air, gaily nailed 
the natioucil flag to the north pole, and they ended 
with a score or two of signatures. There were still 
more individual letters, and here is a specimen of the 
class, although dating back as early as the battle of 
Pittsburg Landing : 

Dear Friend : I was sent liere from the Battle ground to assist in 
dressing tlie many wounds I was in charge of 15 Wounded Soldiers the 
Surgeon had neglected to get bandages and what to do I knew not but 
determined not to give it up without a trial I started out inquiring of 
every one I met if they knew any place where I could procure any Banda- 



ARMY LETTERS. 333 

ges no one knew finally I came across A yountr man Avitli a lot of 
Bandages under His arm looking as pleased as though he had found $5.00 
in gold I stopped and asked Him where did you get them. Oh said ho 
(his face glowing with pleasure) right down there to that little frame house 
(pointing across the street) there is A Woman that belongs to the Society 
she has every thing that our Boys wants I went and found to my surprise 
Old mother Beckerdike with Bandages, Pillows, towels, shirts Drawers, 
Socks and every thing to make the poor suffering Boys comfortable I 
took what I could carry of the Bandages and other necessaries and went to 
the Hospital looking as well pleased as the Soldier I had met that told me 
of the place all this seems kind of curious to me to get such luxuries 
without A Recuisition Countersigned by two or 3 Officers. But how to 
express my gratitude I know not we can say I thank you most sincerely 
there is A Reward layed up for the Society which will return to you in 
many days. Our Boys would have suffered severely had it not been for the 
Society I hope we will all meet in Heaven where War and Bloodshed are 
not You will be very kindly remembered by all of the Hospital. 
Yours respectfully 
give me Ohio Ladies thats my native State. 

Here is anotlier not so overilowliig witli honest 
warmth. Gloomy pictures the nameless writer draws. 

Humanity seems to demand that the attention of some charitable insti- 
tution should be called to our ccjndition here at Vicksburg. We have 
nothing left us but to apeal to charity. In our Regiment alone we have 
One hundred and thirty-seven sick. 113 of them are shaking with the 
ague and the Doctor informed me that 3G grains of Quinine would set them 
all upon their feet in forty eight hours but for the want of it they will have 
to shake until some and I am fearful many of them will shake themselves 
into eternity. I am satisfied what will do for the army at Washington will 
not do for the army here in this malarious country where we have to drink 
water out of mud puddles a great deal of the time. * * * 

The following letter is pathetic, but resigned, as if 
the writer were fully aware that the nation had the 
Avorst of the bargain by insisting upon his service. 
He was an old acquaintance. 

Well i am again in the field i was drafted the fifteenth of this month i 
cant see where they will put me i am not fit for service i can not work 
nor dare to expose myself i hope they will give me time to get well if i 
ever do my wife feels worse than she did the first time i went out she 



334 CONTRIBUTING SOCIETIES. 

lived by herself last summer and noboddy to talk to but the dog she thinks 
it a great pleasure to have me to talk to although i could not do any work 
and i dont think i ever will. 

Here is a letter from a soldier, who sends a modest 
and natural request. 

You will confer a great favor on the writer if you will please be so 
obliging and so kind as to send, occasionally, a line or two to a weary 
lonesome soldier, to cheer him on his lonely road. You may think it is a 
great presumption on my part to thus address you, being a perfect stranger, 
but, knowing you are engaged in such a good work for us soldiers, I 
thought you would also help to cheer us by a word, for a word from a lady 
oftentimes helps us on amazingly. I have no kind mother or sister in 
writing distance. I am sorry to tell you they are all south. Now, I know if 
you had an idea or even could imagine what a source of comfort it was for 
us to open a letter, why I know you will pen a few lines. If you desire it 
I shall answer your letter, and I think I can interest you by a description of 
the country and the people hereabouts. 

The contributions for the Soldiers' Home now 
formed a part of the shipments from towns near 
Cleveland. A few of the Aid Societies sent weekly a 
supply of good things for the Home table, and, for a 
time, all the potatoes and butter consumed in the 
household came from the same generous source. 
Occasionally, from over zealous packing, most tempt- 
ingly invoiced boxes and barrels arrived in a state of 
chaos — hot doughnuts consigned to a tomb of vege- 
tables and canned fruit distilling into the cheese and 
butter. Among these contributing societies were 
conspicuous all who had given most liberally towards 
the supply department of this work. A list of them 
will be found in Appendix B, of this volume. These 
were not all flourishing villages nor incipient towns 
of the more thickly settled portions of the territory 
which limited the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern 
Ohio. Many of the most valuable and useful gifts 



WINTER QUARTERS. 335 

were prepared in lonely farm houses, to reach which 
the few ladies who formed the society must journey 
through cold, snow, or almost impassable mud, over 
long miles of country roads. In many such meetings 
the wants of the Home were earnestly considered, 
and for its sick soldiers was manufactured and dis- 
patched the best which each good housewife could 
prepare. The tiny society at Chester Cross Roads 
sent over one hundred pounds of fresh spring butter, 
and so large a quantity of dried fruit that a lady 
at the Aid Rooms remarked to the grey haired man 
who brought these contributions to Cleveland : " Your 
village must be a fine place for fruit." "We have 
very little," he replied, " but we keep it all for the 
soldiers and eat none ourselves." 

The expenses of the Home were now very sensibly 
reduced by these gifts. In a report, published in 
January, 1865, the estimated cost of a meal or lodging 
since the opening of the institution had averaged only 
twelve cents. 

The winter of ISGi and '65 brought again a large 
number of discharged men to claim assistance. Sev- 
eral crippled soldiers were admitted to the Home 
while attending the schools or commercial college. 
Others remained for only a few days while seeking 
employment, and these, with a number of really help- 
less men, swelled the list of inmates to formidable pro- 
portions. The first approach of cold weather also 
brought from the South an unusual number of refu- 
gees and rebel deserters from the hardships of another 
winter campaign. To the latter, the ordinary hospi- 



336 EEFUGEES AKD DESERTEES. 

tality of a meal or lodging was granted. The refugees 
ahvays needed assistance in procuring employment, 
and proved tlie most difficult class of applicants to 
provide for. Tliose having trades readily found work, 
but others of a more numerous class, unfitted by 
habits or education for any known branch of industry, 
were most discouraging proteges. The Strangers' 
Home Society took charge of the female refugees 
and often assisted these destitute families to oro-anize 
a new humble home, by gifts of household furniture 
and food. Among these many phases of want, distress 
and helplessness, are conspicuous a few shining exam- 
ples of resolution and energy. 

A sno^^y day in December, 1864, found a group of 
six refugee brothers huddled around the stove at the 
Aid Kooms. Their homespun suits bore ample evi- 
dence to the swamps and forests through which they 
had escaped from Dixie, and a rebel picket had sent 
a bullet throuo;h the knee of one durino; the flio;ht. 
The only warm garment they possessed — an old shep- 
herd's plaid — was wrapped around the youngest 
brother, Tom^iy, fourteen years old. From " Jee3ies " 
to Bob there was little variation in dress or expression; 
all were hopeless and discouraged, with the exception 
of To:mmy. 

To the Home they were all dispatched, until 
emplo}Tnent could be found for them, and after vari- 
ous trials and failures to make clerks, laborers or 
salesmen of them, they adjourned in a body to chop 
wood upon the line of some railroad. From thence 
came frequent and alarming reports of Bob's having 
chopped away portions of his own feet or his neigh- 



TOMMY. 337 

bor's, or of John's axe having iinexpecteclly descended 
on his brother's head. 

Meanwhile, Tommy was adopted by the Soldiers' 
Home, clothed and sent to school. The expense of 
his supjoort was quite balanced by the many ways in 
which he made himself useful — always ready to sit 
by the bed of a sick soldier, to light fires, or run the 
numerous errands to which a boy's feet are considered 
equal, and never unwilling to "tote" anything for 
friend or foe. Grave and conscientious, his sober face 
was daily welcomed at the Aid Rooms, where he had 
ordinarily some weighty question to propound, as, 
" Miss , how long does it take to get an educa- 
tion ? " His monthly school reports were duly brought 
to be signed by his guardians and the credit marks 
properly admired, and to the discriminating taste of 
the Aid Society was confided the selection of poems 
and orations to be spoken on public occasions. To:mmy 
received many marks of favor from teacher and scholars 
at school, once in the form of a pair of skates, often 
by smaller gifts and gratuitous sleigh rides. But 
ToiAiMY was homesick. Nothing had been heard 
through the long winter from the father and mother 
in Virginia, and when the taking of Richmond opened 
a way of return to her refugee citizens, the six broth- 
ers were among the first to avail themselves of it. 

All refugees claimed to be Unionists, and so doubt- 
less the larger portion of them were. Some had 
suffered beyond belief at the hands of the rebels, had 
seen their fathers and husbands murdered, their homes 
destroyed and themselves cast out, but it may be 
doubted whether all who professed to be loyal could 

22 



338 ENTERTAINMENTS. 

support their claim. There were females, refugees from 
huno-er and privation in the South, as staunch rebels 
at heart as their husbands, who were probably then 
fighting under the rebel flag. When only a meal or 
lodc^ins: was asked, the sentiments of a hunsjry mother 
and her children were not very closely inquired into. 
There are some amusing incidents associated with this 
class. One woman, who had received permission to 
remain over night with her family at the Home, 
brought forth from her baggage a surprising quantity 
of handsome clothes, put them in tubs of water to 
soak, pulled out a pipe, seated herself over the fire, 
and refused to depart until some one had finished the 
washino- for her. The humiliatinoj confession must be 
made that, unless force had been employed, she Avould 
have remained in possession. 

On the 2d of December, 18G4, Mr. James E. Mur- 
doch gave a Patriotic Reading for tbe benefit of the 
Home; and in March of the following spring, a num- 
ber of ladies and gentlemen, who had long been 
friends and supporters of the Aid Society, gave a 
series of Tableaux and Dramatic Performances for the 
same object. (See Appendix E.) The latter enter- 
tainments yielded a profit of seven hundred and thirty 
dollars, and with this sum a new w\ard, thirty-six feet 
long, was added to the south end of the building. 
Work was at once commenced upon this, and in a few 
days it was completed and ready for occupancy, Avith 
a fall complement of flags, pictures and l)lue gingham 
spreads. 

The following sketch, published in March, 1865, 
o-ives an outline of the daily routine of the establish- 



ONE DAY AT THE HOME. 339 

ment at a time when large numbers of convalescent 
soldiers -svere in process of transfer to their respective 
States. 

ONE DAY AT THE SOLDIERS' HOME. 

" How few of our citizens have taken the pains to 
turn the corner of the Union Depot, to give a passing 
look at the flourishing Soldiers' Home, stretching its 
white length along the pier ! It has certainly done 
its best to attract the peoj^le's affectionate attention, 
not only covering itself with mighty signs, as with a 
garment, but crowned with the flag which converts all 
places under its shelter into soldiers' homes. As the 
representative of our city's hospitalities to the sick 
and wounded soldiers, or to any of our national army 
who need food and shelter, it has now so good a name 
that all who have contributed to its support may 
well be proud. 

" The last few days have brought an unusual num- 
ber to its door. Eastern hospitals are in process of 
depletion to make room for new arrivals from Sher- 
man's army, of those who have fallen by the way in 
the grand march. Convalescents they call these men, 
who hobble on crutches about the door and crowd 
every available space within the Home limits; yet 
each bears his marks of disease or wound, either in 
pale face and feeble gait, in useless arm or crippled 
limb. But all individual differences are merged in 
the one absorbing interest with which the still closed 
dining room door is watched. Behind that protecting 
l)arrier all is now bustle and active preparation, and 
under the influence of quick fingers the meal is in 



340 FEEDING THE CONVALESCENTS. 

readiness, soon enough for tlie patience even of the 
hungry crowd waiting beyond the door. Now the 
word is given, and in troops the first installment of 
men, very slowly and feebly — not as they marched 
away with Siierjian — for these must be carefully 
helped to their places at the bountiful table, with 
crutches stowed away in close proximity; this one 
must have some kind hand to sup];)ly the place of the 
arm now hanging useless at his side, and another's 
morbid appetite craves some variation from the ordi- 
nary fare. The guests' names must be recorded, as 
accurately as the warfare of knives and forks will 
permit, rough Government crutches exchanged for the 
comfortably-padded ones furnished by the Sanitary 
Commission, and many little deficiencies in clothing 
noted and remedied, while the men do justice to the 
fare before them. No wonder the faces brighten 
under the combined influence of kind words and good 
cheer. Did the maker of these marvelous cookies 
realize the exquisite relish with which the appetite of 
a convalescent regards them ? These vegetables and 
apple butter, with w^hich some country Aid Society 
has furnished the home larder, are delicious beyond 
belief to men so Ions; consio-ned to salt beef and hard 
tack; while the butter and soft bread receive such 
special attention, that reinforcements are speedily 
required. A low hum of applause and approving 
comment runs round the tables ; one and another says, 
audibly enough to rejoice the attendant ladies : ' Well, 
this looks like home ! ' or, ' I liavn't seen anything 
like this since I left home ! ' Many pay only the 
compliment of full justice to the meal, while here and 



VARIED WANTS. lUl 

there one summons up courage to make a neat little 
speecli of thanks as he rises from the tal)le. But 
whether silent or complimentary, the feeling of all, 
we believe, is expressed in the words of the tall pale 
sergeant, who, rising with difficulty on his crutches, 
says : ' Ladies, kind friends ! it is worth the little we 
have suffered for our country, to meet such a warm 
reception at home.' 

" Now the room is finally emptied of its first guests, 
and the tables hastily prepared for the second detach- 
ment, and then for a third and fourth. All honor to 
the worthy Matron that her store room stands bravely 
such repeated attacks, and her coffee boiler stoutly 
replies to all drafts made upon it. What a relief, 
that the last poor fellow who lingered near the table 
has fared as well as the first who rushed eagerly in 
to the assault! The same j)rogramnie is repeated 
on each occasion, with variations in individual cases. 
One forever-helpless man is carried in the arms of a 
brother soldier, that he, too, may have the pleasure 
of sitting at table with the rest, and he pulls out 
the fatal bullet which ^ruined' him, as he says, to 
exhibit. Meanwhile there are many in the sleeping 
ward, too feeble to care to leave its comfort, whose 
taste must l^e consulted, and to whom food must be 
carried. Here one man's wound needs dressing, an- 
other asks for a fresh bandage; a slipper is wanted 
for a swollen foot, and a sickly soldier must have 
some strengthening remedy from the medicine-chest. 
At last all are fed, all rested, and all wants attended 
to ; the whistle of the train is heard and the soldiers 
depart, with strength enough gained to carry them on 



342 APPEALS FOR AID. 

ttieir journey, leaving beMnd tliem plenty of good 
wishes for tlie Home. But tlieir departure brings 
little rest to tlie Home corps. The debris must be 
removed, and fresh preparations made for the arrival 
of the later trains, which may bring as many more 
guests to be entertained again and lodged over night." 

The Home, even at this time, was comparatively 
unknown to the people of Cleveland, its local position 
cutting it off from friendly visits. The Aid Society 
found, however, a decided stimulus given by it to the 
general work, and were anxious to extend its influ- 
ence through the entire system of tributary organ- 
izations. The soldiers who came to the Home had 
been, many of them, previously aided on battle fields, 
in hospitals, in the Homes of the Commission, and 
the central office possessed the advantage of having 
constantly before it some evidence of the results of its 
work. With the view of sharing this interest, no less 
than in the hope of increasing the material receipts, 
the wants of the Home were persistently brought 
before the public. As long as practicable, a list of 
the soldiers entertained was published weekly. Con- 
tributions were always publicly acknowledged, and in 
time the reporters of the daily newspapers chronicled 
the incidents of the household in a manner thorough 
enough to satisfy its most zealous advocates. 

Early in the spring of this year the long-hoped-for, 
long-delayed exchange of prisoners was made. If the 
time had seemed long to those who waited and almost 
despaired at home, it had been an eternity to the 



prisoners' letters. 343 

prisoners themselves. " What did the men think of 
the delay?" was asked of one who had been for many 
months confined in Andersonville. " We thought the 
Government did not know how we were suffering, 
and, at last, we believed that we were deserted by 
every body — even by our friends. Then some of the 
men said there was no God. The married men all died 
first ; they would think of home until they got des- 
perate. Some of the time we had nothing to cover us 
but some sticks stuck in the ground, over which we 
stretched strips torn from our clothes. We never 
believed the Government would lose by exchanging 
us, for we knew how we should fight if we once got 
out of that place." 

From time to time, especially as the last winter of 
imprisonment approached, letters had come to the 
Aid Society from Ohio men, confined in the prisons at 
Florence, Ala., and Columbia, S. C. They contained 
no demands for luxuries ; they asked for the coarsest 
soldier's fare, hard tack and army beef, to keep ofl' 
starvation. To this some of the men added requests 
for clothing, shoes and shirts. The inmates of Sauls- 
bury prison suffered more intensely from cold than 
from the actual want of food, for with forests in abun- 
dance near them, they were forbidden to cut down 
even enough wood to build huts or barracks, and 
often had only holes dug in the earth to shelter them 
in the bitter winter weather. 

On the coarsest scraps of old brown paper some 
of these letters are written, and have usually more 
than one signature, with the prison numbers of the 
writers. 



344 HUNGER AND COLD. 

" You are requested to lend your aid in tlie relief of 
two members of tlie 23d Ohio. Botli of us are bare 
footed and nearly naked, without blankets or shelter 
of any kind. It will be necessary to be expeditious, 
for the cold winter is fast approaching, and, if some- 
thing is not done soon for us, we shall hardly stand 
the storms. Some dried fruit would be very thank- 
fully received, and perhaps be a good remedy for the 
scurvy, as we are both ailing with that disease." 

Here follows a list of eatables, flour, bacon and 
the size of the shoes so much needed. 

One of the men who signed the next letter was a 
noble fellow, captured by the rebels while taking care 
of a wounded comrade on the field after a battle. He 
says: "Excuse the intrusion of strangers. We are 
six in number — three of us thirteen months in prison. 
We all need shoes, socks, shirts and drawers, and we 
crave something substantial to eat, as army bread, etc." 

Others wrote because they knew "no one else to 
apply to," and were " somewhat acquainted with you 
as an agent of the Sanitary Commission," and add : 
" Please don't think us too forward." 

A fifth letter runs thus : "We have no near friends 
to write to for aid. We assume the privilege of wri- 
ting your honorable body, asking you to send us a box 
of provisions, to helj:) us through the winter. Also, 
we would ask you to send us some clothing. We are 
very destitute and have scarcely enough to cover our 
nakedness. The cold weather is here, and we sup- 
pose it will be still colder and our suiferings will be 
very great, without we can receive something to kee]? 
us warm. We hope this may meet your approbation, 



EXCHANGE OF PRISONERS. 345 

and, our prayers accompanying it, we have tlie assur- 
ance to think it will." 

The desired clothing and food had been sent, with 
little hope that they would reach their destination, 
but because it was imj)ossible to do otherwise while 
there was the remote chance of the supplies relieving 
any suffering Union prisoners. Of their fate this only 
was known: a small part of the stores sent by the 
Sanitary Commission did actually reach some of the 
men, but the vast freight of food and blankets, de- 
signed to comfort and succor the starving and freezing 
prisoners, was wrecked on the prison bar and glad- 
dened the hearts of rebel officials. 

But finally the exchange was made. One and 
another of the Cleveland men came home, and told of 
the fate of others who had starved to death, or died 
of actual despair. One said: "When we came near 
the camp of our troops at Wilmington, on our way 
home, first we heard in the distance a military band, 
then we saw, away off, a United States flag, and then 
all the boys broke down ; they shouted and wept, and 
some knelt down to it, and just then the boys from 
the camp came out to meet us and brought us every- 
thing they could find for us to eat, and the band came 
out too and played for us." 

From Annapolis, where all the exchanged prisoners 
were landed, after the necessary detention to receive 
refreshment and allowance of pay, the less feeble 
among them obtained a month's furlough and at once 
went to their homes. Every day and train now 
brought to the Cleveland Soldiers' Home large num- 
bers of these men. It seemed as if enoucjh could not 



346 REBEL MERCY. 

he done for tLeni there. A standing order at this 
time was, that all the feeble men among the returned 
prisoners should be given milk punch or blackberry 
cordial as soon as they arrived, and the same con- 
tinued at intervals during their stay, with everything 
to eat which they could suggest. With all this care, 
some of them died and others lingered there through 
long and severe illness. But there were many more 
who gained wonderfully in this short rest, and proba- 
bly came safely to the end of their journey. 

When Richmond was taken and the whole North 
rejoicing, it was pitiful to go into the Home wards 
and see sitting there, listlessly and despondingly, men 
who, suffering for the common cause, were yet shut 
out from sharing the general joy. 

On the very day which brought the glorious news 
of Lee's surrender, a man came to the Home with his 
son, whom he had found in the hospital for exchanged 
prisoners at Annapolis. He was still a boy, but 
paralyzed, partially deaf and with mind hopelessly 
clouded. All during their stay he sat perfectly silent, 
apparently unable to hear the noisy rejoicings, or even 
to comprehend their meaning. He only spoke once ; 
a gentleman who was present asked the father what 
had caused the son's terrible condition, and catching 
the meaning from his pitying expression, the lad said, 
slowly and with difficulty, "starvation," and then 
relapsed into the same dull state as before. 

The first of those who died among the prisoners was 
a young Michigan soldier, who was brought, dying, 
from the train, but yet begged to be allowed to go on 
directly to his own home. He was told that his 



STARVED TO DEATH. 347 

mother would be at once sent for, and a telegram 
went immediately to the little village where she lived, 
but there was some unforeseen detention of the trains, 
or carelessness of messengers, and she did not arrive 
until her son had been twenty-four hours dead. Up 
to the last moment of consciousness he had talked of 
her. That one fond hope of seeing her had almost 
power to keep the parting spirit in its mortal frame. 
He was so afraid she could not come, or perhaps was 
sick, or dead, for her last letter, received in prison, 
was dated eight months before. But the mother 
came on the next day — a pale, sad woman, dressed 
in deepest mourning for another son, killed in the 
war, who had been brought home to her, dead, a few 
months earlier. "Edwin," she said, "when he went 
away was such a rosy, broad shouldered fellow," and 
then she went in and looked at him in his coffin. But 
the ileshless, withered skeleton that lay there seemed 
never to have been any one's handsome boy. She 
took him back to the Michigan village, and not long 
afterwards she wrote from there, in these simple and 
touching words : 

" Agreeable to my promise, I will write you a few 
lines to-night, that you may know I am at home in 
safety, having arrived last Wednesday afternoon. 
The burial took |)lace at two in the afternoon. Sab- 
bath, when the wasted body of that dear one was laid 
in the grave by the side of his sainted father and 
brother, there to await the resurrection morn. I have 
a hope in contemplating his death without which I 
might be driven to distraction — the hope that my 
Edwin has gone to everlasting happiness, and that I 



348 A mother's letter. 

may one day meet him witli his brother who has only 
gone before. I believe they are both better off than 
with me, yet I so feel the need of them while here, 
their love and sympathy seemed so indispensable to 
my comfort and enjoyment, that I cannot easily recon- 
cile myself to their loss. I assure you it is with much 
sadness that I went home, feeling that my boy would 
never see me there, yet I felt grateful that I had the 
privilege of burying his body with his kinsmen, 
instead of having it left in the enemy's land, and I 
felt thankful too that he was kindly cared for in his 
last moments, that he could feel that though among 
strangers, he was with friends that he could put con- 
fidence in ; and you will I ever remember with love 
and gratitude as a friend to my poor, injured, dying 
boy, also others at the Home. The kindness of Cap- 
tain Jerojie will ever be remembered, likewise of the 
Matron and all ; their names I do not remember. I 
have not been well since I left Cleveland, but I am 
not sick, but keep about and try to work, which goes 
hard with me. I wish I could call at the Home once 
in a Avhile to see the sick soldiers and help to take 
care of them. I think I should like that better than 
my own work, for which I have lost ambition. I 
would like to hear from you all again." 

To this soon succeeded the death of another pris- 
oner, who, it was at first ho2:)ed, would recover by 
prompt treatment and good care. For a few days the 
small ward rang with his delirious shouts, then fol- 
lowed a stupor, broken by only occasional moments 
of consciousness, and on Sunday morning, a week after 
his arrival, the heavy breathing which had been pain- 



VETERAN RESERVES. 349 

fully audible tlirougliout tlie house, suddenly ceased, 
and all was over. His wife had been promptly 
informed of his illness, but no answer was received to 
the message, nor to the subsequent letters which 
announced his death. He was therefore buried from 
the Soldiers' Aid Society Eooms, where a funeral 
service was held, and was carried to the grave by a 
squad of soldiers from the Home. His small worldly 
effects — a little sum of money, the fresh military 
clothing, the new leather pocket book, with one entry 
and date, and the numerous trifles which had charmed 
the eyes of one just free from Salisbury prison — 
^vere all carefully put aside until their proper guardi- 
ans could be discovered. The members of the Albany 
Sanitary Commission endeavored to trace the friends 
of the soldier, through the faint clue afforded by a 
name which, as afterwards appeared, was one assumed 
at his enlistment. After six weeks' inquiry the quest 
was finally successful, and the remains of the soldier 
and his small possessions were sent to his father. 

In April of this year, an extension to the dining 
room was built, running at right angles with the older 
part. Soon afterwards, a company of the Veteran 
Reserve Corps, assigned for duty at the depot and 
quartered in the adjoining l)arracks, made aj^plication 
through their officer for permission to turn the rations 
into the Home stores, detail a portion of their number 
for service in the establishment, and in return receive 
their meals at the Home table. This was finally 
agreed to, and proved not an unfavorable arrange- 
ment, in view of the subsequent service rendered by 



350 AVELCOME TO OHIO SOLDIERS. 

tlie men. From tlie Sanitary Commission Soup House 
two great condensers Avere obtained to cook meat and 
vegetables in large quantities, and tliese, set up in tlie 
large kitchen, were presided over by two red faced 
Veteran Reserve cooks, who reigned supreme in that 
domain. Other Veteran Reserves, fi'om the iriant 
who stepped into its ranks by the loss of a linger, 
throuo-h the various o-rades of disabilitv to the actual 
cripple, were to be met with at every angle of the 
Home building, scrubbing tloors, mopping, setting 
tables and washing dishes. 

When it became known that a Camp of Discharge 
would be orjiranized at Cleveland, a meetino; of the 
City Council was held and an appropriation made to 
properly entertain the returning Ohio regiments. A 
committee was appointed to take the matter in charge, 
who at lii'st proposed to arrange with the Soldiers' 
Home to feed these troops, but some doubt being 
expressed as to the capacity of the institution, the 
contract was o-iven to Messrs. Wheeler and Russell, 
the proprietors of the Depot Dining Hall. A long line 
of fly tents was pitched under the trees of the Park, 
and here all the Ohio soldiers assigned to Camp 
Cleveland were feasted. i^See Appendix E.^ The 
Soldiers" Aid Society, confident of the expansive prop- 
erties of their Home, would have irladlv undertaken 
the office of entertainiuo: the Ohio men. and now 
claimed for their share re^riments from other States 
passiuir throu^rh Cleveland, and the sick of all oriraiii- 
zations. 

The first arrival of these guests was the 20th Mich- 
igan Infantry, Avho sent forward a dispatch on the od 



AN EARLY BREAKFAST. 351 

of June, announcing its coming, three hundred and 
forty strong, in three hours' time. A return telegram 
invited it to dinner at the Home, and a carria^re 
sent through the market to collect green vegetaT)les5 
soon returned a moving mass of cucumbers, lettuce, 
onions and radishes, surmounted by a great tin can of 
milk. Scouts were sent out for bread and cakes, the 
condensers, filled with beef and potatoes, were soon in 
action, and the dinner prepared as promised in the 
invitation hazarded three hours before. 

This accomplished successfully, the prospect of a 
breakfast at five o'clock, A. M., of the next day, to the 
soldiers of a Michigan Battery was really inspiriting. 
The train brought them in on time, just after the sun- 
rise of a lovely summer Sunday morning. The break- 
fast over, a last glimpse was taken of the men, crowd- 
ing the decks of the steamer, shouting and tossing up 
their caps by way of farewell. A score of handker- 
chiefs, aprons and towels were waved in return from 
the lakeward windows of the Home, and with flags 
flying, band playing, the great steamer moved out 
with her happy freight, over the blue and sunny 
Avater. Just then some one announced, " Here comes 
the 98th Ohio ! " and into the dej)ot rushed the train, 
swarming with soldiers, enthusiastic and very hungry. 
This was the first arrival of the regiments for Camp 
Cleveland, but having been erroneously reported as 
assigned to Camp Chase, it found the citizens' com- 
mittee unprepared to receive it. Here was a fearful 
crisis. Something must be done — but the Sunday 
(piiet of restaurants was unapproachable. It was 
now discovered that Michigan had not despoiled 



352 THE XEW DLN'IXG EOOM. 

Oliio — there was still sometliiiio; to eat in the Soldiers' 
Home. The othoers and the sick men were taken 
there, and the regiment, formed in doiil)le line in the 
depot, was regaled with bread and butter, cakes and 
plenty of hot coffee fi-om the Home. This answered 
until live o'clock in the afternoon, when a proper din- 
ner, provided by the citizens' committee, was served 
to them in the dining hall at the depot, and they 
marched over to Camp Cleveland with mtisic and 
banners. 

The Home dinino; room was immediatelv found 
unequal to the demands of such occasions. Mr. 
Craavforp advised the redemption of the yet imoccu- 
pied portion of the pier from its ruinous state, and the 
followiufr dav a new room was planned, runnins: one 
hundred andtwentv feet alon^r t*he dock and cofeiected 
br foldino; doors "svith the smaller hall. In three davs 
the building was completed. 'Mi: L. D. Euckee, Super- 
intendent of the Cleveland and Toledo railroad, sent 
a special car to Olmstead to bring up the recpiisite 
number of chaii's, and the next arrival of troops, seven 
hundred soldiers of a Wisconsin regiment, were dined 
AA-ith little delay. An aitist was discovered in the 
Veteran Reserve ranks, who employed his genius in 
decorating walls and ceilings with designs in colored 
paper. Flags and pictures of favorite generals were 
suspended beneath the red. -vvhite and blue roof, and 
the whole effect was srav and patriotic. 

»^ * J. 

After the seven himdred Wisconsin soldiers came 
ten hundred and thiii:v-four from Michiiran, followed 
quicklv by regiments of three, four and live hundred 
men, fi'om both these States and from Minnesota. 



<* 



RIVAL ATTRxVCTIONS. 353 

almost ad infinitum, and at all hours of day and 
night. 

Each regiment had its individual interest, which 
gave to every arrival its characteristic. All had their 
colors in various stages of honorable mutilation ; some 
brought large collections of captured birds and animals, 
squirrels and raccoons perched on the men's shoulders, 
or curled up on their knapsacks ; others had trains of 
little darkies following to new homes in the wonderful 
North, with round eyes dilating at sight of the cakes and 
pies, and who were always called upon after the feast to 
exhibit some plantation dances and break downs for 
the benefit of the ladies. Many had fine bands of 
music, always brought into service on these occasions, 
if only a drum corps. A band, with lovely silver 
instruments, attached to the 22d Wisconsin, played 
all one June afternoon from the end of the long 
dinino; hall, and charmed those who listened into 
temporary forgetfulness of unswept floors, unwashed 
dishes and impending regiments. Occasionally troops 
recently stationed at a military post were accompanied 
by wives and children, who drank up the milk, caused 
a famine among the sweet things, were seldom civil 
and regarded the Home as a convenient hotel. 

The preparations for these entertainments were soon 
systematized. Early notice of the expected arrival of 
troops was sent to the Aid Rooms from the difterent 
railroad offices, Imt once or twice, through some 
failure in reports, the shortest imaginable time was 
allowed for preparation. Such an electrifying dispatch 
as this would come, per breathless messenger : " Seven 
hundred soldiers will be at Cleveland in half an hour ! " 



23 



354 A BILL OF FAKE. 

Three, four, even five hours was brief time when every 
thing had to be purchased and cooked, and in these 
desperate circumstances a carriage would be sent 
around to collect volunteers, and another dispatched 
to the market to find bread, meat and vegetables. A 
short experience sufficed to reveal the proper wires to 
be pulled to extract impossible performances from the 
German baker, who quivered with horror at " so many 
breads" being expected in an hour. The bread was 
always forthcoming, and the beef and vegetables. On 
Sunday, the railroad tracks being comparatively free, 
the special trains conveying soldiers were usually put 
on, and this became no unfrequent spectacle — a car- 
riage, with some of the Aid Society ladies, driving 
from bakers to butcher's house, invading the Sabbath 
leisure of these individuals at the church-going hour, 
in search of something to give a regiment of hungry 
soldiers. That they were hungry none can doubt who 
reads the superintendent's list of what was necessary 
to feed five hundred men : " One hundred and thirty- 
five pies, one half barrel ginger cakes, one thousand 
small cakes, one half barrel apple sauce, three hundred 
loaves bread, three hundred pounds beef, one half 
barrel pickles, thirty quarts milk, one half barrel 
crackers, one barrel potatoes, two and one half barrels 
coftee, one barrel veo-etables." 

If the time allowed to prepare and serve these meals 
was short, the superintendents of the railroads were 
most kind and indulgent, and the Home has no failure 
to record. An exce2:)tion was the case of a New York 
cavalry regiment, which was first discovered in the 
depot and could only be invited to make a flying 



THE EESERVE FORCE. 355 

descent upon the tables, already laid for breakfast. 
Everything upon them was carried off and then, the 
baker having just made his morning visit, all hands 
were marshaled to cut open the fresh loaves, insert a 
lump of butter in each and dispatch them to the 
soldiers remaining in the train. 

A number of ladies connected with the Aid Society 
held themselves in readiness for such occasions, when 
it became necessary to seek more assistance than the 
officers of the Society and the Home employes could 
supply. Among these were Mrs. D. Chittenden, 
Mrs. Randall Crawford, Mrs. William Cushing, 
Mrs. J. O. Seymour, Mrs. Knowlton, Mrs. J. Hay- 
ward, Mrs. C. D. Brayton, Mrs. C. A. Terry, Mrs. 
R. F. Paine, Mrs. J. M. Richards, Misses Kellogg, 
Mrs. S. Williamson, Mrs. William T. Smith, Miss 
Sara Mahan, Mrs. E. L. Miller, Miss Annie Bald- 
win, Miss Carrie Younglove, Mrs. Peter Thatcher, 
Mrs. Clark Warren, Mrs. Charles Wheeler, Mrs. 
George Willey, Miss Vaughan. 

It is also due the President of the Aid Society, Mrs. 
B. Rouse, to record her unfailing attendance at the 
Home on these and, indeed, all occasions. Her energy 
and activity, notwithstanding her years and feeble 
health, put to the blush many who were younger and 
more robust. 

In this connection should properly be mentioned 
many kindnesses received, not only at this time but 
also during every period of the history of the Home 
and Depot Hospital, from those attached to the rail- 
road offices or emj)loyed in the depot. Of the favors 
extended to the Society by the Superintendents of 



356 GENEKOUS RAILROAD COMPANIES. 

railroads centering in tlie city, Messrs. E. S. Flint and 
Robert Blee, of the Cleveland and Col ambus road, 
Henry Nottingham, of the Cleveland, Painesville and 
Ashtabula, J. H. Devereux, of the Cleveland and Pitts- 
burgh, L. D. Rucker, of the Cleveland and Toledo 
and of Captain L. A. Pierce, Agent of the Michigan 
Central, mention has already been made. How valu- 
able their assistance was can be readily seen when it 
is stated that more than two thirds of the transpor- 
tation issued to soldiers was on passes granted to the 
Society by the railroad companies, and the record 
falls far short of the actual number aided in this way. 
The generous interest called forth by the sufterings of 
the soldiers extended to those who had charge of the 
relief work, and the managers of the Home also record 
with pleasure the kindness of Messrs. Wheeler and 
Russell, Depot Master C. S. Robinson, Mr. George 
Stowell, and Depot Officers Van Husen and Clark 
Warren, the latter of whom rendered valuable ser- 
vice in the Depot Hospital. Mr. H. S. Stevens, of 
the Omnibus company, put at the disposal of the regu- 
lar visitors to the Home a seat in the vehicles of this 
line, and also supplied a permanent pass to the 
officers of the Society and to the superintendent and 
matron of the Home. H. Geer tfe Co. on many occa- 
sions gave the use of a carriage to the Society, in some 
cases of emergency when troops were expected, or when 
a sick soldier was to be carried to and from the trains. 

feeding a brigade. 

The larafest number of men entertained at one time 
was a brigade numbering thirteen hundred and fifty 
men, which arrived on the 29th of July. 



ENTERTAINING A BRIGADE, 357 

This brigade, consisting of the 37th and 38th Wis- 
consin and 27th Michigan, whose arrival had all day 
been postponed from one hour to the next, it was at 
length definitely settled would be at Cleveland at 12 
o'clock, midnight; so there was no sleep to be had, 
except in stolen snatches, sitting upright in the hardest 
of chairs, with ears on the alert to catch the first dis- 
tant whistle of the expected train. Of course no one 
at first intended to be sleepy. In the earlier part of 
the evening all found enough to do in the manifold 
preparations for thirteen hundred men. The ladies 
cut bushels of bread, cake and pies in the upper 
kitchen, and marshaled and assisted their temporary 
command of Veteran Reserves in the task of setting 
the tables in great and small dining rooms. Veteran 
Reserves were omnipresent — staggering under the 
weight of trays of plates and dishes, or carrying great 
baskets of edibles, to be distributed on the long rows 
of tables. On the disposition of this force the com- 
manding ofhcers prided themselves not a little — all 
the lame men sat at the tables assisting in cutting the 
bread and cake, which the wzf- armed men built up 
into tasteful monuments on the designated plates, and 
those so unfortunate as to possess both arms and legs 
were expected to be generally useful. Certain of the 
number, as well as the Home employes, had a definite 
post assigned each. One presided over the coffee — 
no slight task where six great caskfuls are required — 
another superintended the slicing of the beef from the 
cauldrons, and others still the boiling of potatoes by 
the barrel, while the evil genius of a third imhappy 
group condemned them to peel innumerable little 



358 A MIDNIGHT MEAL. 



green onions. Every one was busy and animated, 
even to the small boys w^ho, having nothing else to 
do, stimulated the energy of the working force by 
divers false alarms brought in from the outer dark- 
ness. The guard was posted and dropped calmly 
to sleep; the tables were finally surveyed and the 
most anxious scrutiny employed to discover possible 
flaws in quantity or quality ; also the corps de reserve 
of edibles, mountain high, was pronounced sufficient 
to feed the army of the Cumberland. Then the ladies 
in the matron's room and the soldiers in the great 
kitchen formed into groups, laughed, chatted, grew 
drowsy, and finally fell asleep, and for two hours 
nothing was heard but the weaves of Lake Erie dash- 
ing up against the pier beneath the Soldiers' Home. 
Suddenly, about 2 o'clock, A. M., a faint whistle — 
the very ghost of a sound — changed the silent scene 
in a moment into one of the most active life. Gas 
lights blazed up all over the house, the fumes of coffee 
rose on the air, and for the fifteen minutes before the 
soldiers actually arrived, every one needed ten pairs 
of hands and feet. An eager crowd, armed with plates, 
surrounded the steaming boilers of potatoes, while a 
similar group, provided with tin pails and kettles, 
assailed and aggravated the presiding genius at the 
coffee casks. The corps detailed for duty at the long 
rows of wash basins, hastened to its post, and soon 
lanterns were shining along the depot walls to light 
up the festive preparations. At this juncture the 
superintendent, assuming his lantern and badge of 
office, and accompanied by the steward and a detach- 
ment to attend the sick of the brigade, sallied forth 



OPEN AIR TOILETS. 359 

to meet the train. It was hardly necessary to tell the 
soldiers what was in store for them. Every man 
knew what the dispatch ran forward to say that 
afternoon, and every eye was watching the long low 
building with its many brilliant windows — the only 
bright spot in the blackness of 2 o'clock, A. M. So the 
train was speedily emptied, the men fell into ranks, 
the band struck up a lively tune, and the line of 
march was taken up for the Soldiers' Home. Here 
they halted, stacked arms, and the commanding officer 
informed the men that before partaking of the sup- 
per provided by the patriotic ladies of Cleveland 
an opjDortunity would be given them to wash their 
faces and hands. On this arose a tumultuous hurrah ! 
and all charged pell mell on the line of tin basins, 
which for ten minutes was a scene of wildest confu- 
sion. The water plashed, faces shone, pocket combs 
were circulated and the result was a general and 
pervading atmosphere of soap and water. Even with 
this civilizing influence, the brown rugged ranks of 
veterans looked formidable enough in the half light, 
though drawn up for a peaceful attack. 

The few moments' grace thus obtained, was precious 
indeed to the busy throng within the Home, who 
congratulated each other that the divided train brought 
only a portion of the number as a first detachment. 
Fortunately, by the time the toilets were completed, 
every thing was ready — five hundred bowls of steam- 
ing cofi^ee were poured out, the dining room doors 
thrown open and, marshaled by the superintendent, 
who temporarily ranked generals and colonels, in filed 
the hungry soldiers. That was a charming sight to 



360 PROGRESS OF THE FEAST. 

their entertainers — such looks of eager anticipation 
settling into joyful certainty, as the eye took in the 
light, the flowers, the smiling welcome, the home like 
look of the white covered tables, and, certainly not 
least, the variety and profusion of food heaped thereon. 
The first murmur of surprise and applause was a 
delightful sound, and not less so the subsequent clat- 
ter of knives and forks and the hum of many animated 
voices. The large dining hall was soon filled, next 
the smaller one, yet all were not seated. However, 
being earnestly assured that a second table would 
soon be prepared — though only half convinced that 
anything could equal that first glimpse of sumptuous 
fare — the remnant withdrew and gave their attention 
to the casks of iced water and lemonade standing 
beside the Home door. 

Within, the feast progressed with wonderfal rapid- 
ity. An appointed number of ladies who, with a 
detail of Veteran Reserves, were assigned for duty at 
the difterent tables, again and again filled the bowls 
with hot coffee and replenished the fast disappearing 
mountains of bread and meat. Occasionally one 
would stumble over a small and unhappy yellow 
secesh dog who accompanied his conquerors and 
refused to remain concealed under the table. The 
attendants likewise combined with their other duties 
the agreeable task of drinking in the expressions of 
approval which, as the feast slackened, fell from all 
lips; also of listening, with calm conviction, to the 
universal decision of the infinite superiority of the 
supper under consideration to any ever provided by 
other corporation or town. 



INVALID DIET. 361 

In the smaller dining room, tlie officers of tlie 
brigade supped at a table only differing from the 
others in the non-essential privilege accorded of put- 
ting the milk and sugar into each cup according 
to individual taste. And the sick — those at least 
who could crawl to the table — had their appointed 
place and a bevy of anxious and eager attendants. 
Being excepted from the general uniformity, the appe- 
tite of each invalid was consulted, and the kitchen 
stove soon covered with innumerable little messes, 
hastily prepared to suit a sick man's fancy, and served 
with sympathizing words and glances, which doubtless 
added greatly to the flavor. This was evident, for 
the patients generally show^ed a laudable inclination 
to eat through the bill of fare in addition to this 
invalid diet. There were also sick in the wards who 
claimed attention. Under the steward's charge, each 
man had received clean clothing and the necessary 
medicine or stimulants required by his condition, and 
was now at liberty to select anything which seemed 
tempting within the pantry's limits. This food being 
prepared, was taken to the ward and arranged on 
tables, ornamented each with a bouquet stolen from 
the dining room. 

By this time the rooms were emptied of the last 
remaining guests, and not a moment could be lost in 
removing the fragments of the meal and restoring the 
tables to their first freshness, for the second train was 
at hand and, flattening their faces against the windows 
and pressing around the doors, were the disappointed 
ones of installment number one. The universal haste, 
half laughing, half desperate, was stimulated now by 



362 JOHNNY COMES MAKCHING HOME. 

the sound of many voices and feet without, announcing 
the arrival of the remaining eight hundred and fifty 
soldiers. In the lower kitchen a dense white steam 
enveloped the heated and excited group of dish 
washers, preparing a third supply of plates and dishes, 
while down the dining room flowed a tide of men and 
women, with trays of butter plates and towers of pies, 
which met an opposing phalanx of empty dishes, 
streaming up to the kitchen. At this juncture the 
General commanding the brigade proposed that the 
Glee Club of the Michigan regiment should favor the 
Cleveland ladies with a selection of patriotic songs. 
So a file of bright, half shy, half amused, young sol- 
diers took up their station against the wall, out of 
reach of impending collisions, and above the confusion 
of tongues, the sound of hunying feet and the clash- 
ing of forks and dishes, rose the strains of " Tramp, 
Tramp," the "Blue Cockade" and "Johnny Comes 
Marching Home," sung with spirit and sweetness. 
Every one found a moment to lay aside her occupation 
and applaud the young musicians, in spite of the pre- 
monitory sounds without the closed door. 

At last, in a really brief space of time, the rooms 
were again thrown open and again filled with a 
second throng, rather more hungry than their prede- 
cessors. Up to this point there had been no signs 
of failure in the pantry, but the experienced ones 
began to consider with nervous dread the probability 
of its endurino; another attack from the four hun- 
dred remaining guests, who would certainly come 
with trebly aggravated appetites. Four hundred tall, 
strong Wisconsin men were patiently awaiting their 



DEPARTURE. 363 

share in the good things so glowingly described by 
their comrades. There was no time to lose in these 
reflections. The tables were set the third time by 
weary people, whose hands moved less briskly and 
whose feet seemed strangely to adhere to the oft 
traversed floor. Finally all was ready and ample in 
every respect, to the general surprise and delight. 
No such genuine expressions of grateful appreciation 
fell from any as from these Wisconsin soldiers who, 
waiting in the chill summer twilight, must have 
doubted whether any one house could contain enough 
to feed thirteen hundred as hungry men. Before the 
last lingering guests had left the tables — including 
the numerous little negroes, whose pockets bore ample 
evidence to the sympathy of the attendant ladies — 
the bugle sounded its shrill call and away they all 
scampered, hands and mouths full. Every one in the 
Home crowded to doors and windows to see the host 
depart. The first signs of morning were red in the 
east when the line formed again from the extreme 
limits of the watery territory, and when all was ready 
the oflicer in command told the soldiers to give the 
Home and the ladies of the Sanitary Commission 
three cheers. Then ensued a deafening shout, accom- 
panied by innumerable individual greetings, the band 
struck up again, handkerchiefs were waved and the 
brigade moved ofi:" in a tumult of cheers, good wishes 
and good byes. Then the people at the doors went 
slowly in to breakfast and were electrified by the 
announcement of another regiment to be expected at 
noon. 



364 THE HOSPITAL DEPAETMENT. 

All these troops brouglit sick meu witli tliem ; in 
the baggage cars of the train there were always 
some hao:2:ard miserable victims of ao-ne and fever — 
for not a man of them would consent to let the boys 
come home and leave him behind. By the time 
Cleveland was reached, those who had undertaken 
the journey when unfit to bear its fatigues, were 
obliged to remain at the Home until they could be 
taken to the Camp Cleveland hospital or join their 
regiments. The steward of the Soldiers' Home at 
this time was a discharged soldier, John Schwab, who 
had been appointed to the position in March, 1865, 
and was one of the kindest, most capable and atten- 
tive nurses with which a sick man was ever blessed. 
His hospital staff consisted of two convalescent soldiers, 
detailed to act as his assistants and recruited from the 
guests of the household, many of whom had often 
before acted in this capacity. The medicine chest and 
the stores of lint, bandages and plasters were under 
the steward's charge, and his skill in dressing wounds, 
with quickness and tenderness, made his services of 
great value. 

Althouo'h others of the Cleveland surs^eons occa- 
sionally prescribed for the Home patients, — Drs. 
Elisha STERLmCr and Proctor Thayer having each 
attended a patient through a severe surgical case, — 
the physician of the establishment was in fact Dr. 
Charles A. Terry, who paid four or five hundred 
oTatuitous visits to the sick men there, and, after the 
Home was closed, continued his services whenever 
they were required for an invalid soldier or his family. 

It was amusing to see how stoutly all the sick men 



A SUBMISSIVE PATIENT. 365 

at first refused to stay, when the others went on, even 
if evidently seriously ill. But after a day or two a 
reaction would take place ; what was passing around 
them began to amuse them a little, their food was 
excellent, their quarters comfortable, and the interest 
taken in their eases, their tastes and comfort by the 
ladies of the Home, in time worked a marvelous 
change. A Massachusetts regiment left behind it 
several most unhappy homesick men, who shook with 
ague chills and pined with disappointment for a day 
or two, then cheered up amazingly, laughed, ate, got 
well and went home in high spirits. One of them, a 
sweet-looking boyish soldier, shed a few tears when 
he said good bye. " And, O, Averill," cried a pru- 
dent lady, as he went away, " you have forgotten to 
take your quinine ! " whereupon submissively he tossed 
off a bumper of the pleasing beverage and was gone. 
"Miss," said the steward solemnly, "he had just taken 
his usual dose and he thinks it's poisonous ! " Could 
any one demand a stronger proof of gratitude 'i It did 
not seem deadly in its effects ; he and the other men 
got safely to Massachusetts and wrote back to tell of 
their arrival and of their favorable opinion of the 
Home. 

Another AVisconsin soldier, who lay in the corner 
of the ward through what had nearly proved a fatal 
illness, seemed insensible to all the care and kindness 
which could be shown him, yet surprised one of his 
" liebe freunde " by sending, with some money which 
was loaned him for the journey, a grateful letter, of 
which this is a portion translated from its native 
German. " You have been my best friends. As long 



S6G CRIPPLED CORRESPOXDENTS. 

as I live I Avill tliaDk you. Do not think badly of me 
that I have not written before. If you ever come to 
our neighborhood you must make us a visit. My 
father and mother o-reet vou a thousand times because 
you helped me in my great distress." 

A third patient writes : " I am gaining my streugth. 
I think I should never have got home if it had not 
been for your kindness to me. I owe my life to you, 
for which you have my sincere thanks. It is a noble 
institution and I hope it will be prospered." 

And a fourth: ''I return the five dollars you so 
kiudly loaned me to bear my expenses out. I feel 
under o-reat oblio-ations to be o-rateful to you for this 
as well as many other tavors I have received from 
your excellent institution. I shall ever hold the 
Soldiers' Home in grateful remembrance. It is one of 
the bright spots in life that memory loves to dwell 
upon." 

In turniuo- over the volumes which hold these 
letters, the men who wrote them are one by one 
recalled. Here is a correspondent who had lost a leg, 
another an arm, a third was consumptive. They had 
all seen many hardships in the field and some of them 
in prison ; but not one of the brave fellows remembered 
that as a title to the consideration of their countrymen 
and women. The letters are full of the kindness 
received at the Home as something delightfully unex- 
pected and certainly not merited. 

THE WOUNDED OF THE 103D OHIO. 

Ox the 19th of June the lOod Ohio was reported 
as en route for Camp Cleveland, but at the time 



THE WOUNDED AT ALTOONA. 367 

appointed for the arrival, 9 o'clock, A. M., of the next 
day, instead of the expected regiment came dispatches 
announcing a catastrophe to the train near Altoona, 
Pa. The city ^vas full of anxious friends, for the 103d 
had been recruited in Northern Ohio, several compa- 
nies in Cleveland. There stood, that sunny morning, 
the tents in the Park, gay with flags, the tables laid 
for the feast, and all through the streets were women 
and children, with nosegays of June roses and pinks 
for the soldiers. There were a few hours of anxiety 
and uncertainty — no one knew definitely who were 
injured, or whether the regiment was involved in 
general disaster. But, as the long day wore on, the 
confused messages that first came were modified by 
more accurate reports, although the dreadful fact 
remained that three strong young soldiers, who had 
survived the perils of a four years' war, lay dead at 
Altoona, and twenty or thirty others were more or 
less injured. 

The first thought in the minds of those who had 
friends or brothers among the wounded, was to go 
directly to Altoona, and often during the day was 
the question asked at the Aid Rooms, '' Can you not 
hel]) me to get there ? " But, before any of the anxious 
souls could start on their journey, a message came 
from the wounded men themselves ; they would be in 
Cleveland with the regiment on the next day, all of 
them, at least, whose injuries would bear removal. 

These were legitimate guests of the Soldiers' Home, 
and it was resolved to make their arrival a festival 
occasion. 

At 12 o'clock the train was due, and long before 



n 



QS A SAJ) KETUEX. 



tliat liour a dense crowd had collected at the depot. 
The train came into the midst of a little tempest of 
cheers and fluttering handkerchiefs. The women cried, 
the band opened its brass throat, and, when the noisy 
welcome was over, the regiment marched away, wind- 
ing like a gay ribbon along the dusty hill, with the 
old colors flying, pretty bouquets crowning the bright 
bayonets, and gorgeous necklaces of brilliant flowers 
embarrassino- the officers they distino-uished. 

From the improvised hospital cars of the train the 
superintendent and his assistants brought to the 
Home the wounded men, some on stretchers, carrying 
others, and followed by all who could help themselves 
by means of a stout cane or crutch. It was a sad 
return, nor could the poor fellows help feeling it, and 
hardly less so did their comrades who marched away 
to the 2:av music. The men were taken to the pleas- 
antest ward, sweet with its holiday bouquet and cool 
with the breezes from the lake, and here a vigorous 
bathing and renovation took place. The wounds were 
dressed, the worn and stained uniforms replaced by 
fresh cotton clothing, and now the barometer began 
to indicate fair weather. Dust and heat were things 
of the past. Visitors were admitted, and through the 
open door crept a promise of dinner. 

Every man had now a glass of iced lemonade or 
milk punch. A little book was produced and the 
day-dream of each in the way of dinner recorded. 
The bill of fare had no limitations, and caused laugh- 
ter and amusement even among the most despondent 
invalids. One wanted eggs, another fresh meat and 
veo-etables; every man asked for fruit and a potato. 



A DINNER PARTY. 369 

A round table was brought into the ward, cups and 
saucers arranged, and never was dinner party more 
thoroughly enjoyed, although the guests were obliged 
to follow the oriental custom of reclining at the meal. 
A smaller table was drawn to each bed, the men 
propped up on pillows, and the room soon filled with 
merry voices. Later in the day, when their place 
of retreat became known, friends and relatives came 
pouring in, until each invalid's bed was the centre of 
some family group. Among them, too, were many 
sympathizers, with cakes, custard and other good things 
unsuitable for an invalid, but of which — forgetting 
dinner past and consequences possible — all the pa- 
tients did cordially partake. 

For three days the heroes of the Altoona disaster 
wei'e made as happy as their fractures and bruises 
would allow, and then each, as he regained his 
strength, went to his own home and kindred. 

The majority of troops hitherto entertained were 
from Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, but in July 
and August the troops on duty in the Mississippi 
States, generally New England and New York regi- 
ments, began arriving, bringing jidenty of ague patients. 
As long as the Home existed, regular troops in transit 
in the line of the service received the same attention 
that was paid to volunteers. The 6th United States 
Cavalry was the only complete regiment entertained, 
the others being merely squads of recruits. 

To these successive regiments, with their sick requir- 
ing all the care which a hospital affords, was of course 
added the daily tide of individual soldiers, arrivimx 



2 1 



370 THE CKUEL WAU IS OVER. 

and departing, to be fed, lodged and specially relieved 
in many ways. All day in the Home dining room 
stood a table already laid for whatever meal might 
happen to be required — breakfast, dinner, supper. 
From the early daylight boat to the latest evening 
train, any soldier might come, lay aside his knapsack, 
find a comfortable meal, Avith plenty of hot coifee, 
provided for him, and go on his way without detention. 

AVhen the war was really over and every day 
brouo;ht some res-iment on its homewaid way, there 
was not a soldier yet undischarged who did not pine 
to get out of the service. They began to hate their 
uniforms as a badge of continued obligation. They 
wanted to be with their old companies — going home 
and welcomed by townsmen and sweethearts. Men 
who had been brave soldiers for four years of war, 
grumbled at serving after the rebels were conquered. 
It was wonderful what magic lay in the yellow dis- 
charge paper. It represented going home to wife and 
children, and once more becoming a citizen. The 
armies of irrepressible soldiers, who were to convert 
the Republic into a military despotism and fight each 
other when there was no one else to kill, melted si- 
lently away, and instead , there were so many more 
clerks, laborers, mechanics, who were only too glad to 
beat their spears into pruning hooks, and to hang up 
their muskets peacefully on the wall. 

One splendid looking soldier, who belonged to a 
regiment discharged at Camp Cleveland, was afflicted 
with persistent ague, and, some error occurring in his 
papers, was obliged to remain temporarily at the 
Home. He sat there for days, sulky and sullen as a 



jri'STERED OUT. 371 

caged liou, but after oue lucky visit to the paymaster, 
came in radiant, in citizen's clothing, emitting cheerful- 
ness and good humor from every pore, the shabby 
soldier dress discarded — Richard himself again ! 

When the order came releasing from the service 
members of the Veteran Reserve Corps whose original 
regiments were already mustered out, all hope of any 
further work from those at the Home was over. Ket- 
tles and dish j)ans were deserted, while all day long a 
little crowd could be found at the paymaster's office, 
awaitins: the turn to settle accounts with Uncle Sam. 
Sometimes they were kept kicking their heels at his 
door for several days, but the money once safely in 
pocket — away to the tailor ! 

There was one tall fellow, simple minded as a baby, 
who was always bursting with little bits of family 
history and small confidences. He delighted to exhibit 
the picture of his wife, and to ask : " Well, now, don't 
she look smart \ " Then he would tell what a brisk 
little body she was, and how she had worked as a dress- 
maker while he was in the war — all with honest pride. 
One afternoon B., ^vho had cast aside his cook's apron 
with the rest to dance attendance upon the paymaster, 
came into the Aid Room office with the inevitable 
russet portmanteau — always the first purchase — and 
putting it down, opened its treasures for inspection. 
" Now, how much do you suppose I paid for this ? " he 
demanded at each article, — then overwhelmed his audi- 
ence by announcing its surprising cheapness. When 
the last great bargain was replaced, the honest fellow's 
heart failed him ; tears stood in his eyes as he said : "We 
never shall meet here again but I hope we may in 
heaven," and so went home to his smart little wife. 



372 ELOQUE^'T GUESTS. 

It Avas pleasant to know what interest those soldiers 
who remained any length of time at the Home, espe- 
cially if they had been sick there, took in its affaii's. 
Some of them could believe that theii* own mothers 
and sisters had a share in providing its comforts ; but 
to most of them the charm consisted in theii' coming 
fi'om those to whom they were strangers, except for 
theii' service sake. On a meal ticket, perhaps, some 
shy cruest became eloquent, " Thanks to Ohio for the 
kindness I have received at the Home, and may God 
reward its benefactors."' Enclosed in a neat border of 
scallops, another one wrote, on the corner of a book : 
" The thanks of the soldiers are due to the attendants 
of the Home for theii- kindness to sick soldiers." 
Thev would often write, from their own homes, from 
the hospital or regiment, perhaps saying : " You may 
remember me as the soldier who had a scar across the 
face." A man who had been several months at the 
Home as guest and afterwards as assistant to the 
steward, wrote : '• I hope you will not think me pre- 
sumptuous when I address you as ii'iend, for I am sure 
I never met a stranger anywhere who took half the 
interest in my welfare," and then follow his little 
items of domestic news and plans for the future. One 
poor broken down fellow, whose sufferings and temp- 
tations must have long since ended, left the Home in 
a fit of remorse, because, " My spirit would not allow 
me loncrer to feed upon the bread of chanty, although 
I knew I was welcome by all of those connected with 
that best institution that the world ever saw." Extrav- 
a<:raut language, but excusable in a man who had no 
home of his own to die in. 



RAIDERS AND MALCONTENTS. 373 

The supply work at the Aid Rooms was still in full 
force, for in the field was an undischarged army, 
requiring the aid of the Sanitary Commission's vege- 
table trains to defy the attacks of scurvy, and the 
newly found peace had not yet depleted the hospitals, 
filled with the wounded of the last great battles. 

The claimants from the camp for the stores of the 
Aid Society now assumed formidable numbers. A 
detention, sometimes of a week or two, before each 
regiment was paid off, was impatiently endured by 
the soldiers. Their clothing bore such marks of the 
famous march through Georgia, that it was often 
hardly adapted for the inspection of the civilized 
world, and the wearers, who had expected to be at 
once discharged, were painfull}^ conscious of this. It 
was discovered that the Soldiers' Aid Society had 
various useful and comfortable articles on hand. One 
soldier came and then another, until finally the Aid 
Rooms were filled with such visitors from early morn- 
ino- until nio-ht. The articles obtained were not valu- 
able, but a clean handkerchief, a pair of stockings, or 
a cotton shirt made the recipient for the time quite 
happy. Their thanks, unfortunately, were often accom- 
panied by such unexpected remarks as this : " Well, 
this is the first thing I ever got from the Sanitary," or, 
" You don't see the Sanitary out of Ohio." " What," 
some lady would exclaim, " did you never get any 
vegetables ? " " Yes, we had potatoes and onions, 
but never any fruit." The men who complained, it 
appeared, had never been in hospital since their enlist- 
ment, and to each one it was carefully explained that 
the work of the Sanitary Commission was, save in the 



37-1 FOURTH OF JULY BANQUET. 

distribution of anti-scorbutics, confined to tlie hospitals. 
If all wlio felt themselves thus aggrieved admitted to 
having eaten Sanitary Commission vegetables, to hav- 
ing lodged and dined at the Soldiers' Homes, and yet 
had never been on the hospital list, the inference was 
clear that they had received their full share of the 
Sanitary Commission benefits. Convinced of this or 
not, they still came — sometimes almost a whole com- 
pany would be found seated in front of the Aid 
Kooms, patiently awaiting the imlocldng of the door. 
It became even necessary to barricade the centre of 
the room, to separate the eager guests from the busi- 
ness of the Society. 

Many of the soldiers' families now drew supplies of 
cooked food from the Home. After a regiment had 
been fed there was often a quantity of cut bread and 
meat remainiuoj, which was distrilmted accordins^ to a 
list of such ftimilies, kept for the purpose. Once the 
non-arrival of an expected New York regiment left a 
houseful of cooked provisions on hand, which were 
loaded upon drays and express wagons and sent to 
every soldier's wife within reach. 

The Fourth of July dinner, given l^y the citizens of 
Cleveland to the regiments in camp, the patients in 
the hospital and veteran soldiers generally, was served 
at the Home by request of the committee having the 
matter in charge. It was not a trilling affair nor 
easily prepared. A regiment preceded it and another 
breakfasted oft' the remains, while the dinner was skil- 
fully sandwiched between the two. In fact when the 
tables were actually laid, in all the glory of holiday 



THE LITTLE SAILOE. 375 

preparation, a detacliment of two liundred convales- 
cents, on their way to a Michigan liosj^ital, arrived 
by the Eastern train, without announcement. They 
were, of course, seated at the tables and regaled with 
a portion of the puddings and pies for which the 
soldiers in the Park were sharpening their appetites, 
under the influence of the Fourth of July oration. No 
one enjoyed the nice things more than the sick men 
who first tasted their quality. As soon as these were 
dispatched, every man in the establishment was pressed 
into service, whether one-armed or one-legged, and, the 
stock of food holding out, the tables were restored 
before the sound of the band became audible, and the 
long, dusty procession drew up expectant at the 
doors. Accompanying it in omnibuses and carriages, 
which blossomed out with flags, came the lame, the 
halt and the blind from the hospital at Camp Cleve- 
land — men w^hose faces from many visits paid to the 
Bank street Rooms had become familiar and welcome. 
Two deaths occurred, almost in the midst of these 
festivities. While the dinner was in j^rogress, a little 
sailor, from the Mississippi squadron, who had been 
lying for months in hospital at Mound City, was 
brought from the railroad train and placed upon a 
bed in the further ward, remote as possible from the 
noise and music. Such a delicate child-like face lay 
on the pillow, with eyes dark and long lashed, whose 
sad and patient expression had grown through slow 
and wasting disease. To an inexperienced observer 
he showed no sign of illness, except, perhaps, in exces- 
sive debility, and, as he lay quietly through the hot 
day, he looked like a pretty boy sleeping away the 



376 THE PRODIGAL SON. 

fatigue of play. But the decision of the physician 
was imperative — his parents must be at once sent for. 
They came the next morning — two phiin, elderly 
people whose Benjamin this son evidently was — and 
through the day they hung over him, trying a hundred 
simple country remedies from their home experience, 
burning brandy and making tea or gruel in the hope 
of revivino; his failino^ strensTth. But the loving care 
was useless, for with no further suffering he sank 
rapidly, and died before evening. 

Another, a government employe, brought the same 
evening to the Home, lived two days, but died before 
his parents could come to him. This, his old father 
said, was a long absent son who had left them years 
before, and he burst into a passion of tears when told 
that he was too late to see him living. 

On the 6th of July, Company D, of the 6th Veteran 
Reserves, was ordered again to Johnson's Island, and 
in the following August, a company of the 2 2d Regi- 
ment of the same Corps, stationed at the camp, was 
detailed for duty at the Depot. The men occupied 
the old quarters, gradually crej^t into their predeces- 
sors' places, washed dishes, swept floors, cooked and 
waited upon the sick. Their term of service only 
extended over three weeks. 

Quite a number of men whose regiments were dis- 
charged at Camp Cleveland and who failed to receive 
their pay through some informality in their papers, 
applied for permission to remain at the Home until 
the fault could be rectified. This was generally 
granted on condition of their services beins; made 
available in the duties of the household. 



THE HOSPITAL LEGACY. 37T 

In August the U. S. General Hosj^ital at Camp 
Cleveland was broken up, and those patients whose 
removal to Camp Dennison seemed inexpedient, w^ere 
transferred to the care of the Soldiers' Home. One, a 
sensitive and nervous lad, who had suffered long with 
a painful disease, found the neighborhood of the depot 
quite unbearable, and was removed to a country 
village, where the expenses of his illness were borne 
by the Aid Society. There he lingered a few weeks, 
sending for and receiving some small luxuries from 
the Soldiers' Home, which only relieved his restless 
longings for the moment, but could give him no lasting 
relief. One of the eager little notes is here, written 
by a patient, much-enduring sister, who watched him 
so faithfully and now too lies at rest with him : " I 
know you will do anything for a soldier's comfort, and 
will helj^ me as much as you can, for the short time 
my brother has to stay here. He says he hopes he 
will soon be in heaven, pleading before the throne of 
Mercy a great reward for your kindness to him, as he 
can not return it by any reward in this world." 

Another patient had been once before at the Home, 
just after suffering amputation of both limbs, which 
were crushed under a railroad car. He had now a 
cheerful position in the ward assigned him, where he 
could easily see and be amused by what passed 
around him. Sometimes the steward would mount 
him upon his back and carry him around the depot, 
or the piers, for a little change of air and scene, while 
an occasional drive through the city gave him inex- 
pressible pleasure. When able to travel, he was sent, 
under charge of the steward of the Home, to Phila- 



378 A FLOUEISHING BUSINESS. 

delpliia to procure liis artificial legs, and, pending their 
manufacture, was left at the Sanitary Commission 
Lodge. Six weeks later a proud and happy moment 
arrived. He walked into the Home on what he called 
his " artificials," with only the help of a cane. Every 
visitor was called upon to admire the newly acquired 
taculty. A pension was afterwards procured for him 
by special act of Congress — as his accident, having 
occurred while on furlough, precluded him from claim- 
ino; one under existins: laws. He tried, but not sue- 
cessfully, to work at his old trade of shoe making, 
and finally drifted into his proper place, the National 
Asylum, 

Men, injured to the extent of losing both limbs, 
were rarely fit for any continuous employment, even 
of a simple and light nature. So great was the shock 
to the nervous system, that a quiet, unexciting exis- 
tence in some institution, where their wants were 
attended to and the future gave them no anxiety, was 
srenerallv the climax of their ambition. 

On the 1st of May, 1865, a new and flourishing- 
business had been inaus^urated in the oro-anization of 
the former irreo-ular efl:brts to obtain work for dis- 
charged soldiers, into an Employment Agency. A 
system, drawn up and recommended by the Central 
Bureau of the Sanitary Commission, was adopted, and 
books opened, which were furnished by it to all the 
Branch Agencies. This ne^v department began in 
the late summer and autumn to furnish numerous 
guests to the Home, forming a fiiir proportion of all 
the applicants registered at the Aid Rooms. In the 



WANTED, EMPLOYMENT. 379 

case of disabled soldiers, a temporary admission, even 
for a few days, was often necessary, until the occupa- 
tions to which they were 1)est adapted could be found. 
Even to men not crippled, but compelled l)y long 
absence from business almost to commence the world 
anew, it was a benefit to be enabled, without loss to 
their small means, to procure the employment most 
suitable to their tastes and a])ility. The Agency was 
advertised and applications for registration were 
received by letter as well as in person. It was not 
always easy to adapt the supply to the demand, so 
many of the applicants were unable to perform full 
labor, and the positions where light work was required 
were not readily found nor always desirable. 

^' Being a discharged soldier, and having contracted 
a set of weak lungs in the service — by the way, was 
in four years — I thought I would make an appeal to 
you for a situation." 

" Two fingers shot away and my left shoulder bro- 
ken at Spottsylvania Court House. Since then I have 
not been able to do anything. The ball is still in my 
breast near the heart, and I am not able to do very 
hard work. I would like to be brakesman on a train, 
as work in a close room hurts me to breathe." 

"I write to know if you could find a wounded 
soldier some light employment. I was wounded at 
Antietam. I shall always be a cripple. My wound 
has never healed. I had a home when I enlisted, but 
have been obliged to part with it ; everything is so 
high these past two years. I was the first man who 
enlisted in the town where I live. I see no way of 
supporting my wife and child thi-ough the coming 
dreary winter." 



3$0 AX affliotixct endorsement. 

'' Do, please, try aud get me something to do ; my 
application is tlie one liundred and eiglity-seventli. I 
don't care what it is, so that it is honest work." 

And from a despondent one-legged Teuton : 

" Ladies, my desire is to say that I have not a place 
to work yet. It is allmost encouraging. I was up to 
see they man again who wanted me to sprinkle they 
streets, but no advise was criven to me. ]\[v wish is to 
see him to Day and it" not A proper answer comes 
forth from his mouth 1 will leave him." 

What could be done with these and many others — 
so anxious to work, so unwilling to live upon charity, 
and vet so little able to earn more than the smallest 
wages I 

The able-bodied men all found occupation in time, 
some of them throuo-h the Emplovment Ai>:encv, others 
by their own efforts. In recommending a soldier to a 
position of any trust, references from a former employer, 
or from his company officer were required. A man 
who could bring such a passport as this was sure to 
succeed. "The most temperate young man I know, 
assiduous, persevering, orderly and active. I would 
trust him with a million of monev. He will tell the 
truth and the truth only. In tact he is a pattern of a 
boy." 

One unfortunate, brio-ht-eved vouno- colored soldier 
came, atHicted with this endorsement : 

'* i Do Sertev Fve that he is a sober vouno- man his 
occupashon Was a Ilorshler be fore in Eooled in the 
U S service, he can be trusted, he wants to Drive 
a Famalay Caredoe i do now him as a onest vouno; 
man, and all wav Done his Dutv as a soliershier. 

Yourst Most Eestibels ^[." 



A COLORED REGIMENT. 381 

The Employment Agency, Avitli its system and re- 
sults, is fully detailed in the preceding General History 
on page 252. 

The returning tide of regiments continued to flow 
during the entire summer and fall of 1865, and even 
through the later months of this year. The sketch 
already giv^en shows the general character of their re- 
ception at the Soldiers' Home. One of the most 
orderly, best disciplined body of men ever entertained 
there was the 102d Regiment U. S. Colored Troops, 
which arrived in two detachments, numbering collect- 
ively some twelve hundred men. With the right wino- 
were several women and children, in odd fantastic 
costumes — a union of plantation dress with civilized 
finery. They were cold and tired and gathered eagerly 
around the fire, with the flock of round-eyed little ones 
hooking shyly out from behind the protecting barricade 
of the mothers' dresses. The soldiers themselves, 
bright, active young men, threw their entire energies 
into tlie open air ablutions, scrubbed and re-scrubbed 
their shining fiices, and scrupulously assumed any 
additional article of festive attire to be found in their 
knapsacks. 

The left wing, which arrived a week later, brought a 
train of one hundred sick men. A storm encountered 
on the passage had driven the vessel containing the 
troops out to sea, and consequently the existing forms 
of disease were aggravated and many new cases created. 
This invalid corps, imder charge of a detail of soldiers, 
was specially supervised by an old negro, acting as 
master of ceremonies, who insisted on a rigid toilet 



382 A PERILOUS ,^o^K^'EY. 

being performed for eaeli sick man before admitting to 
the wards the visits of the hidies, or any hopes of 
dinner. To all the indignant remonstrances he replied 
merely with a superior smile and polite Ix^w of excuse. 
It Avas a strange and picturesque scene. The wards 
were filled with the worst cases — men who had the 
settled melancholy, which is a peculiar feature of ill- 
ness in their race, and three of whom died on board 
the boat that ni^-ht after leavino; the Home. The floor 
of the reception room A\as covered with the less seri- 
ously ill, lying about in all attitudes, enjoying the 
warmth and languidly expectant of dinner. When 
evening and the time for embarkation on the Detroit 
boat arrived, an omnibus was obtained to transport 
the sick men, while the most dano-erous cases, not 
trusted to this convcA'ance, were carried in blankets, 
borne each bv four stout soldiers. Poor fellows I thev 
had an uncomfortable journey: their porters were 
young, merry and not very attentive, and sometimes 
the invalids came in sudden and tmpleasant contact 
with the groimd, but no audible complaint proceeded 
from the l>lankets. 

The last reo-iment arrived one cold Januarv morniuo:, 
and was announced three hours before, in this dis- 
patch, " Four car loads of troops are at Crestline, from 
awav down south. Thev have been nine davs on the 
wav — have run out of provisions and Avant to come 
in to the Soldiers' Home." The reply Avas of course a 
promise of dinner, and the superintendent of the 
Cleveland and Columbus railroad promised to bring 
the men in time to accept the invitation. At three 
o'clock, P. M., the Sth New Hampshire arrived, cold 



THE HOMEWAKD MARCH. 383 

and hungry. The chilly atmosphere was bitterly felt 
by men so long accustomed to the mild climate of 
Louisiana, and every wave of the stormy lake struck 
the pier with almost the force of a cannon ball, and 
sent showers of spray through treacherous chinks in 
the Home walls. But once inside the building, it was 
bright and cheerful as possible. Fires blazed in every 
quai'ter, and the tables were smoking altars of incense, 
for everything in the house which could be cooked 
and served steaming and hot had been pre2:>ared. All 
that could not be consumed at one meal — bread, 
meat and cheese — was packed into the men's haver- 
sacks and, it is hoped, lasted them until they reached 
New Hampshire. After this, the great dining room 
was never used ; the doors were closed, the gay traj^- 
pings removed, and snow wreaths, hung by the wind 
on the walls, usurped the place of the favorite generals. 

The expenditure made in feeding troops was a very 
large item in the expenses of the Home, and although 
the duty, except in the case of the sick, might not be 
regarded as essential, yet no act of its dispensation 
seemed to more clearly express the higher and national 
character of the Sanitary Commission. The regiments 
returning to their distant homes in Michigan, Wiscon- 
sin, Minnesota and Iowa, found a little series of 
entertainments prepared for them on the route. 

Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit, had 
each its organization, which let no soldier j^ass by 
unfed or neglected. The enthusiasm was more than 
the food — it had a moral effect which is expressed 
in the resolutions sent back by the Ist Minnesota 
Battery after its arrival at St. Paul. 



384 THANKS FROM MINNESOTA. 

"Besolced, That in tlie name of every soldier of the Union, whom thev 
honored in honoring us, and on behalf of the 1st Minnesota Batterv in 
particular, do we tender to the ladies and patriotic citizens of Cleveland, 
our grateful thanks for the attention received at their hands. 

Besohed, That though with feelings of universal pleasure and pride do we 
look back on the spotless record of our Battery during its three and a half 
years' service in the Army of the Tennessee, yet the brightest spot in our 
memories will henceforth be the closing scene of our military life, when, 
our mission accomplished, and the object for which we struggled so long 
happily attained, we received on our homeward march the manifestations of 
a nation's gratitude. 

Besohed, That the pleasure we derived from the personal attention shown 
us by the ladies of Cleveland and the State of Ohio in general — great as 
that pleasitre was — is enhanced by the thought that in thus greeting us as 
friends and brothers — who were strangers from a far distant state — with 
nothing to entitle us to such greeting, except the fact of our being soldiers 
of our common country, this — the great truth — was demonstrated, that the 
American Union was no longer, as heretofore, a conglomeration of discor- 
dant States, loosely hung together, but that by the mutual sacrifices and 
united efforts of the past four years, we have in reality become a great nation — 
one in purpose — one in sentiment — sharing alike in the glorious memories 
of the past, and in the blessing resulting to the whole wide land, from the 
late triumphant vindication of the principles of free, enlightened, popular 
government." 

The approacli of winter changed the route of travel, 
and the few regiments to be still mustered out of 
service were sent to Camp Chase — the Cleveland 
camp having been early dismantled and broken up. 
This branch of the Home work was consequently over. 
AVhen the institution was finally closed, and left to its 
solitude of bare walls and empty rooms, and the 
Society's watchfulness for expected troops was no 
lono-er necessary, the 25th Ohio unexj^ectedly arrived 
and sent forward so short a notice of their coming 
that it was only possible to serve them with an infor- 
mal meal at 5 o'clock, A, M. 



A PERMANENT HOME. 385 

THE OHIO STATE SOLDIERS' HOME. 

On the ITtli of October, 1865, an institution for 
disabled soldiers, known as the Ohio State Soldiers' 
Home, was o]3ened at Columbus. The grounds, build- 
ings and equipments of the Tripler Hospital were 
transferred by the United States Government to the 
State authorities for the purposes of an asylum of this 
character. Situated on the river bank, some three 
miles from the city, it seemed a quiet and safe retreat 
to which the pensioners of the Cleveland Home could 
be removed. Its influence was more favorable to the 
recovery of the sick, for quiet, good nursing and the 
services of a resident physician were at their disposal. 
Above all, a permanent asylum was thus provided for 
those whose disability would probably make them 
through life dependent upon such institutions. 

The appointment of Hon. Isaac Brayton as Super- 
intendent and of Mrs. E. L. Miller, who had been 
long connected with the Aid Rooms, as Matron of the 
establishment, gave the Society another interest in its 
affairs. 

All the inmates of the Cleveland Home entitled to 
admission were sent to Columbus at the Aid Society's 
expense — the more feeble taken thither on stretchers. 
The notice was widely circulated through Northern 
Ohio that the same opportunity would be open to all 
disabled soldiers, and invitations to contribute to the 
table of the Home were extended to the Branch 
Societies by means of printed slips issued from the 
Aid Booms' press. 

Until the meeting of the Legislature, no appropri- 
ation for the support of the institution could be 

25 



386 



A HAPPY NEW YEAR. 



obtained, and the Cincinnati Brancli Sanitary Com- 
mission at once offered fifteen thousand dollars for the 
purpose. The Soldiers' Aid Society of Cleveland gave 
five thousand vrith the promise of more, if further aid 
became necessary. A condition attached to these gifts 
opened the institution to soldiers from all States. As 
the Soldiers' Home at Cleveland contracted its own 
limits, portions of its furniture were from time to time 
transferred to the Columbus asylum, with which fre- 
quent communication was maintained. The men wrote 
to their Cleveland friends, the officers of the Aid 
Society twice visited Columbus and endeavored to 
assist the institution as far as the duties of their own 
field would permit. The surplus stock of crutches 
went to the new hospital, and often an opportunity 
occurred of procuring some additional comforts for its 
inmates. A spring couch was sent to one bed-ridden 
man, and an expensive spinal brace purchased to 
enable another patient to walk about the wards. In 
several instances the expenses of the visit of a wife or 
mother to a very ill patient were defrayed from the 
Society treasury. 

On the 2d of January, 1865, the Soldiers' Aid Soci- 
ety gave a dinner to the inmates of the State Home. 
In the long lines of men ranked on either side of the 
tables were found a hundred familiar faces. Here 
were many who had recently left the care of the Cleve- 
land Home, and others, acquaintances of earlier date, 
who, through various channels, had also drifted into 
this comfortable retreat. In the hospital wards were 
again others — consumptives, cripples, paralytics — 
who had once been firmly established in the sympa- 



THE NATIONAL ASYLUM. 387 

thies of the Cleveland Sanitary Commission, but who 
as easily adapted themselves to the nevr quarters. One 
patient, helpless lad, whose long suffering was drawing 
to its close, smiled recognition from his bed, and from a 
vast green cambric tent there issued a cheery voice 
which, traced to its source, was with difficulty identified 
as belonging to a blind soldier, who — half maddened 
by acute inflammation of the eyes — had left no enviable 
record at the Cleveland Home. Even the advances of 
its steward — on soap and water and clean clothing 
bent — had been received with wrath and voluble 
indignation. But now convalescence beamed upon 
him — everything was couleur de rose. 

The officers of the Aid Society regarded the new 
institution with great interest. It continued and per- 
fected their own temporary system of relief, and close 
observation of its government proved that it offered 
a thoroughly comfortable home to disabled soldiers. 
Through its various transitions from Sanitary Com- 
mission and State to National authorities, there has 
never been occasion to reverse this first favorable 
opinion. 

In 1867, the Ohio State Soldiers' Home was turned 
over to the United States Government, removed to 
Dayton and converted into the Central National 
Asylum for Disabled Soldiers. Since this transfer it 
has been independent of external assistance. An 
arrangement had been made in October, 1865, with 
the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad 
company, Avhereby the Aid Society was enabled to 
send soldiers to the Home at reduced rates, but the 
free transportation now provided by the managers 



388 THE winter's work. 

of tlie Asylum renders further aid in this direction 
unnecessary, save in some individual cases. 

During the winter of 1865 and ^66, the Home work 
was very sensibly contracted. Occasional squads of 
discharged soldiers, from the regiments still serving in 
Texas, would present themselves as candidates for 
lodging and refreshment, and there were plenty of 
men arriving every day on their way home from the 
various hospitals. The chief service of the Home was 
now in its character as rendezvous for applicants for 
admission to the State Home, who were here supplied 
with what they needed in the way of clothing, and 
sent at the Society's expense to Columbus. 

In addition to these were a number of permanent 
inmates, a large proportion of whom were blind or 
partially so, who came to Cleveland to be under treat- 
ment. Every morning, a little procession left the 
Home for the daily visit to the oculist, the blind 
leading the blind, or groping their way by means of 
sticks and canes. Around the reception room fire a 
group of them was always found, killing the time by 
mutual experiences of war days, or discussions, per- 
haps, of the respective merits of Generals Grant and 
Sherman. 

A soldier, suffering almost beyond belief and con- 
fined to his bed for more than a year, was brought by 
his friends to the Home to take advantage of its 
nourishing food and medical aid. The comfortable 
bed, especially provided for his use, stood in the centre 
of the ward, covered with the gayest and prettiest 
album quilt that the house afforded, and its occupant 



IN THE SICK WAED. 389 

became a kind of general confidant and counsellor — 
always to be found, ready to listen, and with so few 
plans and hopes of his own to communicate. Every 
one was willing to read or talk to him, for his suffer- 
ings seemed to call forth what was kindly, even in 
ungentle natures. Once he was taken to his own 
home, at his restless desire, then, still hoping for 
recovery, he asked to be transferred to the Columbus 
Asylum. Accordingly, his bed was one day again put 
into a Avagon and taken, temporarily, to the then almost 
deserted Home. Some one going to the Aid Room 
door watched it pass — the pale face on its pillow — the 
red and blue covering fluttering in the wind — until 
the corner of the street was turned and the long hill 

— never to be repassed — descended. The Home 
steward carried him safely to Columbus, where he 
lived a few weeks and died, leaving the favorite quilt 
with its bright colors and patriotic devices to a patient 
equally unfortunate. 

His successor in the little sick ward of the Home 
was a young soldier who had been taken from the 
Infirmary of a neighboring town, where for two years 
he had lain bedridden, helpless and suffering. The 
two weeks which were passed in the Home remained 
a green spot in his dreary life, for here his scanty 
wardrobe was replenished, and all day long he might 
lie planning some new dainty, dreamed of, perhaps, 
in days of workhouse fare. In fact when he left 
the Home it was with indignation — soon repented of 

— at a limit being set to his consumption of some 
indigestible article of diet. Six weeks after his remo- 
val to Columbus, a little picture with a hymn beneath 



S9U FAITHFUL MOURNERS. 

it, set in a humble frame and given him while in 
Cleveland, was brought back to the donor, with the 
message that he had looked at it every day until the 
last. After his death a fellow soldier executed this 
last commission. 

In a wretchedly uncomfortable house on the West 
Side, a German soldier was found, sinking under a 
chronic disease of many months' duration. From the 
poverty and discomfort of his own quarters, and the 
noise of the five hungry flaxen-haired children, he was 
taken to the Home, hoping there to recruit sufficiently 
to bear the journey to the State Asylum. With him 
came the wife and eldest rosy-cheeked boy, and 
" Thank God ! it is warm here," said the woman as 
she entered the ward. Every day, mother and child 
visited the sick man, who never left the warm room 
until the dark rainy afternoon when he was carried 
out in his coffin, with the two faithful mourners 
following. In the two long days when he lay dying 
and unconscious, they had watched by him — the 
woman's hand fast clasped in his, long after it grew 
cold and unresponsive, and the eyes could recognize 
her no more. Yet she sat there still, refusing even 
to take food, until another woman's hand for a few 
moments held his, that he might not know her absence. 
As a legacy was left the care of the houseful of 
children, to feed and clothe whom, for a time, the Aid 
Society felt itself pledged. Through its Claim Agency 
a pension for mother and children was procured, which, 
with the addition of what the woman could herself 
earn, made them in future independent of other aid. 
It would be impossible within the present limits to 



GKOWIS'-UP SCHOLARS. 391 

give ev^en a passing notice to many inmates of the 
Home who, by remaining during a long period of con- 
valescence, won a larger sliare of the general interest. 
One soldier, who had lost his right arm at the bat- 
tle of Bentonville, worked his way by uniform good 
conduct to an established post in tlie institution, 
— wearing its white badge, executing innumerable 
errands, reading to tlie sick, and devoting his leisure 
moments industriously to the cultivation of left-hand 
penmanship. Through the medium of the Employ- 
ment Agency he afterwards obtained an excellent 
situation which he filled with credit. 

Another was a tall powerful German, wdio limped 
about the Home on his crutches during the slow 
process of recovery from amputation of the right leg, 
and whose absorbing occupation was the jDursuit of 
knowledge by means of sundry worn geographies, 
histories and arithmetics. Over these he toiled, hour 
after hour, with puzzled and sometimes despairing 
looks, varying the task by the vain endeavor to train 
his big clumsy fingers to imitate copy-book flourishes. 
To him the Home was indebted for varnishing and 
leathering its store of crutches. Providence — of 
whose dealings his ideas were singularly crude — had 
in store for him many misadventures. His "reise 
gepack" was stolen from him in New York, and this 
appeared to him the natural deduction: "Although 
from my youth up I have endeavored to do right, and 
have the fear of God before my eyes and in my heart, 
I now see it is of no use." After leaving the protection 
of the Home, numerous other misfortunes pursued him, 
in the endeavor to establish some business where his 



392 A DISABLED MAn's FUTURE. 

crippled condition and ambitions views conld he 
reconciled. 

One could not help pitying the bewilderment \yith 
which these poor maimed fellows regarded the future. 
Trained to labor, yet all possibility of earning a liveli- 
hood by its means removed — there was always a period 
of sad uncertainty following upon convalescence. At 
first there seemed nothinsr which a man so disabled 
could do, but in time the perplexities grew clear; honest 
desire to work discovered a path to occupation of some 
kind, and although the ordinary complement of arms 
and legs was never found to be superfluous, yet many 
a sharp-witted man made his one arm do good service 
for two. The increased invalid pension and the care- 
fully hoarded bounty of some of the more prudent 
soldiers made a little capital with which to take the 
first step in the world. It is now the opinion of those 
who have observed these cases, that most instances of 
pauperism, or of its companion evil, hand-organ grind- 
ing, in healthful though crippled subjects in ex-mili- 
tary coats, may be traced to some radical fault in the 
individuals themselves. It is seldom, if ever, necessary 
for the national uniform to be thus disgraced. For 
the temperate and honest disabled soldier who has no 
tamily, the National Asylum oilers a home, good food, 
clothing, education and the opportunity of learning 
some respectable trade, the pension meanwhile accu- 
mulating, until, on leaving the Asylum, a little nest- 
egg for future fortune is provided. 

A record should be here made of the death of 
WiLLiA^t Harrison, a member of the lath New York 
Heavy Artillery, which took place at the Home on 



UNCLAIMED. 393 

the IGth of September, 1865. Keturning to Tennessee, 
from tlie place wliere his battery was discharged, he 
was waylaid in Buffalo, N. Y., beaten and robbed of 
his pay. The shock of the loss, rather than the effect 
of injuries received, acting upon a constitution already 
enfeebled by disease, produced a prostration of mind 
and body from which he could not rally. For the 
three days after he was brought to the Soldiers' Home 
at Cleveland, he sat, half unconscious, as if overpow- 
ered by the weight of some dire calamity, and died 
on the fourth day after his arrival. In his few lucid 
moments it was discovered that he had friends in 
Morgantown and Nashville, Tenn., but none of the 
many letters announcing his death and requesting his 
family to claim his clothing, have brought answer of 
any kind. An advertisement subsequently inserted 
in one of the Nashville journals met with no more 
success. The poor fellow lies buried in Woodland 
Cemetery, in this city, and his grave is properly 
marked, in the hope that some one may one day be 
found to inquire his fate. 

It would be inexpedient to mention those against 
whose memory no honorable record stands. It was 
early discovered that the benefits of such an institution 
must to a certain degree be dispensed with little refer- 
ence to the worthiness of the applicant, but simj^ly in 
the ratio of his sufferings. The more disabled, those 
requiring material aid in every way, were sometimes, 
morally, the least deserving of any assistance. Fortu- 
nately the number of such cases is small and extends 
chiefly over the latter period of the Home's existence. 
The disbanding of the volunteer army and the gradual 



394 RESIDENT PENSIONERS. 

absorption of its members into civil life and peaceful 
pursuits, brought to tlie surface a residue of thoroughly 
disabled men, without home or friends, for whose sup- 
port the first pension was insufficient, and who, until 
the establishment of Government or State institutions, 
necessarily depended upon the Sanitary Commission. 
In this class were both bad and good men. 

As the assistance required by soldiers in transit 
became less, the wants of resident disabled men and 
their families were more urgently presented. During 
the winter and early spring a weekly allowance was 
paid to certain destitute families, and also fuel, food, 
flour and clothing issued in large quantities. Often an 
occasion offered for helping a disabled soldier over small 
accidental difficulties, as for instance, by purchasing 
for one man, crippled b}^ chronic rheumatism, the tools 
necessary to establish a cobbler's shop on a tiny scale, 
and in settling the troublesome arrears of rent for 
another whose wound had re-opened and whose earn- 
ings were consequently stopped. 

The office work still occuj^ying the time of the Aid 
Society officers, it was impossible to give every case 
presented the investigation it properly deserved, 
therefore, in applications for assistance from the fam- 
ilies of soldiers personally unknown at the Aid Rooms, 
a recommendation from a Trustee of the ward was 
required. Saturday, the day appointed for these dis- 
bursements, brought a motley assemblage of women 
and children, each with a story of hardship and dis- 
tress. As summer approached, the number was grad- 
ually reduced to a few cases which still claimed a 



FINAL DUTIES. 395 

certain degree of assistance. Especially was this 
necessary in the long sickness or convalescence from 
dangerous wounds, of soldiers whom it seemed unwise 
to remove to the State Home, and whose recovery 
appeared more fully insured by the gift of a small 
sum of money, enabling them to remain under home 
care and treatment. 

At the recommendation of Mr. M. C, Read, the 
former Sanitary Commission Agent at Nashville, Tenn., 
the sum of two hundred dollars was placed in the 
hands of General Whipple, Chief of Staff to General 
Geoege H. Thomas, for the relief of the destitute 
widows of Union soldiers in that city. This fund 
was carefully expended in aiding them to reach their 
friends, or in providing food for the more needy. A 
list of the persons relieved and a statement of each 
individual case was made out by General Whipple 
and remitted to the Aid Society. 

In February, 1866, the Home was closed, with the 
exception of a sleeping ward and reception room which 
were occupied four months longer. The corps of 
employes was dismissed and the contracted establish- 
ment placed under the charge of Geoege H. Gibson, 
who had succeeded the former superintendent and 
steward and combined the now limited duties of both 
positions. The average number of meals during this 
last stage of its existence only reached two hundred 
and fifty per month. 

After the first of June the occasional migratory 
subjects for special relief were referred to the Aid 
Rooms, lodged, as under the old system, at boarding 



396 THE HOME DISMANTLED. 

houses, and fed by means of meal tickets, representing 
a dinner at the depot coifee rooms. 

Steward Gibson, whose engagement at the Home 
had proved the value of his services, was now trans- 
ferred to the Aid Rooms as an auxiliary in the office 
work, and took the j)lace of the former porter, Timothy 
Faerell, who had so long and faithfully served the 
Society as porter and sub-shipping clerk. 

A portion of the bedding, furniture and clothing of 
the Home was transferred to the Columbus Asylum, 
and the remainder, at no little expense in cartage and 
wareroom rent, was stored away in reserve for a new 
city hospital then in contemplation, and to partially 
furnish which the Home outfit could legitimately be 
applied. This project was, however, abandoned, and 
the furniture, hardly improved by its many transpor- 
tations, was sold at auction or distributed to soldiers' 
families. The Soldiers' Home, now a battered, dingy 
building, its once new and brilliant flag torn and 
weather-stained, its tenants discharged, the occasion 
which brought it into being happily gone by, it seemed 
fit should serve no other purpose nor be associated 
with other objects or occupants. The building was 
accordingly dismantled, sold in sections as it stood, 
and speedily removed by the purchasers. 

It has been of course impossible to mention in the 
history of the Cleveland Soldiers' Home all who aided 
it, or, if unable to personally assist the officers of the 
Aid Society, with whom the responsibility of con- 
ducting the institution rested, frankly gave them their 
support and confidence. Such a record, could it be 
made, would be found only to include those who were 
thoroughly loyal. 



THE SCHOOL GIRLS' FETE. 397 

In Dr. J. S. Newberey the managers of the Home 
found always a friend and adviser. Through him, 
as Western Secretary of the Sanitary Commission, the 
Home obtained the gift of some valuable furniture for 
the wards, while the salary of the superintendent was 
for eighteen months paid from the same source. To 
Messrs. Edwards, Townsend <fe Co., who kindly 
pruned their grocery bills to suit the Aid Society 
finances; to Dr. C. S. Mackenzie, who on many occa- 
sions supplied the soldier patients with medicine 
without money and without 23rice ; to the editors and 
reporters of the Herald and Leader for almost unlim. 
ited use of their columns to narrate the incidents of the 
Home and to appeal for further contributions ; and to 
the milkman, Mr. D. Cozad, who gave his December 
bill as a Christmas box to the Home, the thanks of 
the Aid Society are hereby tendered. Nor should the 
little fete, prepared for the soldiers by the young ladies 
of Miss Lhstda T. Guilford's school, be omitted in this 
record — when the ever present spirit of departed coffee, 
which haunted the dining room, was rej)laced by the 
perfume of flowers and fruit, the hurried blue-coated 
waiters supplanted by young, merry, white dressed 
girls, and an ideal banquet — delicious but unsubstan- 
tial — served to the soldier guests. 

After the close of the Home the history of the 
Special Relief work flows naturally into that of the 
Claim Agency, which afforded the channel for its 
further extension. 



398 COLLECTION OF WAR CLAIMS. 

THE CLAIM AGENCY. 

The gratuitous collection of soldiers' claims upon 
the Government formed, even in tlie earlier part of 
the war, an important feature in the Sanitary Com- 
mission work. 

The agents in charge of the Homes at Nashville, 
Washington and other points near the fields of mili- 
tary operations, found that a large proportion of the 
men discharged from hospital required aid in obtaining 
a settlement of their claims for pay or bounty. Some- 
times this arose from defects in their discharge papers, 
and often merely through ignorance of the proper 
form in which such claims should be presented. In 
all cases the Commission's agents assisted to push 
these claims to settlement, and the estimated amount 
collected for soldiers at the Homes exceeds two million 
five hundred thousand dollars. 

In 1863, an Agency was established at Washington 
for the systematic prosecution of this branch of the 
S2:)ecial Relief service, and in 1865, its operations were 
extended, through the establishment of numerous local 
Sub-Agencies for the collection of claims. 

At these offices all claims presented were accepted, 
without regard to their probable merit, and trans- 
mitted to the Central Bureau. To this duty and the 
requirement of furnishing the proof necessary to sub- 
stantiate the claim, the sub-agent's responsibility was 
limited. 

The office at Cleveland, O., under charge of Wil- 
liam H. Gaylord, Esq., filed one hundred and ninety 
claims through the Central Bureau in the eight months 
of its existence, from May, 1865, to January, 1866. 



THE CLEYELAXD AGENCY. 399 

Altliougli not reporting to the Cleveland Branch 
Sanitary Commission, the local Agency brought to its 
notice many cases where relief coulcl be properly 
extended to needy claimants, pending the adjustment 
of their claims for pay, bounty or pension. Often the 
aid could be more judiciously given through the appli- 
cant's admission to the Soldiers' Home, sometimes by 
transportation to his own home, and, again, by advanc- 
ing small sums of money, from time to time, to meet 
the necessities of his family. 

On the 1st of January, 1S6G, all the local offices 
were closed, their books and accounts transferred to 
the Central Bureau, and due notice given that no new 
claims would be received by the Sanitary Commission 
Agency. 

An arrangement was made with Mr. W. F. Bascom, 
then in charge of the General Office, to prosecute the 
claims on file to settlement. 

At this time the Cleveland Branch Sanitary Com- 
mission, foreseeing that some confusion and perhaps 
misunderstanding must arise from the abrupt closing 
of the local Agency, determined, by advice of Dr. New- 
berry, to emj^loy a portion of its remaining fund in 
receiving new claims, and in settling those already 
filed in the Departments. Among the many plans 
suggested for the disposal of this sum, none seemed 
more directly to benefit the soldier for whose relief 
the money was at first contributed. 

Mr. Gaylord was engaged to continue in charge of 
the Agency until June 1st, 1866. The question of 
extending the business beyond that date remained 
contingent upon the passage of the various pension 



400 NEW LAWS. 

and bounty bills under consideration in the Senate 
and House of Eepresentatives. The number of claims 
received during these four months was small, and 
would hardly have authorized continuing the office 
beyond the stipulated time. The bill increasing pen- 
sion to soldiers disabled to a certain degree was passed 
June 6th, 1866, and soon followed by the Additional 
Bounty Act and the bill granting pensions to each 
minor child of a deceased soldier. This seemed to 
decide the importance of a gratuitous Claim Agency. 

Mr. Gaylord was prevented by his personal engage- 
ments from remaining longer in charge of the office, 
and consequently resigned his position on the 1st of 
June. In giving him an honorable discharge from 
their service, the Aid Society lost a faithful Agent, 
whose uniform kindness and courtesy to the claimants 
particularly fitted him to represent the Sanitary Com- 
mission. 

Jaspee E. Williams, Esq., was appointed to succeed 
Mr. Gaylokd, and entered immediately upon the 
duties of the office. 

It was proposed to somewhat revise the system under 
which business had hitherto been conducted. The 
Sanitary Commission Bureau had allowed its Agents to 
advertise their services to so limited a degree that, to 
the mass of discharged soldiers, the existence of such 
offices for the collection of claims was unknown. The 
Aid Society, desiring to extend as widely as possible 
the offer of its services, caused advertisements of the 
gratuitous character of its Claim Agency to be inserted 
for the six months following the 1st of June, 1866, in 
the Cleveland daily journals, and in all the county 



A FLOOD OF APPLICATIONS. 401 

papers throughout Northern Ohio. In addition to 
this, Mr. Williams went at once to Columbus to 
receive the claims for bounty and pension of the 
inmates of the Ohio State Home for Disabled Soldiers. 

In anticipation of the passage of the Additional 
Bounty Act, several hundred soldiers' discharges were 
received and deposited in the Aid Room safe, with 
the 23romise that due notice should be sent the own- 
ers when their aj^plications could be properly filed. 
Many of the claimants unfortunately departed in 
happy assurance of having fulfilled their whole duty 
in the matter, and promptly called for the money in 
a few weeks' time, or wrote to request that the check 
should be forwarded to a given address. 

A notary was employed in the office, which relieved 
the claimant from the fees ordinarily incurred in 
making out his papers, while all the additional evi- 
dence required was obtained at the Agency exj)ense, 
save in a few cases where it could more readily be 
procured by the claimants themselves. 

Applications flowed in from every quarter — from 
former inmates of the Soldiers' Home — from appli- 
cants once registered on the books of the Employment 
Agency — men who had reason to trust any phase of 
Sanitary Commission work. There were also a few 
prudent souls who came to assure themselves of the 
firmness of the basis on which this gratuitous Claim 
Agency was established, before entrusting their cases 
to its care. 

There were, naturally, twice as many claims pre- 
sented as could be filed with any reasonable hope of 
success — although the Sanitary Commission's rules 

26 



402 " NOT ENTITLED.' 

were niiicli more flexible than those of the ordinary 
claim agent, whose fee depends upon his success. 
There were so many excellent reasons why they should 
all have pensions and bounties — they had served the 
stipulated time, with the exception of a few weeks or 
months — they had been discharged for disability and 
were permanent invalids — they were poor — were 
sick — had been good soldiers — the women had lost 
their sole support in sons, husbands, brothers. One 
poor creature says, when informed that she could not 
claim the bounty for a dead son, "My life has been 
made up of just such disappointments." This is a 
sample of others: "I had two sons die in the army, 
which part of my dependence and support were. John 
died at Nashville, Tenn., and Benjamin at Milliken's 
Bend, La. John was twenty-three and Benjamin 
seventeen years old. I have a husband, but he is very 
old, has poor health and can't stand to work any more 
to support me. I am feeble and our support and 
dependence is gone. They always supported us and 
sent money home when they were in the army. I 
want to have you get a pension for us, as we are 
getting old." 

There are volumes of these liistories of military ser- 
vice, dates and circumstances of dischai"2-e — misfor- 
tunes, disability — want of employment — griefs and 
losses — potent arguments for the Government bounty 
being extended to them, and for the Sanitary Com- 
mission assisting them in obtaining it. Had the 
said Agency been elected judge of such pleas, all the 
anxious correspondents might have been satisfied. As 
it was, half, at least, of their letters were marked with 
the disappointing endorsement — " Not entitled," 



ADDITIONAL BOUNTY ACT. 403 

, On the 1st of October, the Committee appointed to 
frame regulations for the payment of bounties under 
the new Act, made its report, and the discharges which 
had been reposing in the Agency safe were brouo-ht 
to light. Notifications were sent their owners to 
appear at the ofiice with witnesses to make out their 
applications, and this summons was repeated on four 
or five distinct occasions, as, in the two months which 
had elapsed since the passage of the bill, many of the 
claimants had changed their address, and responded 
very much at their leisure when the notice finally 
reached them. The Committee's rej)ort limited still 
more the class who were entitled under the letter of 
the law to the national bounty. It also, at first, pro- 
hibited the employment of an agent in the collection 
of these claims, but, as this provision could not affect 
a gratuitous agency, some advantage in point of time 
was gained by the Sanitary Commission office, whose 
cases were rapidly filed before the removal of the 
restrictions allowed others to enter the field. 

This strict interpretation of the law by the Com- 
mittee, and the later and still more stringent decisions 
of the Comptroller of the Treasury, excluded from its 
benefits many who seemed at first unquestionably 
entitled to claim them. Especially was this true in 
the case of parents of soldiers dying after the passage 
of the Act, or before their claims, already entered, had 
been adjusted. 

The "Increase of Invalid Pension" claims were easily 
adjusted; little evidence was required and speedy set- 
tlement made. Not so the cases coming under the 
law which granted an additional pension to a soldier's 



404 INCREASE OF PENSION-. 

widow for each minor child. The rules first issued 
from the Pension Office, prescribing the form of these 
applications, were found insufficient, and further, 
stricter requirements were ordered by the Commis- 
sioner. Every woman had promptly and confidently 
sworn, on the first paper, to what she and her neigh- 
bors believed to be the correct ages of her children. 
But when required to support this statement by further 
and positive proof, confusion and perplexities ensued. 
Church records were overhauled — sometimes found 
missing — family bibles brought to light — defective 
memories belabored, and memoranda consulted. Many 
a mother, in perfect good faith, swore to three different 
ages for each of her children, and one poor woman, in 
despair of better proof, offered to bring her little girls 
to the office that their ages might be guessed at. The 
fees expended in sending for the necessary affidavits 
in these cases — in rectifying blunders — and swallow- 
ing unlimited amounts of well-attested words — were 
three-fold greater than were required in all other 
claims. 

It had early been found necessary to increase the 
clerical force employed in the Agency, and still further 
to add to it, as the sudden and serious illness of Mr. 
Williams obliged him to withdraw from the office 
work. 

The Aid Society was fortunate in engaging Messrs. 
Samuel M. Eddy, Charles L. Cutter and Alfred G. 
Wilcox, who most faithfully and intelligently per- 
formed the obligations of the new business — which 
from its temporary character could not permanently 
command the services of any. In addition to these 



HSrDIGJTANT EPISTLES. 405 

who were at different periods employed, the time of 
the Aid Room j^orter was often occupied in the minor 
details of the work, and Mr. Williams' special clerk, 
Mr. H. R. Sackett, constantly engaged. 

The secretary and treasurer of the Society, still 
unable to delegate the responsibility of the Agency, 
remained during this year in constant connection with 
its duties. 

The claims were hardly filed when some of the 
clouds which must habitually darken the existence of 
a war-claim agent gathered over the Sanitary Com- 
mission office. It is believed that many who entrusted 
their claims to it, considered the Sanitary Commission 
endowed with sujDerhuman powers to direct the move- 
ments of the Dei^artments, and to expedite the routine 
of Government clerks and paymasters. That it did 
not at once revolutionize the system of the Paymaster 
General, for the payment of bounties, created surj)rise 
and distrust in some worthy breasts, and this feeling 
found vent in numerous threatening and indignant 
epistles. One man thought, "They have had time 
anoff To of seteled this thing np if they ever was 
agoing to. If you have any obligations there, it seems 
to me that it might bee got some way. I think I have 
kept cool long anoof." Another: "It seems to me, 
sir, you have had good time if you had used any 
diligence." Even this was hardly consoling : " It does 
seem a very slow and long process of aid the soldier 
gets for his services. I have every confidence in you, 
and firmly believe you will do all you can to see that 
I am fairly dealt with, but I have made a complaint 
to "Washington on account of my delay and shall soon 
know the cause." 



406 REMONSTRANCES. 

Even these, though aDnoying and useless, could be 
borne, supported by a sense of inward rectitude, and 
inability to improve the existing state of affairs, but 
another class of remonstrances had greater weight, 
addressed, as they Avere, to a Society having for its 
object the interest of soldiers and soldiers' widows. 
" Ex23ecting the money every day, I am sick and my 
little girl is sick. I have had to give up work entirely. 
I am out of money and have no wood." " I am just 
starting in business and want all the money I can get." 
"I came here to school, thinking of course I should 
get my pension this fall." " Don't put me off until 
the last, for I have no good hand to work with and 
need the money badly." " Do try and get it for me 
if you can, for I stand greatly in need of it." And 
another woman, feelingly but mysteriously, remarks: 
" Think how you would feel if you w^as taken away 
and them left to make a living in this world by such 
hard work." " I am really suffering, and were it not 
for my wife would be in the poor house. And so, for 
the sake of all that is right, have the matter pushed 
through." " I wish you would do what you can for 
me, as I am in poor circumstances and am suffering 
much from sickness, with no prospect of ever getting 
well, as my lungs are badly affected." 

To some unquiet beings the requirement of any 
additional evidence in their claims was a true griev- 
ance, and, oddly enough, construed into distrust, on 
the part of the Government, of their individual asser- 
tions. One woman insists : " Mr. Jones says there is 
no need of filling out so many papers. I am tired of 
it." Another, with dignity, decides: "If they don't 



DESTITUTE CLIENTS. 407 

want to pay me that bounty money on my certificate 
whicli I have ah^eady signed, why they may just keep 
it. There is some loss or wrong about it." Another 
woman's confidence in the stability of the Agency was 
entirely shaken by the fact that the former Agent had 
"riz up from the business," over which reflection she 
shed frequent and copious tears. And yet the way of 
claimants of the Sanitary Commission was made smooth 
as possible. There were no incidental expenses in 
their cases, nor fee of any kind. 

There was frequent and great temptation to advance 
a portion of the expected pension or bounty to some 
of the destitute clients, and in several instances this 
was done, but experience proved the impracticability 
of opening a door which could not again be closed 
and might lead to embarrassing consequences. Many 
opportunities were, however, afibrded the Aid Society 
of relieving those claimants whose necessities were 
personally known to it, by gifts of clothing and bed- 
ding from the surplus hospital stores, and sometimes 
by a weekly allowance of money, given, not loaned 
them. In this way the Agency became not only the 
medium for the honest and gratuitous collection of 
claims, but also, to some extent, the channel for dis- 
covering and relieving the temporary wants of the 
applicants. The sufi:ering sometimes caused through 
delay in the settlement of pension claims was deeply 
felt by the Aid Society, and many attempts were 
made to soften the disappointment and make clear 
the pressing perplexities. Because this office could 
not be deputed to others, any more than could the 
responsibility of watching and ensuring the interests 



408 CHANGE OF AGENT. 

of tlie claimants, the Aid Society was unwilling to 
accept any of the numerous propositions to contract 
with an agent for the settlement of the business, 
although such an arrangement might possibly have 
reduced the office expenses. 

Three applications for pension, which had been 
previously rejected as not fulfilling the requirements 
of the Department, were granted by special Act of 
Congress, in view of certain circumstances connected 
with the claims w^hich rendered them morally, though 
not legally, valid. In securing these the kind services 
of General Gaefield and Hon. R. P. Spalding were 
employed. 

On the 1st of January, 1867, nearly nineteen hun- 
dred claims had been already received, and it was the 
decision of the Aid Society to take no new cases, save 
those to whose collection it was pledged. Quite a 
number of discharges still remained on hand, whose 
owners had not yet appeared to make out the papers 
necessary to accompany them. Notice of the close of 
the Agency, except for the settlement of the cases it 
had already filed, was given through the Northern 
Ohio papers. 

On the 1st of the following June, Mr. Williams, 
who had brought both talent and energy to his brief 
work, finding his health unequal to the task of 
resuming its duties, resigned his position in the 
Agency, much to the regret of his employers. He 
was succeeded by Mr. Milo B. Stevens, who had 
already had several years' experience in this business, 
and who was thoroughly competent to undertake its 
entire charge. 



SATISFACTOEY RESULTS. 409 

It was believed that the Agency could be saved 
some expense by paying Mr. Stevens so much per 
claim and allowing him to receive new cases upon his 
own responsibility. This arrangement was accord- 
ingly entered upon, July 1st, 1867, those having 
applications filed through the Agency, being notified 
of the change through a circular, which also clearly 
stated that the Sanitary Commission had no connec- 
tion with new business assumed by Mr. Stevens. 

Although, owing to the unexpected complications 
before mentioned, the Claim Agency had to bear 
the test of some inexperience in its directors, it was 
still the instrument of much good, recognized and 
acknowledged by the great body of its clients. No 
portion of the Aid Society's work occasioned it more 
anxiety or a deeper feeling of responsibility. The 
slow and tedious process of the adjustment of claims 
seemed to the Society officers, anxious to wind up 
their six and a half years' work, to have no termina- 
tion, and threatened to drag its weary length into the 
next possible war. Throughout the Agency's entire 
history the soldiers' interests were scrupulously con- 
sulted, nor did they suffer, it is hoped, from the various 
annoyances which oppressed and harrassed the officers 
of the Aid Society. 

That the results of the Agency's work were satis- 
factory to its claimants there is recorded proof. This 
is often in the form of simj)le expressions of appreci- 
ation, but sometimes the glow of grateful feeling, 
expanding, comprehends even the nation in its embrace. 
One man considers that the service performed for him 
"has entirely refuted the argument that republics are 



410 THE agency's eeward. 

ungrateful." Another entlmsiastically writes : " Words 
cannot express my thanks for this favor. I think a 
republican form of government the best under the sun. 
Were I called to it, my own life would be but little 
worth could I help the country." 

But the most satisfactory result of the Agency's 
work was not in the expressed acknowledgments of 
its clients, but in the consciousness that the pension 
or bounty could go to its owner, untouched and entire 
in its amount, — ^ burdened by no expense of any kind. 
The pleasure of finally conveying to widow, orphan 
or disabled soldier the national bounty — so anxiously 
waited for, so often necessarily anticipated — was too 
great to require verbal expressions of thanks to com- 
plete its measure. Many of the wants and necessi- 
ties which waited upon the crippled soldier before 
his name was placed uj)on the pension rolls, were 
well known to the Aid Society officers, and they 
shared the joy and relief which the fortunate decision 
brought. 

The whole number of claims filed through the 
Agency of the Cleveland Branch Sanitary Commission 
amounted to eighteen hundred and ninety. A classi- 
fied list of these cases, and a detailed statement of the 
expenses of the Agency, will be found in Appendix D 
of this volume. At the date of this writing, Novem- 
ber, 1868, nineteen cases remain unsettled, awaiting 
the action of the Paymaster General. The total esti- 
mate of the amount collected for soldiers through the 
Claim Agency is nearly three hundred thousand dol- 
lars, averaging a j)ension case at the value of five 
years' payment. The claims have been adjusted at 



A SERVICE ACCOMPLISHED. 411 

a saving to the soldiers of over seventeen thousand 
dollars, taking as a standard the ordinary legal 
charges of claim agents, exclusive of notarial fees and 
other incidental expenses. The amount expended for 
such items was a large additional sum. 

No cases have ever been intentionally taken from 
the hands of another agent, save in three or four 
instances at the positive direction of the claimant. 
The Agency in its own relations has not been so for- 
tunate, occasionally finding itself the fifth wheel to 
the coach, after long and patient labor. 

A few cases have been abandoned as Avorthless, and 
a number of bounty cases rejected on the closer read- 
ing of the Act, but the great majority of claims have 
been granted, the money paid to the owners and the 
Treasury Orders collected. Proper receipts for the 
discharges and checks have been taken and carefully 
filed for preservation in the records of the Cleveland 
Branch Sanitary Commission. 

With the close of the Claim Agency, the mission of 
the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio is accom- 
plished. The United States Government has not left 
the men disabled in its service to depend upon chari- 
table institutions for future suj^port. These served 
their purpose in the interval which elapsed before 
permanent measures could be organized. General 
laws, it is true, can not cover every individual case; 
and instances of suffering, which are not reached by 
established provisions, may occur, but these exceptions 
have a security against want in the sympathy of loyal 
hearts which have always readily recognized their 



412 SPECIAL RELIEF EECORD. 

claim. The liberal pension and the National Asylums 
are the crutches which the Government provides for 
its crippled soldiers. They can not compensate for 
loss, but with industry, temperance and manly inde- 
pendence, a disabled man finds these supports — which 
he has honorably earned and to which "he is legally 
entitled — sufficient to insure exemption from private 
charity. 

There remains, then, nothing further for a Sanitary 
Commission to do. Individually, there is a duty to 
be fulfilled by every one who acknowledges the 
national indebtedness to those who lost so much in 
the Union's brave defence. To be clothed and fed 
can not accomplish the whole ambition of any man, 
however disabled. To assist his honest labor, and to 
consider his disability as a title to consideration and 
friendly aid, opens a wide field for future and indi- 
vidual duty. 

The general results of the Special Relief work of 
the Cleveland Branch Sanitary Commission may be 
thus summed up: From its inception, April 20th, 
1861, to the present date, sixty thousand five hundred 
and ninety-two persons are registered as having, indi- 
vidually, received aid through its means. This record 
includes those who were relieved in the Home and 
Depot Hospital, at the Aid Society Rooms and through 
the Employment and Claim Agencies. No record of 
such a service can be complete. It was often possible 
to give and impossible to register, and — especially 
in the Hospital Inquiry Department — many small 
services, which occupied the time and a portion of the 
funds of the Society, are not in proper shape to be 



THE HOME AEMY. 413 

recorded. One hundred and twelve thousand one 
hundred and twenty-seven meals were given, and 
thirty thousand lodgings provided. Transportation 
was also furnished to iifteen hundred and fourteen 
men. An estimate of the medical attendance and of 
the number of wounds dressed at the Home is scarcely 
possible. 

A tabular statement of the entire Special Relief 
work, which also classifies the recipients of this aid 
and exhibits the expense of the whole service, will be 
found in Appendix B of this volume. 

In a history which details the Special Relief work 
in the home field, the part which those took in the 
war who could only aid it by their time, their means 
and their prayers, is necessarily brought out in per- 
haps stronger relief than even the far nobler sacrifice 
of the brave soldiers, which must, save in its grand 
results, be to so great an extent unrecorded. And 
yet to no others, as to those who, by their connection 
with the Sanitary Commission work, were constantly 
associated with the men forming the armies of the 
Republic, can their true character be so thoroughly 
known. In their Soldiers' Homes, they saw suffering 
patiently endured, heard not even one vindictive word 
from those who had borne most cruel treatment at the 
hands of the rebels, and daily recognized patriotism, 
true and well-proven. They to whom the care of 
expressing to these men the grateful appreciation, the 
loving sympathy of the great reserve force at home, 
was committed, represented thousands of others less 
happy in having to delegate this privilege. This 
history is therefore addressed to them, and the soldiers' 



414 AN AMPLE RECOMPENSE. 

own words have been frequently employed, — which, in 
a merely personal narrative, had been hardly fitting, — 
that they might witness to the manner in which so 
many offerings have been applied. One acknowledge- 
ment of real benefit received — one such admission as 
this : " But for your care he must have died," is ample 
recompense to all who shared this service for any of 
its sacrifices, if they can claim or deserve the name. 



APPENDIX. 



APPENDIX A. 



('ASH AND SUPPLY REPORT 



418 APPENDIX A. 

TREASURER'S REPORT 



ELLEN F. TERRY, Treasurer, 

III Acc't with Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio. 

Dr. 



To Contributions for general purposes $ 14,627 42 

" Soldiers' Home - - 3,097 39 

" Membership fees _ - - - - - 3,813 17 

" Cash received from Treasurer of Northern Ohio Sanitary Fair 76,245 49 

" Estimated value of vegetables received from Sanitary Fair . _ 2,400 00 

" Cash from U. S. Sanitary Commission, (California Fund,) 10,000 00 

" Value of purchases made for Sanitary Commission. 42,730 18 

" Proceeds of Concerts and Exhibitions 3,987 31 

" Interest and Premium on U. S. Bonds. . _ 3,373 21 

■• Casli received from City Committee, July 4th, 1865 379 60 

" " " " Reception Committee 118th O. V. 1 205 00 

" Company Savings Co. E., 22d V. R. C 66 60 

" Insurance Company Dividends 30 50 

" Sale of Home and furniture. Commissary stores and other 

articles donated for sale 1,705 57 

" Loans repaid by soldiers — - 396 24 

" Cash on deposit and effects of deceased soldiers 768 31 

" Cash for purchase of material on order of Branch Societies .. 4,384 48 

" Repayment of freight charges 888 30 

" " " charges on bodies of soldiers. 1,830 60 

" Cash for registering discharges 12 80 



Total _ . . .$170,942 17 



APPENDIX A. 41 'J 

FKOiM APRIL 20, 18(11, TO JANUAKY 1. 1H«'J. 



ELLEN F. TERRY, Treastjiier, 

In An-'t imth SoLDiEits' Aid Society of Northern Ohio. 
Cr. 



By purchase of materials for hospital garments | 48,758 90 

" " " vegetables and Sanitary stores 7,184 46 

" " " nails, hoops, packing-cases and tools 1,649 73 

" " " stationery, record-books, blanks and postage 

stamps _ 1,146 75 

" expenses of Special Relief service :^,63o 86 

" Depot Hospital and Soldiers' Home 35,116 24 

" " " Hospital Steamer Lancaster, (see page 50,) 1,100 00 

"Claim Agency 6,784 23 

" " " Concerts and Exhibitions 569 76 

" " " removing bodies of soldiers 1,913 10 

" paid porter's salary and for extra services, cleaning, painting, 

barreling potatoes, cooperage, gas and water fitting 3,615 41 

" paid rent, insurance, and office expenses, including wood, 

coal, gas and stoves 2,964 37 

" paid for printing and advertising 2,493 41 

'■ " to Ohio State Soldiers' Home.. 5,317 42 

" " salary of Miss Mahan for thirty-two months 1,504 00 

" " salary of Mrs. E. L. Miller for twenty-one months 814 00 

" " for freight and cartage 5,73191 

" purchases made on order U. S. Sanitary Commission 42,219 77 

" paid to U. S. Christian Commission, per order. . _ 

" " on account publishing History 

" " " " Sanitary Fair 

" expenses of printing office 

" loss on uncurrent money — - - 

" cash on deposit refunded to soldiers — 

" estimated value of vegetables from Sanitary Fair. 

Total ...-|166,755 19 

Balance on hand January 1st, 1869, deposited in Merchants' 
National Bank, Cleveland, subject to order of expenses of 
publishing History and settling remaining war claims 4,186 98 



11 25 


700 00 


101 25 


213 58 


101 78 


709 01 


2,400 00 



Total. $170,942 17 



ELLEN F. TERRY, Treasurer. 



1 have examiufl the books and accouuts ut the '" Soldiers' Aid Society of 

Northern Ohio," submitted by Miss Teriiy, its Treasurer, and find them 

kept with great accuracy, showing tlie results as set forth in the foregoing 

exhibit. 

T. P. HANDY. 
Clkvkland, January 1st, ISG'J. 



APPENDIX A. 



4^1 



8 T A T E M E N T 



Of Suppliex hs.ued hi; the SoUUtrs Aid Society of -Xorthern Ohio. 



BEDDING AND CLOTHING. 



Articles. 



Issued. 



Blankets 

Bed Sacks 

Bedsowus 

Boots aud Shoes pairs! 

Buttons groBsj 

Calico yards ] 

Coats, Pants and Vi:sts 

Comforts and Quilts 

Cotton Ba t tiui;. bales 

Drawers, Cotton pai rs i 

Drawers, Flannel pairs j 

Dressing Gowns [ 

Flannel yards i 

Green Holland "yards j 

Haudkerchiot's and Towels .' | 

Hats and Caps 

Havclooks i 

Haversacks : 

Mittens pairs 

Mosquito Bars ( 

Neckties and Collars I 

Pillows 1 

Pillow Cases 

Shawls j 

Sheets 

Shirts, Cotton | 

Shirts, Flannel. \ 

Slippers pairs 

Socks pairs 




1,496 

9,132 

.■»4 

132 

60 

227 

."!,b98 

13,473 

11 

14,338 

4(i,145 

3,000 

l(i8 

21 

123,840 

3.285 

1.200 

34 

5,440 

9 

835 

93,164 

48,560 

5 

25.511 

37,9a5 

35,645 

5,441 

32,698 

69 

176 

112 



Value. 



Total 



5 5,984 00 

31,902 00 

1,416 00 

283 75 

36 00 

90 80 

11,896 85 

53,892 00 

110 00 

35,845 00 

115.362 50 

12,000 00 

84 00 

22 55 

30,960 00 

1.71100 

600 00 

17 00 

2,720 00 

22 50 

908 10 

.34,746 00 

24,280 00 

20 00 

.51,022 00 

104,458 75 

98,023 75 

2,723 00 

24,523 35 

120 00 

88 00 

5m 

$frl5,2;M 50 






APPENDIX A. 



HOSPITAL FURNITURE AND SURGEON'S SUPPLIES. 



Articles. 



Adhesive Plaster yards 

Arm Rests 

Awnings 

Baggage Checks pairs 

Bandages lbs. 

Bandage Machines 

Baskets 

Bath Tubs 

Bath Brick 

Beds, Feather 

Bed Pans 

Bedsteads, Iron 

Bedsteads, wooden 

Blackboards 

Blacking papers 

Book Case 

Books and Pamphlets 

Bow" 



Issued. 



Brass Chain yards 

Bread Knives 

Brooms 

Brushes, Scrub 

Brushes, Stencil 

Brushes, Whitewash 

Buckets 



Bureau 

Butchers' Steels and Knives 

Camphor lbs. 

Candles lbs. 

Candlesticks 

Canes 

Carpel yards I 



Castors, Dinner. 
Cauldrons, Iron. 
Chairs 



Chairs, Rocking 

Charcoal lbs. 

Chlor. Lime lbs. 

Chop Bowls and Knives. 

Clo?ks 



Clothes Lines 

Clothes Pins gross 

Clothes Wringers 

Coal Hods 

Coftee Mills. 

Coflins 



(Jombs and Brushes 

Compresses lbs. 

Corks gross 

Cork Press 

Corkscrews 

Cots 



Crockery, Plates 

C^rockery, Vegetable Dishes . 
Crutches 



Cullenders 

Cups and Saucers .. 

Curtains 

Cushions and Pads. 

Deerskin 

Desks 



.pairs 



Dinner Bell 

Dippers 

Disinfectants lbs. 

Door Mats 

Dust Brushes and Pans 

Envelopes 

Eye Shades 

Fans 

Faucets 

Feathers lbs. 

Fingerstalls 



22 

9,tXK) 

5 

104 

•n,550 

I 

'.'5 
o 

S 

8 

55 

50 

2tJ 

15 

1 

iyi),420 

1,282 

19 

1.3 

113 

59 

33 



1 

9 

13 

103 
53 

3:« 

50 

41 

'2 

325 
(i 
2 

2a5 

3 
o 

4 
(i 



1,975 

31,490 

59 

1 

25 

85 

2,267 

37 

3,000 

3 

100 

111 

25,983 

1 

8 

1 

41 

15 



70,915 

MO 

2,577 

4 

20 

37 



Value. 
; 1100 

1,000 00 
30 50 

18 00 
3,943 75 

50 
10 00 

14 00 
130 

100 00 
55 00 

250 00 
92 00 
10 00 

1 50 
90 00 

19,049 60 

192 00 

3 85 

585 

48 95 

15 25 

8 00 
3 00 

19 80 
10 00 
17 50 

050 
30 90 

13 25 
85 00 

50 00 

51 75 
80 00 

:352 75 
:«00 

3 00 
27 50 

2 00 
40 00 

150 

300 

10 00 

14 00 
1125 
89 00 

192 50 

3,937 00 

13 00 

50 

9 50 
255 00 
150 50 

94 05 
4.599 55 

4 50 
8 40 

134 05 
0,495 75 

5 00 

197 00 
50 

17 05 

15 00 
755 

10 00 
.394 95 
lt;i 50 

198 35 
100 

19 50 

3 70 



Carried forward 



$42,444 15 



APPENDIX A. 



423 



HOSPITAL FURNITURE, ETC.— Continued. 



Abticles. 



Issued. 



Brought forward - 

Flat Irons 

Flesh Forks 

Funnels 

(James 



Ciraters - - 

(4reen Spectacles - pair^ 

( Jumarabic - - - 

Hatchets and Hammers 

Housewives 

India Rubber Cloth vard^ 

Ink 



Ink Stands 

Knives and Forks 
Kanips 



.pints 



Lampblack _ lbs. 

Lamp Oil - - - - - gallons 

Lanterns 

Lime - bbls. 

Lint - -- - - lbs. 

Liquorice _ . _ lbs. 

Locks and Padlocks _ 

Looking Glasses _ . _ 

Lounges 

Lumber - M. 

Maps - - 

Matches gross 

Match Safes _ 

Matting yard; 



Mattres 
Mops 



Mouse Traps 

Nails. lbs. 

Needles papers 

( )il Cloth yards 

Oil Silk yards 

Paint.... - .lbs. 

Pans, Baking 

Patent Medicine, Bottles 

Pens boxes 

I'encils 

Pepper Boxes. 
Pins _. 



Pincushions . 

Pipes 

Pitchers 

Pi 



.paper! 



'umps 



Rubber Moulding fee t 

Safe 

Salt Cellars 

Salve .boxes 

Saws 

Scales .pairs 

Scissors 

Sconces 

Screens 

Shingles. M 

Shovels 

Slates 



Slings 

Soap, Hard .lbs 

Soap, Soft bbls 

Spittoons 

Splints _ 

Sponge 

Spools Thread 

Spoons 

Stationery 

Stencil IMates 

Step Ladders 

Stone Jugs 



.lbs 



11 



IT 
s.()2!t 

13 

.■^ 

•i5 

1.41(i 

o 

(i 

4 

4 

4 

3.31S 

« 

58 

1.5 

'My, 

12 

(i 

110 

lil.) 

21 

3 

4..J81 

2ti9 

14 

22 

11 

U 

(iT() 

28 

85- 

3 

100 

16.0.58 

78 

31 

74 
1 

7!» 

200 

I 



.J 
4 

48 '/2 

11 
45 

S(«) 

3,33!t 

11 

:M2 

10 
:W0 

2.728 

70 
1 

a49 



Value. 

$42,444 15 

5 80 
(HI 
ill) 

111 2.5 

1 (55 

3 00 

15 00 

12 25 

2.(X17 25 

12 00 

77 00 

12.50 

20f) f)5 

I .51) 

1 85 

3 70 

4 75 

6 00 
431 35 

3 00 
40 40 

14 75 
40 00 

1.810 00 

5 00 

7 00 
1 50 

116.50 
780 00 

4 60 
00 

329 05 
33 65 
20 25 

15 75 
600 

27 75 

495 10 

24 00 

42 90 

45 

10 00 

1.TO5 80 

19 50 
12 65 

12 25 

9 ai 
115 00 

5 20 

20 00 

8 .35 
23 75 
18 i)0 

5 00 

13 00 
120 25 

5 (X) 

4 .50 

2(X) 00 

667 80 

47 20 

I 123 40 

4 20 

10 00 
.51 00 

104 00 

968 00 

, 1 14 (Ml 

5 00 
I 7610 



Cavrii'd forward 



*53.549 7(1 



424 APPENDIX A. 

HOSPITAL FURNITURE, ETC.— Coktinced. 



Abticles. 



Brought forward 

Stoves, Cook 

Stoves, Fire ; 

Stove Castings uud Tmmmings 

Stove Pipe 

Stretchers 

Surgical Brace 

Tables 

Tablecloths 

Teapots 

Tin Boilers 

Tin Cups 

Tin Pails 

Tin Pans 

Tin Plates - 

Tin Steamers 

Trnss . 



Tumblers - 

Turpentine - gallons 

Twine and Kope lbs. 

Varnish - qi^'H'ts 

Waiters 

Wardrobes 



Wash Basins 



Wash Boards 

Wash Bowls and Pitchers 

Wash Machines 

Wash Stands 

Wash Tubs 

Water Casks 

Water Coolers 

Windows 

W^ire Covers 

Wire Cloth -- - ....yards 



Issued. 


Value. 




$53,549 70 


3 


100 00 


n 


230 00 




20 00 


1 


104 80 


1 1 


5 00 


! 1 


-10 40 


i '■-• 


47 00 


1 'il 


1!)S8.'. 


I 18 


10 35 


1 11 


73 00 


1 1.14:i 


■ (n^o 


20 


13 00 


23 


28 75 


8.S5 


8 8o 


3 


20 00 


1 1 


i 12 00 


i 48 


{) 45 


48 


23 25 


120 


07 50 


:> 


3 50 


' 3 


3 50 


(> 


85 00 


3<W 


73 15 





75 


4 


2 50 


1 


00 


3 


11 00 


.1 


il '^.5 


.) 


20 50 


3 


25 00 


.")S 


134 00 


.") 


2 00 


•> 


5 00 



Total 



$55,017 45 



ARTICLES OF DIET AND DELICACIES. 



Articles. 



^y g crallons 

Apples'."" bushels 

Apples, Dried - - - -lbs. 

Apple Butter gallons 

Barley r"}-^- 

Beans buslu;!^ 

Beef, Concentrated. - lbs. 

Beef, Corned - --- bs. 

Beef, Dried b^^- 

Beef, Fresh ----}^^'-- 

Beets ---- \'-^''}'f'' 

Brandy - bottles 

Bread p*- 

Broma - \\>^- 

Buckwheat Flour -lbs. 

Batter {---?''?■ 

Cabbage - bushels 

Cakes'and Cookies ,-■■'*'?• 

Carrots bushel* 

Catsup bottles 

Cheese 'os. 

Chickens, Condensed lbs. 

Chickens, Dressed lbs. 

Chocolate Ihs. 

Cigars - 

Carried forward ...-.----- 



Issued. 



Value. 



690 


345 00 


1.5(U 


3.010 00 


127.742 


25.548 40 


2.277 


2.277 00 


00 


10 20 


'it> 


.50 W 


SO, 101 


SO.IOI 00 


22.305 


2.007 45 


5.044 


1,188 80 


7.007 


1.1 11 05 


25 


32 00 


420 


840 00 


2i).07S 


1 .033 !H' 


3 


1.50 


1(1 


80 


1 T.i;i;3 


r, 130 05 


30 


00 00 


4.211 


S42 20 


50 


1)4 00 


214 


107 01 


0.-121 


LSSfJO 


2.S11 


2,S11 00 


i;mi 


04 (i5 


15 


7 50 


400 


20 00 


. 


S130.013 20 



APPENDIX A. 



4 -J 5 



AiiTlCLES OF DIET, ETC.-Co^'JIKUED. 



Akticles. 



Broiiirlit forward 


CinnaiiKMi 


lbs. 


CIiivc'S _ 


lbs. 


Cocoa 


lbs. 


C'odtish 


lbs. 


Coffee _ 


lbs 


Coffee Extract 

Cordial .., 


lbs. 

bottles 


( 'oni Meal 


lbs. 


Coi'ii. Dried 


lbs. 


Corn Starch 


lbs. 


Crackers 


lbs 


Cranberries! 


.- - - bushels 


Cream Tartar 


lbs. 


Cucumbers 


bushels 






Ev't^s 




Farina 


lbs. 


FiiTs _ 


lbs 


Flour 


bbls. 


Fruit, Dried 


lbs 




diinj^er 


lbs 


(iooseberric!- 


quarts 


Grapes 


lbs 


Green Corn _ 


bushels 


(•iroceries 


lbs. 


Tlanis _ 


lbs. 


-/ 


lbs. 


llerrin^,s 


boxes 


Hominy 


lbs 


Honey 


lbs. 


Hops 


lbs. 


Horse Radish 


- - bottles 


lee 




Indi<;o 


lbs. 


Isinijlass 


lbs 


Lard 


lbs 


Lemons 




liettUCO 


bushels 


Lime Juice .. 


bottles 


Maccaroni 


lbs. 


Ma )le Su''ar 


lbs 


Me ons .. . _ . _ 


Mess Pork 


lbs. 


Milk. Concentrated 


lbs. 


Milk. Fresh 


quarts 


Mustard 




Mutton 


lbs 


Mutton Tallow 


lbs. 


Xutmc's 


ounces 


( )a t Meal 

Onions. 


lbs. 

bushels 


Oranifes 


dozens 






Pa rsn ips 


bushels 


Pepper. Black. _ 


lbs. 


Pi'|)p!'r Sauce .- 


bottles 


Pickles 


j^allous 


Pies 




Pie Plant 


bushels 


Potatoes 


bushels 


Prunc^s 


lbs. 




lbs. 


ttice 


lbs. 


Sa-'o 


lbs. 


Saleratus 


...lbs. 


Salt 


lbs. 


Sardines _ 


boxes 




lbs. 


Shoulders 


lbs. 



Issued. 



8 
10 

y.) 

2,(509 
115 

231) 

l..")2() 

(i~4 

'I5S 

l.OS!) 

li 

IT 



12.27H 
21.5 

•i3(/, 

!i;i.8~2 " 

:35,80(j 

1!) 

'.«) 

2,43G 

10 

248. 8T5 

1.104 

1.71:5 

!) 

144 

81 

212 

1,1.50 

iH)}^ 

4 

5 

34 

Gil 

30 

4,200 

3 

3,520 

30 

800 

10.731 

4.(i38 

115 

l.(Ul 

23 

KiO 

!)!) 

8.107 1-; 

■ 71 " 

44 

15 

100 

.5-1 

40.143 

3.974 

10 

.38,a41 

17 

105 

29(5 

27 

97 

1.125 

2 

557 
1.48<1 



Value. 

$130,013 20 

■1 00 

10 00 

29 75 

223 20 

1.043 05 

115 00 

172 50 

01 00 

07 40 

09 15 
013 35 

32 00 

17 00 

1 .50 

12.50 

2.155 00 

32 25 

1 75 

501 .35 

1..S7I 40 

1V.9()3 00 

9 5!) 

(■> 00 

305 4(1 

20 00 

99 (15 

184 00 

428 i5 

8 50 

7 20 
24 40 
03 00 

287 50 
205 00 

00 

10 00 

8 25 
427 50 

00 00 

2.100 00 

120 

881 50 

6 00 

120 00 

S.:i52 00 

371 00 

57 50 

24(1 15 

4 (iO 

24 00 

9 90 
215 00 

49 70 
35 00 

25 00 
54 50 

13 50 
15.457 20 

590 10 

20 00 

38,841 00 

5 10 
42 00 
44 35 

8 10 

14 45 
2140 

1 00 
83 55 

222 60 



Ifj 



Carried forward 



«241,937 70 



426 



APPENDIX A. 



ARTICLES OF DIET, ETC.— Cohtinued. 



Articles. 



Brought forward . 

Slippery Elm 

Spices 

Saner Kraut 

Starch 

S t rawberries 

Sugar 

Syrup 

Tapioca 

Tea, Black 

Tea, Green 

Toast 

Tobacco 

Tomatoes 

Turkeys 

Turnips. 

Vermicelli 

Vinegar 

Wheat, Cracked.... 

Whisky 

Whitetish 

Wine 

Yeast Cakes 

Vegetables, Mixed . 



..lbs. 
..lbs. 
-gals. 
..lbs. 



.qts. 
.n)s. 



-t 



ts. 



.n>s. 

-lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

-bushels 



-bushels 

lb 

-..-gals. 

lbs. 

..bottles 

lbs. 

..bottles 

doz. 

.bushels 



Value. 



$241,997 70 

900 

3 75 

2,006 30 

7 00 

46 80 

l,S()->30 

02 40 

7 20 

886 50 

327 00 

110 20 

546 55 

150 00 

20 00 

tuoo 

6.30 

343 40 

KM) 

241 00 

20 00 

6,114 75 

32 25 

1.187 .50 



Total 



$256,053 50 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



Akticles. 



Badges 

Barrel Heads and Hoops 

Blank Books 

Bottles, Packing --. 

Boxes, Packing - 

Boxes, Contribution 

Bulbous Roots barrels 

Coal ---- tons 



Daily Papers 

Flags, Large - 

Flags. Small 

Gas^ Fixtures and Fitting . 

Hardware, Sundries 

Hoes 



Issued. 



Value. 



Marine Glass - 

Meal Tickets -v--c--,- 

Oats - bushes 

Onion Sets - - bushels 

Pictu res 

Plants, Flowering - 

Plumbing 

Postage Stamps - - - 

Press, Printing, with Type and Furniture 

Press, Lever 

Press, Copy -- 

Rakes 



Roller and Blocks setts 

Rollers, Wooden - 

Seeds. Garden boxes 

Seeds, Garden pkgs. 

Seeds, Garden bushels 

Signs 



Spades 

Sprinklers . 
Tools 



Warehouse Truck 

Wood cords 

Undassitied .\rt icles 

Boxes forwarded to Refugees - 

Boxes forwarded, contents unknown - 



52 

89 

5118 

27,759 

17 

1 

146 

17,592 

6 

360 



1 

1 

9571 

10 

15 

87 

137 

31,831 

1 
1 



10 00 

46 10 

2.39 95 

224 20 

13.605 80 

24 50 

24 00 

1,031 65 

40185 

126 50 

30 00 

294 80 

65 60 

100 

20 00 

2,.3o6 15 

6 00 

60 00 

92 00 

27 40 

134 65 

8.33 15 

215 30 

(i 00 

15 00 



1 


7o 


1 


15 35 


1 


2 50 


4 


20 (K) 


100 


20 00 


24 


96 00 


19 


89 10 


1 


1 25 


2 


2 00 


27 


29 85 


1 


8 00 


41 


457 90 


1366 


.311 50 


46 


1,150 00 


162 


4.050 00 



Total 



$26,175 80 



AJ'PENDIX A. 427 



RECAPITULATION. 



VALUE OF SUPPLIES ISSUED. 



BBdfliii;; and Clothing $()1.),2;54 50 

Iloispital Furniture and Surgeon's Supplier .5.'),0n 45 

Diet and Delicacies 2.-)t),(),53 50 

Mi.-^ccllanoous 2(5, ITS 80 

(Jrand Total $982,481 25 



428 



APPENDIX A. 



Hospital Stores have been sent by the Soldiers" Aid Society 
OF Northern Ohio to the following points: 



(Receipts tor these sliipmonts are on tile amoiifr the jiapcrsof tlie Society.) 



OHIO. 



('am]) Tnvlor, Cleveland, Tth & 8th O. V. I. 

Camp Wood, Cleveland, 41st O, V. I. 

Ciim|i WaiU', Cleveland, ;>nd O. V. Cav. and 
John I'.i'own liitle Co. 

Camp Tod. Cleveland. 45th and C.Tth O. V, I. 

Camp Cleveland. lOSfd. lOrith. 107lh, l->4th, 
13.5th O. V. I. and lOtli (). V. Cav. 

Reci-nilinu' Ofliees. Cleveland. Tth, Idth, 33rd, 
41st, 15fli. r^Uh. (iTth O. V. I.. 3nd O. V. 
Cav. and ISth I^ritjadi^ T(>:inisters. 

21th Ohio National Gnards. Cleveland. 

Post Ilo^idtal. Camp (ievidaiui. 

(Icneral Hospital. Camp Cleveland. 

Marine Hospital, (Anny iJe|)a;tmenl.> Cleve- 
land. 

I>ei)ot Hospital, (San. Com..) Cle\elaiid. 

Soldiers' Home. (San. Com.,) Cleveland. 

llutiirned Soldiers, sick, disabled, or ex- 
ehanired Prisoners. Cleveland. 

Soldiers' Families, livinq; in and near Cleve- 
land. 

Camp Jackson, Columhns, 2-h-i\ aird 24th 
O. V. I. 

Camp Thomas. Columlms. 

Camp Lew Wallace, Colnmbiis, Isi IJeuiment 
I'nroled Forces. 

CaniD Delaware. Columbus, ."jth and Ciili V. 
S. Colored Troops. 



Camp Chase, ,54th and 120th O. V. I. 

General Hosi)ital, Cam)) Chase. 

Tripler Hosintal. Colnmhiis. 

Ohio State Soldiers' Home, Columbus. 

Agent V. S. Sanitary Commission, Colum- 
bus, for distribution. 

Quartermaster General Ohio, Columbus, for 
returned Prisoners. 

Camp iStarietta. 

Camp Piqua. 

Camp (4oddard. 

Post Hospital, Camp Di'unison. 

Regimental llosiiital Tth, Sth, 53nd, 5lth O. 
V. I., Camp Dennison. 

1st O. Y. Lt. Art., ard O. V. Cavalry, Camp 
Dennison. 

General Hospital, Camp Dennison. 

Branch Sanitary Commission, Cincinnati, 
for Hospital SteanuM's. 

Soldiers' Home, (San. Com..) Cincinnati. 

Freedmon's I^ehef Association, Cincinnati. 

Woodward Hosjiital. Cincinnati. 

Washington Park Hospital. Cincinnati. 

Ih'oadwav and ]\Iain st. Hospital, Cii]ci};i;i'.ti. 

Post Hospital. Gallipolis. 

General Hosjiital, Gallipolis. 

Camp of (ith Veteran Reserve Corps. John- 
son's Island. 



TENNESSEE, 



Supply Depot V. S. Sanitary Com., Nash- 
ville, for general distribution. 
Soldiers' Home. San. Com., Nashville, 
(icneral Hospitals Nos. 1, 3, 4, 5, S, i:j, IS, 10, 

Nashville. 
General Field Hospital. Nashville. 
Iicfugec I>ei)artmenr. Nashville 
Regimental Hospital 1st O. V. I,t. Art . 

Cimp .\ndv Johnson, Nashville. 
Soldiers of Ist'O. V. Lt. Art.. ITdih O. \'. I. 

and Kinth N. Y. Y. T., Nashville. 
Teamsters in distress. Nashville. 
V. S. San. C >m. Hospital Steamers Laneas- 

tf-r .\o. 4. New Dunleilh and others, for 

dislrilnition at Posts on the Tennessee 

and Mississippi Rivers. 
Hospital Steamers sent by State of Ohio for 

the wounded of Pittsburg LandiniT 
Cleveland Citizens' Committee, sen' for the 

relief of the wounded at Pittsbm-g 

Landing. 
Siiiiply Dei)ot l'. S. San. Com.. Pittsburg 

Lanfling. 
Supply Depot U. S. San. Com., Ilaniburi: 

T,anding. 
Suiiply Depot I'. S. San. Cmn., ?;Icnipliis. 
"^Iedic'al Director. Savannah. 
Post Hospital, Savannah. 
Supply Depot U. S. San. Com.. MurlVocs- 

boro. 



Supply Depot U. S. San. Com., Chattanoojja. 

General Hospitals, Murfreesboro. 

Convalescent C.imp, Murfreesboro. ' 

Post Hospital, Ciallatin. 

Post Hospital, Colninlna. 

Post Hospilal. Shelbyville. 

Post Hospital, Fratiklin. 

Regt.'l Hos))ital 41st O. V. I . Murfree-diivro 

Regt'l Hospital ll):>d (V A'. I.. Knoxvilie. 

Regf'l Hospital llt.";th O. Y. I.. (Jallatin. 

Regt'l Hospital (;:5i-d, T'ind, Tdlh O. A'. I.. 
PittsburiT Tiandinir. 

Regi'l Hos])ital Tth Kansas Y. Cav., Mem- 
phis. 

Rciifl Hospital :!3nd lowa"\'. I., Fort Pillow 

Oliio State .'Vircnr. Memjihis. 

I'. S. San. Com. Ihisjiital \'isitor. >Iemiihis. 

Chaplain Kith O. Y. Cav.. Murfreeshoro, 

t'hai)lain T'.tth Penn. ^^ I, Murfreesboro. 

Chaplain Katon, ^Memphis. 

Chaplain Porter, for Contrabands. Atemjihis. 

Rcfuiiecs in distress (Freedmcii.) Gallatin. 

contraband nurses in U. S. Ho.-pital, Kno.x- 
ville. 

Soldiers of 3)1h. 41st and l(l,-)!h O. Y. 1., 
Murfreesboro. 

Soldiers of 104th and 13.-)thO.Y. L. I<>anklin. 

Soldiers of I'.lth, 41st, lIKJrd and l(),5th O. Y. 
L, (.'hattanooga. 

Soldiu-s of 14th O. Lt. Art., Jackson. 



APPENDIX A. 



".) 



VIRGINIA 



Supply Depot U. S. San Com., Wheelincr. 

A<?eiits San. Com. travdinj^ in ^'il■lrinia. 

Post Hospital, Wlict'lintc. 

General Hospital, Wheeling-. 

General Hospital, Grafton. 

General Hospital, Charleston. 

General Hospital Winchester. 

York Seminary Hospital, Wincliester. 

Post Hospital, Beverly. 

Post Hospital, Komney. 

Post Hospital, HuttonVille. 

Post Hospital, Clarksluu'jjh. 

Post Hospital, (irafton. 

Post Hospital, (iaiiley Brid,i,'('. 

Post Hospital, Charleston. 

Post Hospital, Fayetteville. 

Post Hospital, New Creek. 

Post Hospital, Fetterniaii. 

Brigade Hospital, Camp Union, Fayetteville. 

Brigade Hospital, Camp Anderson, Gaiiley 
Bridge. 

Regimental Hospital, 1st O. V. I.t. Art. Fay- 
etteville. 

Regt'l Hospital 1st O. V. Lt. Art., (Jralton. 

Kegt'l Hospital Ist O. V. Lt. Art., Beverly. 

Ttegt'l Hospital 1st O. V. Lt. Art., Paw Paw. 

Regt'l Hospital 7th O. V. I., Gaiiley Bridge. 

Regt'l Hospital 7th O. V. I., Winchester. 

Regt'l Hospital 7th O. V. I., Culpepper. 

Regt'l Hospital 7th O. V. I.. (;harleston. 

Regtn Hosoital Sth O. V. L, Winchester. 

Regt'l Hospital Sth O. V. 1., Camp Cross- 
man, New Creek. 

Regt'l Hospital I'Jth O. V. I., Fayetteville. 

Regt'l Hospital 23rd O. V. I., Fayetteville. 



Ca 



i]ip Ku'ing. 
Clii'at Aloiin- 



Rogfl Hospital 33rd O. V. I.. Beverly. 
Uegt.'i Hos|)irali:inl O. V. 1., 

GauU'v Jiridire. 
Regfl H()si)ital -Jlth (). V. I. 

tain Snininif. 
Regfl lldspilal 3Tlh U. W I 
Regt'l Hospital ."mIIi O. V. I 
Regt'l Hospital fioth O. V. 1., Grafron 
Regt'l Hosi)itals4tli O. V. L, Winches! 
Regt'l Hospital '.list O. V. L, Kanawha Fall 
Regt'l Hospital 110th U. V 

Parker'sbiirnh. 
Regt'l Hospital lv'3rd (). V, 
Regt'l Hospital 3iil Va, \. 
Regt'l Hospitallth Va. V. 1 
Regt'l Hospital .Otli Va. V. 1., Ceredo. 
Regt'l Hospital 0th Va. V. L, Wost Union 
Regt'l Hospital 8th Va. V. I 

nam Countv. 
Regt'l Hosi)itari 1th Va. V. I. 
Regt'l Hospital itih Ind. V. I 
Regt'l Hospital l.'Jth Ind, V. 1 

Branch Bridge. 
Regt'l Hospital 13th Ind. V. 1 
Camp OTth O. V. I., Snllblk, 
Camp .5th U. S. Colored Troops, 

Norfolk. 
Camp Sth U . S. Colored Troo|)s, j 

Yorktown. | 

Soldiers in Kiilth Penn. V. )., (ilinice^tcr 

Point. 
Soldiers in 9!)th O. V. I.. Dumfries. 
Soldiers in 133rd O. V. 1., Martiiisburgh. 
Union Prisoners in Richmond and Danville. 

(.Never received.) 



Pi'inc(!ton. 
Jtomney, 



I., Camp Keller, 

I., Winchester 
I., Chirkshurgli. 
Point Pleasant. 



Bullalo, Piil- 

Parkeroburgh. 
, Fetternian. 
., Camj) North 

Camp Cliase. 

I 

'-Mitten--. 



ILLINOIS. 



Supply Depot U. S. San. Com., Cairo. 
Airent for Contrabands' Relief Soc'y, Cairo. 
Depot Hospital, Cairo. 
Brigade Hospital, Cairo. 
Post Hospital Cairo. 
Regt'l Hospital 8th Illinois V. I., Cairo. 
Regt'l Hospital 18th Illinois V. I., Cairo. 
Regt'l Hospital 30th Illinois Y. I., Cairo. 



Regt'l Hospital 41st Illinois V. I., Cairo. 
Regt'l Hospital 3rd Iowa Y. I., Cairo. 
Regt'l Hospital 8th Iowa Y. I., Cairo. 
Post Hospital, Mound City. 
General Hospital, Mound City. 
Hospital Barracks, Mound City, per Surgeon 
General, Ohio. 



INDIANA. 



Soldiers' Home, Sanitary Commission, Jef- 
fersouville. 



Hospital No. 4, New Albany. 
Soldiers in Hospitals, KewAlbany. 



MISSOURI. 



Agent U. S. Sanitary Commission, St. Louis. 

for the wounded at Springfield. 
Agent Western San. Com. St." Louis. 
Ohio State Agent, St. Louis. 
Fifth Street Hospital, St. I;Ouis. 
Jefl'erson Barracks Hospital, St. Louis. 
Jeft'erson Barracks Chaplain, St. Louis. 
General Hospital, Camp Benton, St. Louis. 
General Hospital, Kansas City. 



Brigade Hospital, Bird's Point. 
Post Hospital, Bird's Point. 
Regt'l Hospital ^nd O. Y. I., Platte City. 
Regt'l Hospital 2nd O. Y. I., Carthage. 
Regt'l Hospital 27th O. Y. I., Sedaliu. 
Retrfl Hospital 43rd O. Y. L. New Madrid. 
Regt'l Hospital 7th Iowa Y. I., Bird's Point. 
Regt'l Hospital 11th Iowa Y. 1., Camp Lyon, 
Bird's Point. 



KANSAS, 



Supply Agency U. S. Sanitary Cammission, 

Leavenworth. 
Post Hospital, Fort Scott. 
Chaplain of Post, Fort Scott. 



Regimental Hospital 2nd O. V. Cav., Leav- 
enworth. 
Freedmen's Relief Agency, Leavenworth. 
Sufferers in the Indian Massacre. Lawrence. 



430 



APPENDIX A. 



KENTUCKY. 



Iloartquai-tors M'estern Di>partment V. S. 
San. (.'om., Loiiisvilk". for ceuoi-al issue. 

KontiK'kv Braiiih l'. S. San. Com., Lonis- 
villo: 

Hospitals No. 1, 4. 5, 7, Louisville. 

Hospital No. 5, Louisville, (Port Donelson 
wounded.) 

Ladies' Oonmiittoe. Louisville, for distribu- 
tion in Hospitals. 

Soldiers' Home. San. Com., Louisville, 

Soldiers in all Hospitals. Louisville. 

Hark Barracks Hospital. Louisville, (Grapes.) 

Asst. l^>nartermaster iJen. Ohio, Louisville. 

Au^eney S.mitary Commission, Lexintrton, 

Ai;euey Sanitary Commission, Columbia, 

Aireney Sanitary Commission. Perryville,' 

Ai^ency Sanitary Commission, Danville. 

Agency Sanitary Commission, Somerset, 

Ai;ency Sanitary Commission, Nelson's Fur- 
naces. 

Oeneral Hospitals, Lexinoton. 

General Hospitals. Lebanon, 

General Hospital, Bardstown. 

General Hospital, Fort Holt. 

(Jeneral Hospital. Ashland. 

General Hospital, Paducah, (Fort Donelson 
wounded. 1 

Brigade Hospital, (tSth Brigade,) Ashland. 

Brigade Hospital, (,lsth Brigade,) Paintville. 

Brigade Hos|)ital, (:Ut!i Brigade,) Sulphur 
Fork 'I'restle, Colesburi;-h. 

Brigade Hi>spital, Lexiiiizton. 

Brigade Hospital, Camp Ne\ins. Hardin Co. 

Post Hospital, Lexington, 

Post Hospital, Lebanon, 

Post Hospital, Bardstown. 

Post Hospital, Xew Haven, 

Post Hospital, Bacon Creek. 

Post Hospital, Bowling Green. 

Post Hospital, Ashland, 



O, V. Lt. Art., 
Lt. Art., Camp 
(Edgarton'8 



Post Hospital, Paducah. 
Post Hospital, Munfordsville. 
Stearns' Hospital, Paducah. 
St. ]\Iark's Hospital, Paducah. 
Flat Lick Hospital, Cumberland Ford. 
Camp Nelson. 
Regimental Hospital 1st 
" Camp Jesse D. Bright 
Regt'l Hospital 1st O. Y 

Jefi'erson. 
Eegt'l Hospital 1st O. Lt. Art. 

Battery,) Bacon Creek. 
Regt'l Hospital 1st O. Lt. Art., Somerset. 
Regr' Hospital Dth O. Batterv, Cumberland 

■ Ford. 
Regt'l Hospital 1st O. V. I., Green River, 

Munfordsville. 
Regt'l Hospital, Crab Orchard. 
Regt'l Hospital lOth O. V. I., Cumberland 

Ford. 
Regt'l Hospital 21st O. V. I., Bacon Creek. 
Regt'l Hospital 41st O. V. I., Camp ■\Vickliffe, 

New Haven. 
Regt'l Hospital 4-ind O. Y 

Paintville. 
Regt'l Hospital 4-3nd O. Y. 
Regt'l Hospital 40nd O. Y. 
Regt'l Hospital 4-iiHl O. Y 

Gap. 

Regt'l Hospital (i5th O. Y. I.. Bowling Green 
Regt'l Hospital ID-'Srd O. Y. I.. Frankfort. 
Regt'l Hospital 104th O. Y. I., Mt. Yernon. 
Regt'l Hospital lUth O. Y. I., Bowlins: 

Green. 
Soldiers of lOtb Ohio Batterv, Richmond. 
Regt'l Hospital -.ind East Tennessee Y 

Camp Dick Robison. 
Regt'l Hospital -.ind East Tennessee Y. I.. 

Camp Wild Cat. 



I., Camp Buell, 



Louisville. 

Louisa. 

, Cumberland 



I. 



TO THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC 



Medical Purveyor V. S. A., Washington, 
D. C., for the wounded at Bull Run." 

Soldiers' Aid Society. VYashington, D. C. 

(.>hio Relief .Association. AVashinijton, D. C. 

Ohio State Agents, Washington. D. C. 

Mrs. Wheeler, for distribution, Washington, 
D. C. 

Camp Vpton, near Washington, 1st O. V. 
Lt. Artillery, 



Camp ord Mich. Y. I., Alexandria Heights. 

Hospitals of CJeorgetown. D. C, (Grapes.) 

Fairfax Seminary Hospital. 

Camp fiOth N. Y." Y. I.. Washington, D. C. 

Camp 150th O. Y. I.. Washiuirton, D, C. 

Caini) 4th N, Y'. Y. Cav,, Potomac Creek, 

Branch U. S. Sanitary Commission. Pitts- 
burgh, Pa., for the \vounded at Gettys- 
burgh. 



MARYLAND. 



Agents of V. S. San. Com.. Cumberland. 
Medical Director I'. S, A., Cumberland. 
Post Hospital, Cumberland. 
Brigade Hosiiital, Cumberland. 
General Hospitals. Cumberland. 
Hospital L.. Cumberland. 
Post Hospital. Oakland. 



Post Hospital. Clarysville. 

Post Hospital. Frederick. 

Regimental Hospital 4th O. Y. I., Oakland. 

Regimental Hospital 2nd Maryland Y. I. 

" Cumberland. 
Regimental Hospital. Keedvsville. 
Soldiers of &lth O. Y. I., Cumberland. 



GEORGIA AND ALABAMA 



Agents L*. S. San. Com., Resaca. for general 

issue. 
Agents U. S. San. Com,, Atlanta, for general 

issue. 
Post Hospital. Marietta. 



Soldiers of 19th, 55th, 74th and 104th O, Y. 

I., Atlanta. 
Soldiers of 12oth O. Y. T., Stevenson, 
Soldiers of 1st O. Y. Lt. Art. and i)th Ohio 

Battery, Bridgeport. 



APPENDIX A. 



431 



MISSISSIPPI, 



U. S. San. Com. Hospital Supply Steamers, 

for general distribution. 
Agent Christian Commission, Vicksburg. 



Soldiers of 42nd O. V. I. Vicksburg. 
Soldiers of 65th O. V. I., camp near Corinth. 



ARK ANS AS 



Soldiers of 25th O. V. I., Little Rock. 



Soldiers, Duvall's Bluff. 



LOUISIANA. 



Soldiers of 42nd O. V. I., Plaquimine. 



APPENDIX B. 



SPECIAL RELIEF REPORT, 



434 



APPENDIX B. 



o 

m 



O 
Q 

< 

m 

W 
o 

< 
ft 

o 

Oh 

Pi5 

h^ 

<1 
I— ( 

o 

w 

a? 



•pjqsiuaii^ 
itojjtjjjodsuujx 



CC 5^ C< r-l 1-1 r-l r-l i 



■papuorfxg; qsBO 



'pajojsiSaji: -Oil ib^ox 



■^ lO ~ I- :c w ^ i-H 1-^ 1- 

1— I r-II— tl— IWt— »1— IT— iT-l 



•9lU00a 

PIV IT! pojajsiSsy; 

XoaaSy 5uoinXo(diua[ 
jOaqi suoijBOiidclB -o^j 



pa[tj eosB3 jsqimi^ 



ouioii ;c pojo^spajj 



uAvon^inn s^uorapajj 



•soaSnjoa ^ saa^aasad 



■OAjasaa; m?J0}0A 



•saTJiiiSaji 



■pD.lO[00 



■i.mossjn iy isubisuiot; 



■B^osounjj^ 



BJlSBjqaK pnB scxax 



•t!!lUOJl[B0 pUU 'BAVOI 



aossauuax -vAH'OiHu^S 



■nisnoosiAV 



m 1-1 CO in I- m 



•BllBipUI pUB StOUinl I 



SOOTtN-^TOOM'^OiCO 



•ubSiijoii^ 



s; 



•omo 



BUIlSjlA ■?? PUB[AJB1\[ 



.-!•■<?< 



•BlUBA[ASUUatJ 



:0 . t- ;Ci in O t- lO (?« -^ 



•^asjap Ava^i j 



•i[JOi Majs[ 



COi-<-*lNOTTt<05»00» 



•4noi;oaauoo 



•puB[si apoqa I 



•S}}aslHl3BSSBpi 



•;uoiujaj^\^ 



•a.iu[sduiBH Ava^ 



•aniBpi 



■siBapi JO -oji IBJOi 



Q'<s>G0-t~iO'.-ica:c: 
s5ioiO'4;ot-icos^^o 

G^ T-( W CO (T* tH r-l tH tM 



■easiiofi "aipJBoq piTB 

SUBII Sauna; }i! siuoj\[ 

•aiuoH 
^sjaipiog ^B siBapi 



o-*'oO"to='n'-iooo5 
ir»mio-*o-<co«^c: 

(Ti T-iC^CCS^T-tr-^^HT-l 



•sSmSpoi -«SSS3°^S^ 






B 

IB 
O 






> ^ 



fc. H < ^ 1-5 1-5 -"I CO O 






O 5 



OOCCiOOtOO^OiO'-'CO I 00 

(Nt-I r-t 1-1 G^ O lO G^ S^ G^ O 

1-1 CO 



O T-t ;CnO lO ;s t- T-. l- :C I- x- 

T-H CO T-H G^ lO C^ 



r-irN<T*GCG'»iOCO(WeO'XO?(7» li-i 

C*r-li-i ■t-<T-ii-iiOOXiOiOO 
CD »-i I O 



rH T— 1 r-i 1— I T-t ■^ 



COOOCCCOlO-^fMOOtCSZO 

ocooc5i-ify?ioini--co:ci 

O r-i 



^1 



tM ^ CD i^ "^ CO 



(Ni-trlCN 00 



COCtCO(M-^t-CC-^CO 



CO CO -^ T-i :0 "^ (N <W "^ T-l -i-i 



I 



I -J 

I" 



(7*COa:a:'r-'CO'-+'OrHt-ir*C5 
'^'^G^« -r-l«*CO«T-l CO 



t-lC^DGOCtCOT-fTfOCO-Tfr- 

cci'-co'^ccioioiflcocomci 



COL— O-^THt-COlOOO'^^ 
1-1 1-1 t- T-l 1-1 r-l 
00 



O 1-1 1— I T-l O 



. I : 



ooQt-oin 

7-. «COi-( 


o 




^^ 


^ 



s 



o?c:c>iOi-<co*r-i—Oir-i-''7^ 

l-OCOX'COt-t-i-'OO'-tGOCi 
COr-ti-t T-1 1-1 T-l O^ i-H Ol :C CO 



l:-OCOGOCOt*t-i-tCO-^CCl— 
COt-1i-1 r-lr-lTHC^T-iCi^DGC 
L-tH 



i-<C:Ot-Ot-*iOOOiOiOiD l*rt 
O (?» OS OJ 00 iO 1-1 »0 t- ;;^ r^ 00 lO 
T-lT-t -r-l tH (N <N CO (W "^ I CO 






*^ G o^ 



CO b-.'; 






APPENDIX B, 



435 



uoi;B|aodsuBJX 



i^XCiOi-iCSC^rii-HXCiX iQ ] ■I-n:r3■l-lG^^O■1-^'X'lQ~lO■-TC; 



'papuoclxg qstJO 



•^ CO 



-^ -H X t . CI O -^ '?' X I C: 

-T ^ r-1 CC I- CO C--" T »0 '?« O 

1-1 la 



coi:-c:i-iOi-iXi-io:o:CX 
Tt :;0 CO X 1-1 CO L- X. X O « -?< 

I- t- 1- CO t- c? t- in -f -f ^ o 

ox'^»';cc;-txxcocooi.o 

IC T T* lO CO *— w 1— « 7^ O* *?' '— I 

T-t T— I V< T-1 1— I '7< 1-> 1— I T-1 



•p9.ia;siSoa: -ojsi icioj, 



: r: CO X c; 11^ I- c: 

?'7'*C10COOCO'^H 



•SlUOOJI 

piy IB pajajsiSDji 


o CO =-. o o o» -r* c CO LI X 1= 
t-i 


2 


•jCd'ib^v ■juaiuXo[d[U3 j ::::::::::;: 
,ojuj sjnt!0![ddv 'o^; | :::::::;:::: 




■JiousuY iu(Bi,:) ,oim 
P8[B sa-ES j^quiuisj 






■oraou It! pa.iaj-JiSDa 


i-ccccW'7>wCvxX':r»i:?c; 


it) 

o 


•uAvouJiun snisraiSsa 


-^ ^ :C <- T-^ X r-H ■ CO -T jr^ c: 
^-r«i-co ;|,'5 :'-':g5}i5 




■soaSnjaa ^ 8i9}J9S3(i 


T-l (Ti ?C 


•aAjaSajI UBJO^OA T> OT r^ rn ^ I» rr O j- CC m 


1 


•SJB[tiSoa; 


o -i X o -J -f o> t- X l- O t- 


Ii5 



•pjJO[oo 



UnoSSIJ^ q> BUCI3U101 



•B<osoun!i\[ 



■t;yist?.Tq3M piiB SBxaj, | 



i?5 



riT-* • • 1-1 I c; 



•uiuaoji[t?j pUB BAVOI 



•— <^Jir3i-i70'7*i-tX 1"^ 

I"" 



09SSBnH3 J, '?X51D11}U0\I 



.-^r-i • I t- 



■uisuoosiAi 



^ i* ::^ CO • CO o 1^ I— '^ t— in 

^ ■ O* C« ^ ,-U-4 1-. 



•BUBipui pae siomill 



; o I- 1- 1- c) 



I- C) -t =: Ol X c: ? 

Tl OT T! r1 « i-i T 



•UBSiqoij^ 



■- — C5 X ts X !- c; c; c: c: r- 
^ t-- o -^ c; ^ i- c^ io :r^ CO ct 

■■ C5 IN « CO -J- 0> ,-1 



•OiqO 

1 


?- ~ X '- i - 1--^ 00 -r X c; ct o 
■s. 10 o) -^ C-. -r o> c lo CO »- ^ 


i- 


■BUllSjlA V ptiBt.uBjv; 1 


: : I*- :-^-^^ ; r^^ : 


UO 


•BlUBA[A!;iUI3J 1 

1 


OJ Ol ri ,-1 OJ r^ CO -^ " 0» rt 


c: 
i-t 



-.Cosaof AVOi^[ I 

•JlJOi AWX I 



•inoipaunoo 



• o« . • O ■ CO ■^ OS 



•pnB[Si opoqjT 


oj -in ••--••••. . 


X 


•snssnqoBSSBK 


T-l T-l 


? 


iaouiJ9\ 


•T-l • • 'T-ll-lT-l • • • • 


-* 


•auqsdutuH av9^ 


' 


p 


"aaiKH; 


• St • ; O .XX • • TH • 


^ 


• IBOJV JO -O^I IB}0X 


o t- iT ^ »o >o I- tr :r ^ -H- i— 

C> X CO T-) lO C-. — 1- O Tl -f --O 

c: o ■* X e: := C-. o> T-. LO -f CO 

TH— ItH THTHCOCiffiCOfN 


1 


•sasuofi^tuip.iBog pau 

S([B£I jTuIUIQ )B S[BOpt 


O i- O 1-1 O* T* ^ 1-! ^ CO 


■■+' 


^SJOipiOS IB SIBOJt 


X X X I- X .0 :==-.=-. T CO o 

r-< T^ -Tt rf '7> ■yZ '^t 




•sSujSpoi 


i- 00 0( X O -■ O — CO lO I- o> 

-rcoc;--— lOf-rocoi-— — - 
•*-'#»oo:sa;i-THXTHi-;(N 

tH tH TH tH 


o» 

i 



coc;o*i-iooo>cs'7(coc:o 
^ X CO t- i- X o> i- o* 'T r- X 

CO o 1.0 -- X CO JO -r -^ CO CO "^ 

0< C< i-t 1-1 i-( t- I- 0( i-i CO 1-1 


CO 


-hT X 1- r- r: o* I- X tr i- o* ^ 

w c; c* ic o* c: lO 1- c w o -^ 

OT 1-1 1— 1 ■^ O iO 1— 1 1— * ▼-< i-< 


S 
S 


• . • • CO X :o -^ X -r if^ I- 
. . . • cc CO lO t- :s lO CO 'T* 


i 


. . , .t-Tfio-^iAi-fWjn 

- . . • ^ TT « C?« r-ii-l ri 


1-4 


*t t- ^ oi -r c^ -J o c; t^ i- CO 

o -t lO -r i- X :r- cr. c: 1— o> o 

O* (7^ ^ 1-. ^ -^ -O ;^ CO ^ 


1 

i 


I- CO X X C: L- -J O i- ^ C Q 

0> lO C-J lO O «D t- fft CO ^ 

2^ '^ 


in 


CO c; c; CO o Tt T-l o 1-1 in 1-1 ; 


1—1 


C: c; o OJ! -r ■^^ i-O' i-o o ~. -T c:- 
iOior::5Xx:ri-i'^coi-Or-H 

T-1 1-1 -^ 1-1 


CO 
1—1 


t-f-oxcort^'-'i-i-'-'i-co 
!7*corj'ir5;cco:;::r~-fOrH 

T-tl-l 1-1 <7i 


CO 

i 


1-1 1-1 . CO -^ X cc 1- :c C-. X . 

1-1 -rl i-t -- 

IjO 


I- 


c: C". * c; c» CO CO CO • CO "^ ■'i* 
1— 1 I-l 1— 1 1— 1 


- 


• Tj'irtc^TdOT-f'yii-ti-i .1-1 

t-l o 

o* 


"s 


. . . .l»T-i . -co .iH . 


^- tr:: o> 1-" lo ic CO o> o» • • >?» 

cocot-x«i-;,^ . . 


o*t-^coof^OLOC:0(N 

tH Ci i-H rH 1-1 1-1 


CO 
1-» 
rH 


X-+~XC:iiO'^OXCOCOi-i 

1-^ (71 lO t- CO -r io X 

i-x-r 

CO 


o 

T4 


T-ixcOT«o-tc:»-c^'7»Tj'c: 
o t- :c c ' -^ m I- CO '7* ,^ 1-1 


io o* -r c. o? CO X :r: c". i- i- co 


in 


o lo CO t— c: o i- — r^ CO o JO 
— lo o c: I- I- I- — iri i- c; =2 

-S-OJlCCO^l-OXCOCOOJS* 


; ; ; ;S« ;-* ;OJ •■* ; 


(7? 

1— I 


s* t- c. L-^ X o» LO CO C-. X ;= CO 




oi^ia-sm -TH -Tji . .CO 


THc:coi-0'.t'o>oo»tco?co 
c: ;= X o -.= 3 >o I- X 5- in is 

thc: c;:s 


0? 


!r»!;-lO-*IMTH(r»l3 -tHthCO 


CO 
CO 


;;;;«;;; ;-*T-i • 


J:- 


» L- JO tH th Q t- . I- C. C: O 
T-(^a> .C5tH tH 
tH . 


co 

g5 


••^ . .THTH-fi^THClTHCO 
• . COS! COtH 


tH 


^1-:OtH«tH . .0»(?JT!>C0 


53 



X ot lO t* m -f o CO I- -f "^ i- 
T- o> C2 S'* >-< -r in JT o i- n i- 

cocococooociotinco^too* 



^ — ^ o< o o> o> ^ p ij^ r; i^ lo 

?^OtCOC0COC^O*^COT"COOS I CI 

--. -H I O 



f- 
o 






-=fc; 






I' 



XC^l-l-OJXOXCOO^i-" 


1 -^ 


o o> i- 1- -f -,= — — -r — X ^hO 




i-t-'^'7«C;Cl'?*OOC0XCi 




(7<i-ir-ii-> i-<i-'i-«i-i 






i-< 





~ t. 53 ^ • • 

xc3s.tr— ■ .~ ., . „ 

'-' = •:? j£ •:- bl ^ tA~c— 5 5^ ?^ =3 



• X 'go 
i r^ 2 S 



C 5 ^ — •—— =: — — o ^ ® i^ 



486 



APPENDIX B. 



H 
O 



O 
I— I 



O 

Q 

H 
CO 



o 

Q 



O 
1^ 

— H 
O 

Pm 

so 



•paqsrujuji 
noijRi.ioiIsuBJj, 


1 i.OW"-00T»S0«««t-'<!fl«t- I- 
T-t T-t r^ 03 


JSOO . ■»}.««»- — «-« -.a 




J ^ 


m •.= o oi r-. -T r^ If ::; v; ^ c; c: 
c; c( n- 1' c; ^* -r ct c: ;r ^ o o 

•O -(• TO -.C O X T! X 15 T* TO O t- 




•p3..o,s!Hoa -ox i«jox iisS"l§lllii 1 






,,y,l7Z^,,.^ i-^-S|S|S|i| 


52 


in rH i- Q -t ::; r; CO w -r* c: 1 x 




Aoua^v lUouiAoidina 
^oaqj suoi5tjoi[ddB -o^j 


-9' -, M 


S 


::::::::::::! : 
:::::::::::: 1 : 












po[i[ S3SB3 .loqiun^ j ^t-a*^ ^ 


■r-i m TO ^ 1-1 T» • ■ • T- 
C-. TO « T-l ... 


1 : 




•amoH ;•« paaajsiSaa 


1 82§3S? ::::::: 












1 • 

1 • 






1 




•a.\\ou>[uu s^uoraiSaa ! '^^ ■^^^'o -l-oji- j; 


— C. TO l-- -f I- -f 5» TJ I- -^ ~. 


'S 
1 

1 

"1 • 

1 ■ 




■S3a;Suj3y; !y s.ia}a9!5aa 1 :::::::'-':::: 


T-< 






•aA.Tasaa uB.iojoA -"--" : : : 


■rl . . IT* 


::: -.^ ::::::: \ -- 
: : : : ::::::: | 




•s.it![ugajj loo'No • j'" 




T-1 


§-" :::;::::: Ig 
« ::::::::: 1 S 




■P9.10100 j WracOOTTO . . 


■ • T-l . 


T^ 


::::-:::::: :p 




uuossiiV ^ luiBtsiuoT; 


n 








cc 




1 " 




■B}osouu!i\i 


• ■ 








1 


•Bsisiuqajj put! avsaj, \ ::::::: 




: 1 : 






•Bui.iojiiBo pu« B.ttoi j "::::": 




• at 


1 : : : : :^ : : : : • • 




a9sa8[uiox5'jC>(ju}uo>i " : :" i*^ :"-^;=;" 


:i§ 




- 




■ • -r-l .-t .C: --ti-HO 

•uisuoDsiAv : : : : : : 


S5 


:::::::::::: 




•■BUBipuI puB SJOUini l-COmTP . .^jNict-.-r^ jc 

i 


'??••.•'?* -^ ... . 




1 -*2«'^'*'^-<'^« • 






1 : 
1 : 

1 TO 
.TO 

1 : 




•omo| S^^355|S^-SS 


5 


3 


l-l T-H 


i 


■uiuiSaiA. ^s* puBiA'.iBj^ 1 :""''""::::;:: 1 'o 


■rH 




'BiuBAiAsnuaj 


S-i OT lO ■* 


Tf 











•.Casjaf .vva^ | :::: '^ ::::::; | '^ 






-rinoocci-oD .-r-ir-i •» ■ o 

•Jl.ioAAvaK " -H^ . : : t^- 


. ^ . ^ . W?* . . . . . 1 








o 


;;;•;;;;;;;.! ■ 




:)uoi},")ouuo3 












: 




•piiB[si apoiiH 1 :: '^ ::::::::: 1 '-' 1 






•siiasuqoBssBiij 


:c.T»^ 




ri 


^^ 




















•4UOIU.13A 1 


T? 


:::::::::::: 




Ui 


<N 




•a.nqsdaiBH Avojy[ 




:::::::::::: 1 : 








•autBK 




* 


.-1— i;;!-! TO 

; : :.;:::: 










• 


sHiojt JO -ox lujox ;^ " -r -?! - « g 


TO TO -f ( - —. — = T» -1- -^ X 


t- 

TO 




•8DSU0H guip.iBoa puB :g^iS?g"S5;::53 i 
siIBH SamiQ IB 9[BaK ; w -n <n ri o* th 


TO TO Tf I- =: — = •:> -r vr X i i- 

(N TO 




•amoH §Sfs7?° : : : : : : : 
^s.T3ip[os IB sisaj^ l^"^'" : : : : : ■ : 









-.gu^gpoT iS|S^ — "-- 


T( • • • T- TO TJ 1? . . • -T 1 ■* 




V. 

E 


1800. 
January.. . . 
February .. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 


September.. 
October .... 
November. . 


S 
o 
o 
o 

p 


"3 
o 


1807. 

January 

February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August .... 
September.. 
October.. .. 

December.. 







APPENDIX B. 



437 



Q 

M 

H 
Z 
O 



o 



o 
o 

H 

I— ( 

o 
<l 
oq 

< 
> 
o 

H 
P^ 
O 

I— I 

<1 

1— ( 

Q 

W 
P^ 



•patisiuanj 
noiiBj.iodsuBjj, 


r-i • W • * •m 'T^ ' 


in 


•popuoclxa USOO 


1— « O O • ■ if5 T-H • O ■ 1 

o: KO o • • c: CO • o • ' 

en o o : : i- o 1 Tt : I 

*t T-l O . . ■?» CC . r-t ,1 

t-l 00 . . 1-1 , .1 

«^ : : : :| 


i 


■pD.ia}siSo}j -ox uuoj. 


«"^? -.r TJ c! CO w ■ .-H • 


^ ! 


•suiooji 
piV }u poJajsiiiaa: 


CO 0» « 7> T? CO CO • 1-t • (W 


■x.iuaSv' ni3uiXo[dma[ ::::::::::) :j 
,o.iqi suoiiBoiidflti 'o^ ::::::::::! :\ 


po[ij S9SB3 jaquiufj 


• ■ T( ;;;«•;;; 1 CO 

: : : : : : : : | 


•siuoji IB pa-ia^siSaa 


::::::::::' : 
•••••••••• 1 • 


•UittonjiHn. s^tistuiSaa 


(?> IC -* S* IN (TJ SI • • • 

T-1 ... 


§ 


■soaSnjaa ^S* saaijasafl 






•oAJasaa uBJajaA 


:::::::::: 
::::::::::! 


; 1 


•8.iB[il8oa 


::::::::::! : 
::::::::::! : 


•pa.io[oo 


:::::::::: 


• 1 


i.uiossii\['y BUBiauioi j :::::::::: 


1 


■B405auu!jv! 


1 .! 

■ 1 1 


■B5i5B.iqa^ put? sT?x8jj 1 :::::::::: 1 : 1 


•BIIUOJIIBO puB BMOI 


I I • ■ • I I I I I 


: 


aassauuaj, TXj[oniaa5i 






•uisnoasiAi 


I I ! C I I I ! I I 




1 . • 'H 

•Bucipui puB siouidi 1 : : ::::::: 


at 


•aBSiqoij^r 






■oiqo ^ ': \ \ r r \ 




v-xnoiiw cv pmq.OBi^ | :::::::::: 


: 


■BtuB.\i.<:suua(j 1 :::::::::: 




•Xosasf A\a>i 


:::::::::: 
:"::.::::: 


: 


•3[.lOi MB^ 


« 


■^uonooauoo :::::::::: 


■ 


•puB[si apoqa 1 :::::::::: 


: 


•sjiasnqaBssBK : : : : : ". : ". ". : 




•}uoaiJ8A ] ::::::::::]: 


•ajiqpdiuBH ^^K 






■auiBj^ 




j 


■sptoK .10 -oj^ 1B}0J, 


0> CO CO 0» « « CO • f« ■ 

T-H CO • • 


g 






•auioH 1 :::::::::: 
.s.iaipioj; IB siBOK 1 :::::::::: 


1 ' 
1 ■■ 


•sSuiSpoi 


; I- ; ; ; ; rH _. . . oo 


1 


January. . .. 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September.. 
October 


i 

o 



iS 



<2 



438 APPENDIX B. 



SPECIAL EELIEF DEPARTMENT. 



•♦• 

CASH REPORT. 

••• 

Paid for building and fiiniishing Soldiers' Home $7,02-1 69 

" Salaries of Home Employes and for Extra Services 3422, 16 

" Subsistence aud Meal Tickets _. 13.200 74 

" Hoasehold Expenses, Fuel and Medicine - 2,026 07 

" Burial Expenses. 6017 

Individual Relief, Transportation and Board of Sick Soldiers 4,018 27 

Expenses of Claim Agency .-_ 6,784 23 

Total $35,536 33 

ELLEN F. TERRY, Treasurer. 



APPENDIX B. 



43 9 



CASH CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOLDIERS' HOME. 



Trinity Churcli, Cleveland $110 61 

S. A. S., Millersburgh 103 HO 

T. W. Keniiard 100 00 

H. B. Perkins, Warren, O 100 00 

Theta Phi Alpha Soc, Cleveland Ins- 

ptitute - 7000 

Dr. W. S. Streator _ 50 00 

Citizens of Frogsville 40 54 

S. A. S., Willousrhby 4« 44 

S. A. S., Bedford 44 50 

Wadsworth Dramatic Club. 4-i 50 

Union League, Cleveland 40 50 

G. E. nerrick._ 35 00 

S. A. S., Earlville 33 25 

Woolson, Hitchcock & Carter 30 50 

Harmon & Crowl 25 00 

B. W. Jenncss & Co_ 25 00 

S. A. S.. Middlebury 25 00 

Lucien S.Phillips 25 00 

S. A. S., Ravenna 25 00 

James Root. Hartford, Ct 25 00 

Seaborn & Hempy 25 00 

Sheldon &French 25 00 

Elisha Savage, Berea, O 25 00 

S. A. S., Gustavus 23 00 

A Friend.. 21 00 

Diidlev Baldwin.. 20 00 

W. Bingham & Co 20 00 

Clark & Rockefeller 20 00 

S. A. S., Cleveland, 7th Ward 20 00 

L. Crawford & Co 20 00 

Crowell & Childs 20 00 

Edwards, Townsend & Co 20 00 

H Harvey 20 00 

C. G. King.. 2000 

S. L. Mather _ 20 00 

S. D. McMillan. 20 00 

Morris & Price 20 00 

Northern Transportation Co 20 00 

S. A. S.. Olmsted Falls 20 00 

Otis & Brownell 20 00 

Parish & Knight 20 00 

H. B. Payne 20 00 

M. B. Scott 20 00 

D. B. Sexton 20 00 

George A. Stanley - 20 00 

Tennis & Dangler 20 00 

Thomas A Butts 20(10 

John F. Warner 20 00 

Geo. Worthington 20 00 

S. A. S., Dover 19 05 

S. A. S., Rawsonville 10 00 

S. A. S, Hiram 10 43 

Bond & Morris 15 (X) 

L. F. & S. Burgess. 15 00 

Rev. L. Carter 15 00 

Cross & Pavne 15 00 

Hushes & Rockefeller 15 00 

W. Sabine 15 00 

James J.Tracy 15 00 

Young People, Dist. No. 5, Parma. . . 12 05 

R. P. Myers.... 11 50 

S. A. S.. Perry 10 57 

H. G. Abbey 10 00 

Adams & Jewett 10 00 

Alcott & Horton 10 00 

Babcock & Hurd 10 00 

F. M. Backus 10 00 

F. T. Backus 10 00 



E. I. Baldwin & Co $ lo qq 

T. S. Beckwith lo 00 

Begges & Sinclair lo 00 

George A. Benedict lo 00 

J. P. Bishop 10 00 

Thos. Bolton - 10 00 

Mrs. Mary Bradford 10 00 

Bratenahl Bros lo 00 

S. A. S. Brooklyn 10 00 

O. A. Brooks & Co 10 00 

Burgert & Adams 10 00 

S. A. S., Burton 10 00 

C.L.Camp 10 00 

W. F. Carey 10 00 

Cash 10 00 

Mrs. H. Chisholm. 10 00 

Chas. Clark 10 00 

J. H. Clark & Co 10 00 

J. B. Cobb &Co 10 00 

W. P. Cooke & Co 10 00 

Dr. E. Gushing 10 00 

Dr. H. K. Cushing 10 00 

J. H. DeWitt 1000 

R. B. Douglass 10 00 

George B. Ely 10 00 

W. P. Fogg - 1000 

Morrison'Foster 1000 

Glaser Bros 10 00 

S. O. Griswold 10 00 

John B. Goodsell 10 00 

E. B. Hale 10 00 

W. B. Hancock 10 00 

T. P. Handy 10 00 

R. Hanna & Co 10 00 

B. Harrington 10 00 

Wm. Hart 10 00 

Mrs. W. R. Henrv 10 00 

Hervev & Bousfleld 10 00 

J. M. &H. T. Hower 10 00 

Hower & Higbee 10 00 

J. M. Hoyt... 1000 

S. Hvman 10 00 

F. Cl Keith 10 00 

M. R. Keith 10 00 

Moses Kelly 10 00 

H. D. Kendall & Co 10 00 

Richard Kimball 10 00 

Koch, Levi & Meyer 10 00 

H. H. Little & Jennings 10 00 

Lyon & Sherman. 10 00 

J. Marchand 10 00 

Geo. F. Marshall 10 00 

T. Maxfleld & Co 10 00 

Dr. C. S. Mackenzie 10 00 

Miller & Parsons 10 00 

George Mygatt 10 00 

Morgan &"Root 10 00 

G.W.Morrill 10 00 

Chas. W. Noble 10 00 

Palmer & Dennis 10 00 

N. P. Payne 10 00 

O.H. Perry 10 00 

F.J.Prentiss 10 00 

Loren Prentiss 10 00 

S. B. Prentiss... 10 00 

Prescotts & Chase 10 00 

A. & E. C. Pope 1000 

A. Quinn & Son 1000 

Raymond, Lowe & Co 10 00 



440 



APPENDIX B. 



CASH CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOLDIERS' HOME— Continued. 



C. A. Read ...- ---$ 10 00 

Adolph Kettbpric - - - - - - 10 00 

Rice & Burnett , 10(10 

John W. Siir2;eant 10 00 

Philo Scovill. --- 10 00 

Seaman & Smith.. 10 00 

Smith &Dodd 10 00 

,T. n. Smith 1000 

Smith &Cui-tiss 10 00 

R.P.Spalding 10 00 

Cieo. Spraguo 10 00 

E. Stair.:... 10 00 

Stillson. Leek & Price 10 00 

.\. B. Stone .--- 10 00 

Strong & Armstrong 10 00 

Tavlor & Griswold 10 00 

John Tod 10 00 

J. H. Wade 10 00 

M rs. P. M. Weddell 10 00 

Horace P. Weddell... 10 00 

C. Whitalier 10 00 

II. S. Whittlesey 10 00 

Lemuel Wick .-- 10 00 

H. Wick & Co 10 00 

Willev&Carv.. 10 00 

S. Williamson 10 00 

(ieo. S. Wright. 10 00 

S. A. S., Tallmadge 00 

J. T. Watterson 00 

Benton Bros f^ 00 

T). U. Pratt. 50 

W. K. Adams 5 00 

A. W. J .- 500 

W. D. Baker 5 00 

J. Benton 5 00 

('. P. Born 500 

I). G. Branch 5 00 

('. G. Bruce 5 00 

F. Butts & Co 5t)0 

Cannon & Freeman... 5 00 

M. Carson 5 00 

Cash .--- 5 00 

Cash 500 

Cash - 500 

Mrs. E. Clark 5 00 

S. Corning 5 00 

R. Cowles 5 00 

W. D. Cushing 5 00 

Davis & Vorce 5 00 

S. Dewev 5 00 

Fusier & Burgert 5 00 

K. F. Gavlord 5 00 

H. C. Hawkins 5 00 

Ililliard & Hatch 5 00 

t4eo. W. Fahrion 5 00 

(Jeo. Freeman 5 00 

John A. Foot 5 00 

(ieo. Ingcrsoll 5 00 

C^apt. Jerome 5 00 

T. M. Kelley 5 00 

H. Leutkemeyer 5 00 

S. Mann 5 00 

S. A. S., Maytield 5 00 

Morehouse & Merriam 5 00 

C. F. Morse 5 00 

(■Jcorge S. Mygatt 5 00 

J. D.''0"Neil & Son 5 00 

JohnM. Peck 5 00 

S. Ranuey - 5 00 



H. K. Raynolds $ 5 00 

C.Shaw 5 00 

T. G. Sholes .5 00 

Mrs. P. A. Sterling 5 00 

Miss Laura W. Sterling .5 00 

A. B. Stockwell .5 00 

Mrs. A. B. Stone 5 00 

C. L. Thompson 5 00 

D. R. Tilden 5 00 

Mrs. W 500 

George Whitelaw 5 00 

J. V.^N. Yates 5 00 

E. Chester 4 00 

H. Lord 4 00 

W. J. Warner 4 00 

Universalist S. S. Conneautville 3 80 

L. C. Baker 3 00 

Cash 300 

Cash 300 

J. 1). Cleveland 3 00 

A. S. Houk. 300 

A. & C. Loeb 3 00 

Silas Smith S 00 

J. Wansor 3 00 

George Wilkinson 3 (HI 

WMllonghbv and Vicinity.. 2 25 

B. &n: B;ier 2 00 

L. Benedict 2 00 

B. P. Bowers 2 00 

B. Butts 200 

Cash 200 

L. Bufi'ett 2 00 

Cash 2 00 

Deckand & Co 2 00 

E. J. Estep 200 

D. W. Gage 2 00 

J. P. Koehler 2 00 

S. May 300 

John Schwab 2 00 

J. F. Whitelaw 2 00 

Mr. Sinclair. 2 00 

A Friend 1 00 

N. Barber 1 00 

S. A. S. Brimfleld 1 00 

S. Brainard 100 

Cash 1 00 

G. W. Clark 100 

R. A. Dver, Newburgh 1 00 

Chas. Flie.dner 1 00 

E. M. Flvnt 1 00 

O. A. Granger. 1 00 

Miss O. R.'Gurney 1 00 

J. Hall '. 1 00 

J. Halle 1 00 

N. Heisel 100 

Mrs. Ilinnian.. 1 00 

Mr. Lvman 1 00 

Mrs. Porter 1 00 

Mrs. Dr. Robinson 100 

Wm. P. Stanley... 1 00 

John Storey 1 00 

Dr. John Wheeler 1 00 

W.J. T 1 (K) 

A Friend 95 

Cash SO 

Mrs. Mitchell 50 

A. n. Brown 50 

S. A. S.. St. Clair Road 42 

C\ash Box at Home 8 70 



APPEJVDIX B, 



441 



BUAXCLl SOCIETIES CONTRIBUTING TO SOLDIERS' HOME. 



Akron, 
a.miiekst. 

ArWATEll. 

Bainbridge. 

Bath. 

Bedford. 

Berlin Centre. 

Berea. 

Berlin Heights. 

BlUJIINGUAM. 
BoARUMAN. 

Boston State R,)ad. 

Bkecksville. 

Brimfield. 

Bristolvii.le. 

Brooklyn, 

Brooklyn Centre. 

Burton. 

Butternut Ridge, Olmsted. 

Chagrin Fall.'*. 

Ch.\rlesto\v'n. 

Chatham Centre. 

Chester Cross Koads. 

CoLLAMEK. 
COLUJIBIA . 

CONNEAUTVILLE UNIVERSAL- 
IST S. S. 

Dover. 

Dover Cong. Church. 

Earlville. 

East Cleveland. 
Euclid. 



Franklin Mills. 

Freedom. 

Garrettsville. 

Geneva. 

Greenpoet. 

CjrREENWICH STATION. 

Gustavus. 

Harrisville. 

iilncklbv and granger. 

Hiram. 

holmesvillb. 

homerville and sullivan 

Glee Club. 
Huron. Christ Church, 
johnsonville. 
Judd's Corners, Concord, O. 
Kent. 

Kingsville. 
Kinsman. 

KiRTLAND. 

Mayfield. 

MiDDLEBURY. 
l\riLLERSBURG. 

Newburgh. 
Newton Falls. 
North Jackson. 
Olena. 
Olmsted. 
Olmsted Falls. 
Painesville. 
Parkman. 
Parisville. 



Parma. 

Perry. 

Randolph. 

Ravenna. 

Rawsonville. 

Rockport. 

RUGOLES. 

Shalersville. 

Sheffield. 

South Rockport. 

St. Clair Road, Cleveland. 

Streetsboro. 

Strongsville. 

Tallmadge. 

Troy, Nova P. O. 

twinsburgh, 

Union Four Cokners. 

Uniontown. 

Unionville. 

Viall District. 

Wadsworth. 

Wadsworth Dramatic Club 

Wakeman. 

Warren. 

Warrensville. 

West Rockport. 

WiCKLIPFE. 

Winchester. 

Windham. 

Willoughby. 

WiLLOUGHBY RiDGE. 



APPENDIX C. 



CLAIM AGENCY REPORT, 



444 APPENDIX c. 



clb:velaxd branch sanitary commisson claim aqency. 



STATEMENT 



NUMBER OF CASES PrLED. 

I II valid Pension _ 97 

Iiicrcasc Invalid Pon^ion, US 

\Vi(li)\v"s Pi'nsion. _ __ o(; 

Incioasf Widow's Pension __ _. ct 

Mother's Pi'iision, _ __ ]5 

Guardian's Pension _ _ 3 

(iiiardian's Pension and Increase,...- _ (i 

Transler Pension, i; 

Anvai's Pension, _ 1 

Arrears I'.iy and Bounty, KIT 

Pension Money ". _ _ 45 

x\dditioi)al Bounty, Act July 28tii lli:j 

Heirs' Additional Bounty, Act July'^Sth,. im 

Avtilicial Limbs ". ."_.. 3 

Tiu-ee Months' Pay ..T./.y..^..^^].^.]!^!/."..] 7 

C'oninintation of Italions _ 13 

M iseellaneous Cases, _ _ _ 3 

Total, ..1890 



FILED TUEOUOn CENTKAI. EUFiEAU OP CLAIMS. 

Invalid Pension 4<) 

Inerease Invalid Pension, 1 

Widow's Pensit)!!, _ K; 

Mother's Pension 1 

Arrears Pay and Bounty, .. IIC. 

C'onnnntation of llations, 7 

Total, IIK) 



EXPENSE account 



By paid salaries Accents and Clerks, $4,419 93 

" prinlinir and adve^'tisinix 72'.l 73 

stationery, postage, leyal blanks and record books, 1.0-^7 55 

notarial fees 1 _ 31 '2 58 

office expenses, desks, safe and notary seal 2.>4 (18 

expenses of collecting claims at Ohio "state Soldiers' Home, 39 77 

Total, $6,784 24 



A P ]' E .N I) I X 1) . 



NAMES OF xA[ EMBERS 



446 



APPENDIX D. 



jNI E M B E R S 



:mrs 


IIenrt G. Abbey. 


" 


S. C. Aiken. 


" 


L. Ai.roTT. 


ik 


Sherlock J. Andrews 


hi 


M. C. K. Arter. 


'^ 


Caleb Atwatkr. 


Miss 


Carrie Atwai'er. 


Mrs? 


Levi Aist. 


JtRS 


. F. T. BACKrs. 


•• 


Henry Baker. 


*' 


TiiKo. Baker. 


" 


E. 1. Baldwin. 


Mis^ 


Mary Baldwin. 


]Mks 


Jamks Baknett. 


Mi*!' 


Annette Barxett. 


Mrs 


J. Beansiin. 


•• 


Geo. E. Beebe. 


hi 


R. A. Beebe. 


bb 


R. V. Becher. 


hi 


M. E. Beikwitii. 


" 


Silas Belden. 


ik 


Geo. a. Benedict. 


" 


L. Benedict. 


fci 


S. M. Beniiam. 


Li 


Curtis Bentos. 


it 


Carlos Benton. 


ii 


Horace Benton. 


ii 


Bester. 


ti 


A. Beverlix. 


■• 


KdWAKD BlNlillAM. 


■■ 


William Binciiam. 


•• 


,). P. BlSHOl". 


" 


BiSSITT. 


MlSsBlXBY. 


Mrs 


S. H. BcVVRDMAN. 




WM. J. BOARDMAN. 


" 


Boise. 


ii 


Thomas Bolton. 


" 


J. BofSFIELD. 


" 


William Bowler. 


" 


J. M. Brainard. 


** 


William Bradford. 


Miss Clara Hramh. 


Mrs 


. C. n. Brayton. 


J[iss Mart Clark Braytdn 


Mrs 


. N. C. Brewer. 


• • 


C. C Brioos. 


iV 


John BRoitai. 


ii 


Fayette Brown. 


ii 


J. C. BlKLL. 


" 


M. BuowN. 


ii 


TllOS. Bl'RNlIAM. 


•• 


L. BURtiKRT. 


" 


p. K. BlRNETT. 


•* 


BlFFINliTON. 


" 


L. BrRTo>j. 


ih 


Levi Bittles. 


" 


Bolivar Bitts. 


ii 


Caldwell. 


•• 


LOIISE i'ALKINS. 


" 


,1. F. Card. 


Miss Alice Carky. 


Mrs 


. Lawson Carter. 


Miss Belle Cartki:. 


Mrs 


. Cartwrigut. 


•' 


J. Lang Casseu.s. 



Mrs Wm. B. Castle. 

■• Sklah Chamberlin. 

" H. M. Chapin. 

" J, H. Cu.\sE. 

" Henry Chisuolm. 

" D. Chittkndkn. 

" Elizabeth Chubb. 

'• E. Clark. 

" I. L. Clark. 

" W. A. Clark. 
Miss M. S. Cleveland. 
Mrs. -T. :M. Coffinberry. 

•• J). O. Cole. 

" Wm. Collins. 

" H. E. Cooke. 

" W. C. COOLEY. 

" John Coon. 

" L. K. COWLES. 

" Wm. Craig. 

" Crapser. 

" J. IL Crittenden. 

" S. W. Crittenden. 

" T. D. Crocker. 

" E. W. Crooks. 

" H. L. Crowell. 

" John Crowell. 

" Crowx. 

" CUBBOX. 

" Cunningham. 

" Wm. T>. Cushing. 

'• H. K. CUSUING. 

•' F. B. Dakrow. 

" Bennitt Dare. 

" Alfred D.wis. 

" Chas. a. Dean. 

" R. B. Dennis. 

" M. J. Dickenson. 

" B. F. Dexter. 

" Degenin. 

" Geo. C. Dodge. 

" R. Button. 

" C. F. Dutton. 

" Donaitte. 

" J. Douglas. 

" O. S. Douglas. 

" Alfred Ely. 

" Geo. B. Ely. 

" A. W. Fairbanks. 

" James Fak.mer. 

" Ferguson. 

" Feusier. 

" Wm. a. Fiske. 
Miss Sarah Fitch. 

" Jennie Fonts. 
Mrs. a. E. Foote. 

" Horace Foote. 

" John A. Foote. 

" Fowle. 

" !Morrison Foster. 

" E. Freeman. 

" A. FULLKR. 

" Geo. W. (Gardner. 
Miss Fannie Gardner. 
Mrs. C. M. Gidings. 
Miss Georgie Gordon. 
Mrs. Hiram Griswold. 



APPENDIX D. 
MEMBERS— CoNTiNUKD. 



447 



Mus. W. B. GuYLES. 




" Hale, W. S. 




Miss S. S. Hall. 




Mrs. Wm. B. Hancock. 




Mus. Ai.BEKT M. Hakmon. 




■' B. llAURINIiTON. 




" J. A. HaivUis. 




" Wm. Hakt. 




" G. H. Haskell. 




Mlss Nellie Haskell. 




Mils. K. Hayes. 




'• JOSEPU Haywaiu). 




'• Wm. H. IIaywai!!). 




'■ G. E. IIekiuck, 




" Chas. Hickox. 




" M. Jl Hun.EV. 




Miss Emma Hills. 




Mks. L. C. HoAii. 




•• HOBART. 




•• Dennis Holt. 




■' It. C. Hopkins. 




" A. G. HOTKINSON. 




" J. M. Hoyt. 




" M. A. Hoyt. 




Miss Idda Hoyt. 




Mrs. IIubbell. 




"• O. E. Huntington. 




'• HURLBURT, W. S. 




•^ H. B. HURLBIKT. 




■■ HUTCUINS. 




'■ L. M. Hubby. 




■' M. Y. HUTTON, 




'• L. D. Hudson. 




" Huntoon. 




" Wm. Hutton. 




" G. A. Hydk. 




" Hiram Iddinus, 




" W. A. INOIIAM. 




•■ J. E. iNCliRSOLL. 




" Isaac A. Isaacs. 




•' E. S. IsoM. 




" E. jENNIN(iS. 




" S. W. Johnson. 




" (J. H. JOUNSON. 




" S. A. Jewett. 




■• T. M. Kelley. 




Miss Kent. 




■' Amelia Kent. 




Mrs. James Kirby. 




•■ Wm. Lacy. 




" M. 0. Lane. 




•' Lauderbale. 




'■ G. W. LEri'ER. 




■■ J. Leonard. 




•' E. H. Lewis. 




■• LiPE. 




•' Thos. List. 




'• H. H. LiTTLK. 




" Juliana Lono. 




*• Lydia Lonu. 




'• W. W. Luck. 




•' Joseph Lyman. 




■* Mallory. 




■■ S. II. MANNINti. 




■' (,". Masters. 




"■ E. Masters. 




" 11. C. MAltSUALL. 




" James Mason. 




" S. II. Mather. 




" Wm. Melhinch. 




" Wm. M. Meri.\m. 




" J. B. Meriam. 




" E. il. Merrill. 





Mrs. Dr. Merritt. 

■' Wm. Milfori). 

" Wm. Mittleberoer. 

■' McNeil. 

" Nelson Monroe. 
Miss Keokee Monroe. 
Mrs. E. p. Morgan. 

" .1. H. MoRLKY. 

" R. P. Myers. 

" J. J. Myers. 

" Geo. Mygatt. 

" Myrick. 

"■ ZiNA Needham. 
Miss MuLViNA Nevins. 
Mus. IIknry Nkwton. 
Miss Julia E. Noblk. 

" Henry Nkwberuv. 

" Stanley L. Noble. 

" O. M. Oviatt. 

" S. B. Page. 
Miss S. Palmer. 
Mrs. J. D. Palmer. 

'■ Fanny Parsons. 

" R. F. Paine. 

" Austin 1'armeter. 

" Peck. 

" Pendleton. 

" Joseph Perkins. 
Miss Phelps. 

" Matilda Pickands, 
Mrs. Pollock. 

'■ Wells Porter. 

" D. IT. Pratt. 

" H. F. Percival. 

•' Perry Prentiss. 

'■ Loren Prentiss. 

" S. B. Prentiss. 

" F. J. Prentiss. 

"■ W. M. Prentice. 

" N. B. PUENTK'K. 

•' W. 11. Price. 
Miss Ellen Puitchard. 
Mrs. p. Probeck. 

" L. M. Pryor. 

" Geo. Presley. 
Miss M. Presley. 
Mrs. N. Purdy. 

" R. P. Ranney. 

" Raymond. 

" J. A. Redington. 

" Reese. 

" D. P. Rhodes. 

" C. L. Rhodes. 

" J. M. Richards. 

" C. H. Roberts. 

" Dr. Rodman. 

" ROITNDS. 

•■ B. Rouse. 
•' B. F. Rouse. 
" C. L. Russell. 

" E. S. I{OOT, 

'• A. CJ. Russell. 

'• W. 8ABINE. 

" J. C. Sanders. 

" Sanderson. 

" Sanfohd. 

" Nelson Sanford. 

" J. H. Sargent. 

" J. W. Sargeant. 
Miss S. Scott. 
Mrs. Philo Scovill. 

" O. C. Scovill. 

" A. G. Searls. 



448 



APPENDIX D. 

MEMBERS-coxTiNUED. 



Mrs 


Lewis Severance. 


" 


John Siiki.i.ey. 


" 


A. SlIARI'IC. 


Miss 


Mary Siiki.i.ey. 


Mrs 


. 1). A. SiiErARi). 


•' 


O. B. Skinnkr. 


•• 


8i<inni;r, W. S. 


•' 


.1. 1?. Simmons. 


.Mrs 


ICzRA Smith. 


** 


Wm. '1'. Smith. 


Mis> 


Mary I''.. Smith. 


Mrs 


W. 1". Sdl'THWORTH 




K. P. Sl'AI.lHNli. 




Sl-ARROWHAWK. 


.Mis> 


L. Sl'Kl. I.MAN. 




C Si'KI. I.MAN. 


Mrs 


Kffik Standart. 




\V. K. Stan HART. 


" 


1. 'r. Stkvkns. 




.lotlN y\. STKRl.INli, 


hk 


K. T. Steri.ino. 


;4 


Jl. B. Sticknky. 


" 


Amasa Stone, Jr. 


^» 


A. B. Si'ONK. 


Mi!?s 


Flora Stone. 


'*■ 


Clara Stone. 


Mrs 


E. Stimm. 




UiKis Swift. 


" 


Swan. 


•• 


]>. C. Taylor. 


•• 


E. Taylor. 




Charles .\ Tkrry. 


Miss 


Ellen F Terry. 


Mks 


Petku Tuatcuek. 



.Jr 



Mrs. T)r. Thayer. 

" EuwiN Thayer. 

" J. A. Thome. 

" CI. Ticker. 
Mrs. D. K. Tildkn. 

•• S. C. Van Horn. 

" John Varner. 

" A. Vantassel. 

" J. II. Waih;. 

•■ Kandall Wade. 
Miss T,ii.\- Walton. 

" Walworth. 
Mrs.B. r. Warh. 

■■ Wm. >I. WARMINtiTON. 

■■ J. Waubirton. 
Miss Warmincton. 
^Irs. Washini;ton. 

■• V. Wehdei.l. 

■■ A. J. Wenham. 

■• A. WlIKKl.KR. 

■• Charles \V heeler. 

■■ 11. L. \\'hitman. 

•' S. Williamson. 

•• II. V. Wii.i.soN. 

" T. P. Wilson. 

'• I">oro.i.AS White. 

■■ M'ei.ch. 

■■ Stii. L.MAN Witt. 

" ('. A. WOODWORTH. 

•• R. C. Yates. 
•• J. V. X. Yates. 
■" M. 0. YoixuLOVE. 
Miss Carrie V. Yoinulovk. 



HON R A K V -M KM BE US, 



Fitch Ahams. 

L. Alcott. 

U. II. Babcock. 

Charles C. Baldwin. 

Drni.EY Baldwin. 

E. I. Baldwin. 

C. J. r.ALl.ARD. 

T. S. Beck WITH. 
Geo. E. Bkkbe. 
.\. II. Benedict. 
Earl Bill. 
William Binoham. 
William .1. Boardman. 
T. X. Bond. 
W. II. Boy DEN. 
ii. k. boyi.ston. 
Francis Branch. 
I>. G. Branch. 
Charles G. Bratknahl 
II. F. Bray-ton. 
O. A. Brooks. 
BiHT. Hose & Co. 
Theodore Bi'rv. 
Bolivar Butts. 
W. F. Carey. 
Charles C. Carter. 
W. L. Carter. 
Leonard Case, Jr. 
II. M. Chai-in. 
G, a. Chii.ds. 
S. P. Chirihill, 
James F, Clark. 



Henry F. Clark. 
I. L. Clark. 
B. J. Cor.B. 
Cau-sC Cobb. 
CoE it Hastings. 
CoK it May. 
Ma.i. John Coon. 
E, Cowles. 

R. COWLRS, 

L Crawford. 
Wm, W. Crawkord 

C^liDEN CRITTKNDT^N. 

S. W. Crittknden. 
II L. Crowei.l. 
Wm Crowei.l. 
Wm. D. CrsHiNu. 
n. .\. TV\N(;ler. 
n S. Davis. 
Wm. Edwards. 
Dan. p. Eells. 
T. DwuiHT Eells. 
a. Ely, Jr. 
Gi-o B. Ely. 
T. W. Evans. 

J. FiNciER. 

Morrison Foster. 

J. .\. FOOTE. 

(iEo. Freeman. 
Li'KE B. French. 

Hai.zie J. Fri.LKR. 

H. C. Gayi.ord. 

Kkv. W.m. II. Goodrich. 



APPENDIX D. 
HONORARY MEMBERS— Continued. 



449 



A. S. OOKIIAM. 
E. R. fililSWOLD. 

E. T. Hall. 
H. M. Hall. 
ITniov H.vi.i,. 
E. N. Hammond. 
T. P. TTanuv. 
Kor.Eur Hanna. 
Wm Haut. 
H. a. Hakvey. 
W. H. Hauvkt. 
H. H. Hatch. 
R. Hausman. 
J. Haywaud. 

(t. E. H lilUCK. 

E. C. Uinv.EK. 
Addison Hills. 
n. O. Hitchcock. 

B. W. HOKTON. 

Jonx G HowKR. 
Jamks M Hoyt. 
Artiiuk Hughes. 
n. H HruLRuiiT. 
J. O. HnssEY. 

F. JimsoN. 

F. C. KiCITH. 

H. T> Kl'VDALL. 

Robert Knight. 
Wm Lawtev. 
T W Leek 

H. W, LEUTKEMKTEn. 

H. H Little. 

Geo H Lodge. 

R. H. Lodge. 

E. C. Luce. 

H. C. Lucis. 

S. Mann. 

H. C, AIarshall. 

Samuel L. Mather. 

Samuel H. Mather. 

Wm. M. Maxon. 

C. S. Macicnzie. 

W. J. McKlNNlE. 
W'lLLIAM MkLUINCH. 

J. B. Mkriam. 
S D. McMillan. 
Jacob Miller. 
E. p. Morgan. 

G. B. Murpey. 
R. P. Myers. 
Geo. Myoatt. 
J. Y). Norton. 
O. M, Oviatt. 

Rev. Wilbur F. Paddock. 
J. B Parsons. 
R. C. Parsons. 
B. P. Pkixotto. 
Nathan P. Payne. 

JOSEVII PiCHKlNS. 
A. M. PfRRY. 

Oliver H. Peisry. 
E C. Pope. 
Chauncey Prentiss. 



F .T. Prentiss. 

S. U. PliEMTISS. 

P. r Prick. 
W. IL Price. 

A. QuiNN it Son. 
8. Raymond. 

pl k r - y.nolds. 
Wm Rockefeller. 
E. Rockwell. 
James Root. 
R. R. Root. 

B. F. Rouse. 
l. d. rucker. 
Geo H. Russell. 
Alkx. Sackktt. 

E. W Sackrider. 
Dr. John c;. Sanders. 
M 15. Scott. 

o. c. scovii.le. 
Seaborn & Hk.mpt. 
John Seaman. 
Geo. B. Senter. 
D. B. Sexton. 
Geo. a. Stanley. 
S. L. Severance. 

S. H. SlIKLDON. 

Joseph SiiipptN. 
O. B. Skinnee. 

J. B. SiMITII. 

W. T. Smith. 

S. C. Smith. 

Orso.n Spencer. 

Geo. Sprague. 

John M. Sterling, Jr. 

H. H Stilso.v. 

A. Stone. Jr. 

John Tennis. 

P' TER Thatcher, Jr. 

C. L. Thompson. 
Amos Townsend. 
h b. 'j'uttle. 

J. H. Wade 

F. T. Wallace. 
T. Walton. 

T. A. Walton. 
H. D. Wattkrson. 
J. L. Weatherly. 
H. P. Wkodsll. 
John A. Wheeler. 
Charles L. White. 
John E. AVhite. 
A. H. VV^icK. 
C. C. Wick. 
Geo. Willey. 
W. G Williams. 

A. P. WiNSLOW. 

R. K. Winslow. 
Stillman Witt, 
c. j. woolson. 
Geo S. Wright. 
W. W. Wright. 
R. C. Yates. 

M. C. Y0UNGL0V3. 



30 



452 



APPENDIX E. 



AMATEUR PATRIOTIC CONCERT. 

ACADEMY OF MUSIC, SEPT. 24, 18C1. 
(Page 30.) 



Soprano?.— Miss Nettie Brayton, Miss Mary Shelley, Miss Nellie Wick, Miss Clara 
Woolson, Miss Emma Witt. 

Contraltos.— Miss lUic Crawford, Miss Constance Woolson. 

Tenors.- E. C. Rouse, A. J. Moultou. 

Bassos.— J. II. Stanley, J. II. DcWitt, J. F. Whitclaw, J. Erable, J. P. Holbrook, Ed. 
Stair. 

Pianists.- Prof. J. Long, Mrs. J. M. Isaacs. 



A i\I A T E U R E N T E R T A I N ]\I E N T 

Music and Tableaux Vivakts. 

academy of music, maech 3 and 5, 1863. 

(Page 102.) 



Executite Committee.— E. C. Parsons, Joseph Perkins, Stillman Witt, M. C. Yonng- 
love, William Edwards, John M. Sterling, Jr , J. Burton Parsons, B. P. Pci.^otto, T. N. 
Bond, Mrs. M. C. Younglove, Mrs. Wm. J. Boardman, Miss Terry. 

Sopranos.- Mrs. S. J. Miller, Miss Mary Shelley, Miss Emma Witt, Miss Nellie Y.inghan, 
Miss Lizzie Gates, Miss Nellie Wick. 

Tenor.— E. C. Eonse. 

Basso.— D. O. Cole. 

PiAMiSTS.— Mrs. George S. Mygatt, Misses Ara and Bella Stone, Geo. W. Brainard. 

Violoncello.— D. O. Cole. 



APPENDIX K 453 



NORTHERN II I SANITARY FAIR 



SPECIAL COMMITTEES 
(Page 144.) 



ON BUTLDENGS AND HALLS. 

Peter Thatcher, Jr., Chairman; Dr. E. Sterling, Secretary; Randall Crawford, W.J. 
Warner, W. F. Smith, J. M. Blackburn, S. C. Brooks, S. N. Neltion, Geo. IL Burt, R. R. 
Herrick, Geo. P. Smith, Wm. Rattle, P. Freeman. 

Lumber.— C. G. King. Ezra Thomas, L. C. Butts, A. J. Piper, E. Freeman, C. S. Ran- 
som, L. M. Cobb, A. M. Harman, S. H. Crowl, Isaac Sturtevant, P. B. Young, N. Purdy, 

C. McNeil, Sheldon & French, B. W. Jcuness, Edward Sauford, William Sabin, Nelson 
Sanford; Henderson & Wilson, Mayfield; Page & Beer, Collamer; J. W. Rogers, Ashta- 
bula ; L. P. Gage, Palnesville. 

Gas.— William E. Beckwith, G. A. Hyde, Mark W. House, T. Dwight Eclls, Timothy 
Heath, W. P. Fogg. 

Watek.— S. F. Lester, George W. Girty, J. McGarvey, L. M. Hubby, Joseph Singer, 
B. P. Bowers. 

Heating.— C. J. Woolson, W. L. Carter, Horace G. Hitchcock, C. P. Born, C. Whitaker, 
R. P. Myers, J. Wansor, J. B. Parish, S. Merchant, R. Knight. 

ON RECEPTION. 

I. U. Masters, Chairman; Amos Townsend, H. S. Stevens, B. Rouse, E. C. Rouse, Wm 
Collins, J. P. Bishop, Mrs. B. Rouse, Mrs. Wm. Melhinch, Mrs. L. Burton. 

Railroads.— L. M. Hubby, John Gardner, A. Stone, Jr., J. N. McCullough, T. W. 
Kennard. 

Traksportatiox.- E. S. Flint, H. Nottingham, L. D. Rucker, Charles L. Rhodes, Wm. 
Hewitt, Charles E. Gorham, A. Everett, W. G. Yates, H. II. Eldis. 

ON DECORATIONS. 

T. N. Bond. Chairman; John M. Sterling. Jr., Marcus A. Hanna, Fayette Brown, Silas 
Merchant. J. Ensworth, Geo. E. Hall, Geo. W. Chapin. Bolivar Butts, D. Pratt, C Busch, 
Geo. Stowell, D. A. Dannrler, C. W, Palmer, Caius C. Cobb, George Hewlett, Geo. B. Ely, 
B. F. Peixotto, J. H. DeWitt, H. C. Luce, J. S. Tascott, H. C. Marshall, Dr. John Dickin- 
son, R. F. Paine, D. P. EoUs, A. M. Van Duzer, G. W. CrowcU, John Sargeant, L. R. 
Morris, Charles C. Carter, Charles A. Brayton, George C. Vaillant, S. Chamberlain, D. R. 
Morris. John Wightman. Geo. W. Howe. Geo. Woodworth, Capt. S. F. Drake, Capt. H. 

D. Pheatt, Capt. S. Rummage, Belden Seymour, F. R. Myers, II. P. Seymour. Capt. Ed. 
Kelly, S. B Conklin, John Robinson. J. V. Painter, Charles W. Noble, George W. Rouse, 
I. W. Bla'ce, Simuel Stair, John Walker. Charles G. Atwood, Dr. C. O. Butler, J. Hough- 
ton, T. W. Morse, Capt. James Hill, Henry Sizer, A. Mcintosh. Dr. E. Taylor, James Far- 
mer, G. n. Lodge, A. C. Hubbell, George A. Tisdale, Loren Prentiss, Perry Prentiss, Capt. 



454 APPENDIX E. 

T. W. Steele, S. P. Jenkins, Mrs. T. N. Bond, Mrs. Joseph Hay ward, Mrs. C. M. Gidings, 
Mrs. S. Witt, Mrs. J. D. Palmer, Mrs. Charles Doiihleday, Mrs. H. H. Little, Mrs. J. F. 
Card, Mrs. W. W. Chandler, Mrs. Robert Hanna, Mrs. John A. Ellsler, Mrs. J. M. Gillette, 
Mrs. John Tod, Mrs. E. N. Keyes, Mrs. A.M. VanDuzer, Mrs. Henry Sizer, Mrs. William 
Smythe, Mrs. J. R. Shiphcrd, Mrs. Swift, Mrs, B. F. Pratt, Mrs. C. D. Cook. Mrs. J. Ens- 
worth, Mrs. S. P. Churchill. Mrs. H. A. Hurlburt, Mrs. L. L. Doming, Mrs. W.D. McBride, 
Mrs. J. W. Sargeant, Mrs. William May, Mrs. G. Woodworth, Mrs. W. Wellhouse, Mrs. 
J. H. Sargent, Mrs. P. G. Watmough, Mrs. J. J. Myers, Mrs. William Shipherd, Mrs. W. 
F. Smith, Mrs. R. T. Lyon, Misses Ariel Hanna, Louise Gardner, Fanny Paine, Mary 
Mahan, Ruth Kellogg, Sarah Walworth, Mary Lodge, Clara Miles, Nina Miles, Lizzie 
Dockstader, Emma Hancock, Lizzie Phoatt, Harriet Hurlburt, Alice McCurdy, Jessie Fox, 
Mary Stetson, Lily Walton, Fanny Smith, Lily Barstow, Mary J. Blair, Hattie Blair, M. 
Barstow, S. Barstow, Fanny Gardner, Clara Hurlburt, Libbie Fitch, S. Petta, L. Robinson, 
Emily Stair, Mary Stair, Lucy Blair, Nelly Blair, Kate Larrimore, Sarah Gardner, Ollie 
Coon, Mary Lane, Mattie Tildcn, Julia Durgin, Matilda Pickands, Julia Kellogg. 

ON PRODUCE. 

J. G. Hussey, Chairman; Geo. W. Gardner, Secretary; O. M. Oviatt, R. T. Lj'on, J. G. 
Simmons, W. H. Sholl, C. J. Comstock, M. B. Scott, George Sprague, T. Walton, J. H. 
Gorham, P. Chamberlin, N. Heisel, Addison Hills, Thomas Burnham, H. M. Hall, A. C. 
Hubbell, A. J. Wenham, L. A. Pierce, William Melhinch, T. W. Evans, F. Raymond, H. 
S. Davis, J. H. Clark, A. V. Cannon, P. H. Babcock, M. B. Clark, B. H. Stair, Chauncey 
Prentiss, George Sinclair, William Rockefeller, William Murray, Robert Hanna, H. Harvey, 
A. Burgert, S. F. Lester, Charles Bradburn, George Corning, R. S. Weaver, B. Browncll, 
J. Bash, Toledo ; G. D. Bates, Akron ; H. A. Foster, Minerva ; Hull & Buss, Oneida ; L. S. 
& C. A. Crim, Gallon ; L. K. Warner, Newark ; Isaac Steese, Massillon ; John Dickson, 
Bolivar ; E. Burnett, Canal Dover ; A Woodward, Bellevue ; George Thornton, Sandusky ; 
H. S. Lucas, Marion ; J. M. Johnson, Oberlin ; D. T. Haines, Muncie ; Samuel Bartlett, 
Canal Winchester ; Hills & Co., Delaware; O. J. Mauzy, Union City; Morrison & Dins- 
more, Erie, Pa. ; R. M. N. Tajdor, Meadville, Pa. ; A. Wallace, Indianapolis, lud. 

ON MACHINERY AND MANUFACTURES. 

M. C. Younglove, Chairman; George Worthington, Charles Whitaker, Wm. F. Smith, 
E. C. Garlick, Alton Pope, R. P. Myers, Jacob Lowman, William Hart, Geo. A. Stanley, 
Jacob Hovey, E. C. Bacon, S. A. Jewett, C. J. Woolson, S. M. Carpenter, Wm. Marriott, 
John P. Holt, G. W. Sizer, Charles Wason, G. W. Morrell, C. Koch, James Seaborn, J. 
W. Britton, Wm. Dewitt, John Young, Robert Knight, J. G. Graham, A. M. Ilazen, Thos. 
Jones, Jr., C. S. Ransom, Walter Farnan, J. F. Holloway, E. W. Brooks, F. D. Stone ; 
James Ward, Jr., Niles ; N. B. Gates, Elyria ; Gen'l C. P. Buckingham, Mt. Vernon ; C. L. 
Boalt, Norwalk ; P. P. Sanford, Painesville ; Marvin Kent, Kent ; R. F. Russell, Toledo ; 
J. H. Brown, Youngstown ; J. W. Williams, Chagrin Falls ; C. Aultman, Massillon ; Clem- 
ent Russell, Massillon ; A. Kent, Akron ; D. K. Wisell, Warren ; Liddell & McCarty, 
Erie, Pa. 

Iron, Steel and Copper.— A. G. Smith, A. B. Stone, C. A. Otis, Henry Chisholm, Major 
Collins. 

Correspondence.— A. H. Massey, N. W. Taylor, P. E. Schrieber, F. O. Bacon, W. H. 
Burridge. 

ON MERCHANDISE. 

William Bingham, Chairman; C. W. Coe, Secretary; L. Alcott, S. D. McMillan, O. A. 
Brooks, E. I. Baldwin, H. D. Kendall, A. G. Colwell, L. L. Lyon, L. F. Burgess, J. B. 
Cobb, N. E. Crittenden, E. Stair, F. C. Keith, W. P. Fogg, J. B. Parish, S. M. Strong, H. 



APPENDIX E. 455 

L. Crowell, A. Rottberg, J. H. Chase, J. A. Vincent, John Shelley, O. A. Childs, G. W. 
Whitney, S. S. Lyon, J. W. Sargeut, William T. Smith, A. S. Gardner, E. W. Sackrider, 
Charles G. Bratenahl, R. R. Root, E. L. Dodd, B. Butts, W. D. Baker, George Whitelaw, 
H. A. Stephens, R. J. Fuller, C. E. Morse, J. Marchand, William Lowrie, Peter Diemer, 
Wm. Beckonbach, B. F. Ronse, S. Corning, C. S. Bragg, W. B. nancock, George F. Mar- 
shall, R. P. Cattrall, W. R. Mould, E. S. Willard, W. H. Truscott, Carlos Benton, Capt. D. 
P. Nickerson, E. C. Pope, P. W. Rice, Isaac A. Isaacs, E. M. Flynt, D. W. Cross, S. M. 
Cad}', John E. White, J. H. Weed, M. Halle, Henry Hill. 

ON WOOD AND COAL. 

J. V. N. Yates, Chairman ; J. F. Card, James Farmer, John Hays, Allen Jones, J. P. 
Price, William McReynokls, E. N. Hammond, Capt. Lacey, W. W. Crawford, Freeman 
Butts. 

ON BOOTHS AND FANCY TABLES. 

Mrs. Fayette Brown, Chairman; Mrs. A. B. Stone, Mrs. William Bingham, Mrs. D. P. 
Rhodes, Mrs. J. II. Chase, Mrs. E. B. Hale, Mrs. William Collins, Mrs. J. G. Hussey, Mrs. 
F. A. Sterling, Mrs. Robert Hauna, Mrs. H. M Chapin, Mrs. D. Chittenden. 

ON FANCY ARTICLES. 

Mrs. A. G. Cohvcll, Chairman ; Mrs. A. W. Fairbanks, Secretary ; Mrs. W. J. Boardman, 
Mrs. S. J. Miller, Mrs. W. D. Cashing, Mrs. George Willey, Mrs. F. J. Prentiss, Mrs. R. 

F. Paine, Mrs. J. M. Sterling, Jr., Mrs. J. M. Richards, Mrs. A. Stone, Jr., Mrs. D. P. 
Eells, Mrs. D. R. Tilden, Mrs. A. A. Adams, Mrs. G. E. Herrick, Mrs. A. J. Moulton, Mrs. 
Joseph Perkins, Mrs. P. Roeder, Mrs S. B. Prentiss, Mrs. L. D. Rucker, Mrs. H. Iddlngs, 
Mrs. J. B. Meriam, Mrs. L. Buttles, Mrs. J. C. Sanders, Mrs. D. Howe, Mrs. A. G. Law- 
rence, Mrs. W. W. Andrews, Mrs. A. G. Riddle, Mrs. W. P. Fogg, Mrs. Charles Lepper, 
Mrs. Isaac A. Isaacs, Mrs. A. Rettberg, Mrs. S. Chamberlain, Mrs. F. X. Byerly, Mrs. C. 

G. Bratenahl, Mrs. Alfred Ely, Mrs. Fanny Parsons, Mrs. B. F. Peixotto, Mrs. J. H. De 
Witt, Mrs. Fitch Adams, Mrs. S. H. Boardman, Mrs. William Bradford, Mrs. E. I. Baldwin, 
Mr.s. H. R. Hatch, Mrs. C. R. Evatt, Mrs. J. M. Hughes, Mrs. C. A. Crumb, Mrs. Robert 
Knight, Mrs. T. H. Hawks, Mrs. S. W. Crittenden, Mrs. J. A. Thome, Mrs. J. H. Rylance, 
Mrs. Thomas Bolton, Mrs. H. C. Luce, Mrs. H. Garrettson, Mrs. S. K. Davis, Mrs. J. V. 
Painter, Mrs. H. P. Weddell, Mrs. Wm. G. Williams, Mrs. E. C. Rouse, Mrs. A. T. Brins- 
made, Mrs. W. W. Wright, Mrs. S. O. Griswold, Mrs. H. C. Gaylord, Mrs. William Hil- 
liard, Mrs. L. Austin, Mrs. C. C. Cobb, Mrs. E. Ransom, Mrs. S. Brainard, Mrs. George 
W. Gardner, Mrs. W. D. Baker, Mrs. J. Singer. 

Misses Prentiss, S. S. Hall, Sarah Fitch, M. J. Blair, Sarah Walworth, Sarah Stanley, 
Alice Fairbanks, Belle Carter, Nelly Russell, Nelly Wick, Florence Wick, Amelia Burton, 
Frances Foote, Agnes Foote, Emily Stair, Nelly Andrews, Hattie Colwell, Fanny Col- 
well, Marion Clark, Annie Clark, Kitty Worley, Mary Goodwin, Mattie Tilden, Kitty Kelly, 
Augiiota Rhodes. 

ON FLORAL HALL. 

Mrs. Dr. E. Sterling, Chairman; Laura W. Sterling, Secretary; F. R. Elliott, Superin- 
tendent ; Joseph Perkins, II. B. Hurlburt. S. Witt, H. F. Clark, C. G. Bratenahl, A. Mcin- 
tosh, William Rattle, Geo. A. Stanley, Dr. E. Taylor, Dr. W. II. Beaumont, J. Kirkpatrick, 
William Crowell, Geo Iloyt, James Fitch, C. Chandler, Dr. G. F. Turrill, Morris Jackson, 
John L. Mcintosh, Henry Iloyt, William Root. 

Mrs. S. Witt, Mrs. John Shelley, Mrs. II. B. Hurlburt, Mrs. W. II. Beaumont, Mrs. E. S. 
Root, Mrs. L. Prentiss, Mrs. E. Taylor, Mrs. C. A. Hayes, Mrs. J. H. Sargent, Mrs. Wm. 
Smythe, Mrs. T. N. Bond, Mrs. F. R. Elliott, Mrs. G. F. Turrill, Mrs. J. D. Hurd. 



45 G APPENDIX E. 

Misses Josie Wheeler. E. Strcator, M. Streator, Helen Cutter, Mary Stevens, Augusta 
Rhodes, Nelly Russell, Fanny Hoyt, Illie Crawford, Emma Witt, Laura W. Ililliard, M. 
Mcintosh, Lizzie Bolton, 11. Doane, A. Doane. 

Dr. J. P. Kirtland, Dr. and Mrs. Ilofi'raan, Mrs. Lewis Nicholson. Mrs. Charles Pease, 
Gov. and Mrs. Wood, IMr. and Mrs. George B. Merwin, Rockport ; E. P. Bassett, Mrs. J. 
A. Scott, Mrs. Israel Hall, Toledo; J. Storrs, J. J. Harrison. Mrs. Horace Steele, Jr.. Mrs. 
P. P. Sanford, Rev. J. A. Brayton, Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Avery, Painesville ; C. L. Boalt, 
John Gardner. J. II. Beardsley, Mr. and Mrs. S. T. Worcester, Norwalk; Messrs. Luce 
& Strong, Ashtabula; Mrs. C. .\rthur Ely, Mrs. Heman Ely, Elyria; H. S. Abbey, David 
L. King, Akron ; E. N. Sill, J. H. Cook, Cuyahoga Falls ; S. B. Marshall, Mrs. L. Teller, 
Miss Jane Watson, Massillon ; J. P. Robison, Bedford; H. B. Lum, H. Dewey, Mrs O. 
Follott, Sandusky; William Porter, Mrs. Henry B. Perkins, Mrs. Frederick Kinsman, 
Mrs. Barton Fitch, Mrs. 0. Morgan, Warren ; H. Manning, W. S. Crawford. Youngstown ; 
Hon. and Mrs. John Sherman. Mrs. Charles T. Sherman, Mansfield; S. Bieler, Zoar ; S. 
W. Campbell, Delaware ; Mr. Bonsall. Salem : E. Stone, Jlrs. McClure, Milan : M. B. Bate- 
ham, A. Hanneford, Columbus; Dr. Jewett. Middlebury ; Robert Johnston, Rootstown ; 
N. Kelly, Mr. and ISIrs. Carpenter, Mrs. E. Huntington, Kelly's Island; Mrs. Ruggles 
Wright, Huron ; R. P. Fulkerson, Ashland ; II. K. Morse, Poland ; H. H. Myers, Canton ; 
Charles Coit, Euclid ; Mrs. E. A. Slingluff, Canal Dover; E. Huidekoper, Meadville, Pa. ; 
Alfred Curtis, Sharon, Pa. ; T. L. Shields. Sewickley, Pa. 

ON TABLES AND TABLE FURNITLTIE. 

William Edwards and Mrs. M. C. Yonnjjlove, Chairmen; John M. Sterling, Jr., J. B. 
Parsons, Capt. J. Ensworth, John A. Wheeler, E. S. Flint, C. R. Evatt, W. H. Sholl, M. 

A. Hanna, W. R. Mould, George Stowell, M. A. Brown, Henry Bingham, Mrs. H. L. Cro- 
well, Mrs. N. W. Taylor, Mrs. J. G. Hussey, Mrs. L. Alcott, Mrs. S. Corning, Mrs. H. C. 
Blossom, Mrs. James Wade, Jr., Mrs. S. Starkweather, Mrs. E. S. Flint, Mrs. John Brough, 
Mrs. C. J. Ballard, Mrs. O. A. Brooks, Mrs. B. F. Rouse, Mrs. E. Cowles, Mrs. Jas. Mason, 
Mrs. L. F. Mellen, Mrs. Geo. Chapman, Mrs. T. R. Chase, Mrs. A. C. Keating, Mrs. D. P. 
Rhodes, Mrs. Dr. Cassels, Mrs. Geo. H. Russell, Mrs. L. A. Pierce. Mrs. C. L. Rhodes, Mrs. 
E. T. Sterling, Mrs. W^m. C. North, Mrs. E. A. Scovill, Mrs. H. L. AATiitman, Mrs. O. N. 
Skeels, Mrs. B. Butts, Mrs. Geo. B. Ely, Mrs. Wm. Robinson, Mrs. S. A. Jewett, Mrs. E. 
L. Knowlton, Mrs. J. E. Turner, Mrs. A. Fuller, Mrs. Edw'd Bingham, Mrs. J. Ross, Mrs. 

B. F. Collins, Mrs. A. P. Winslow, Mrs. S. H. Sheldon, Mrs. J. A. Thome, Mrs. Carlos 
Benton, Mrs. G. W. Whitney, Mrs. A. J. Breed, Miss Annette Barnett, Miss Scott. 

ON REFRESHMENTS. 

Mrs. Thomas Burnham. Chairman ; ;Miss Anne Walworth, Secretary. 

Soliciting and Receiving.— Mrs. William T. Smith, Mrs. E. F. Gaj-lord, Mrs. P. M. 
Weddell, Mrs. Philo Scovill, Mrs. Rob't Hanna, Mrs. Dr. John Wheeler, Mrs. Geo. Mygatt, 
Mrs. P. Thatcher, Jr.. i\Irs. J. A. Foot, Mrs. Silas Belden, Mrs. James Farmer, Mrs, John 
Crowell. :Mrs. Wm. Lemen. Mrs. O. M, Oviatt. Mrs. A. S. Sanford, Mrs. C. Stetson, Mrs. 
Dr. Starkey, Mrs, Geo. C. Dodge, Mrs. L. Crawford, Mrs. H. Wick, Mrs. Harvey Rice, 
Mrs. H. Harvey. Mrs, II. Garrettson, Mrs. W. S. Streator, Mrs. Charles Wheeler, :Mrs. T. 
S. Beckwith, Mrs. C. A. Dean, Mrs. J. M. Richards, Mrs. D. Chittenden, Mrs. J. H. Chase, 
Mrs. S. Raymond, Mrs. H. A. Hurlburt, Mrs. J. Beverlin, Mrs. A. Quinn, Mrs. W, R. Henry, 
Mrs. D. G. Branch, Mrs. M. C. Arter, Mrs. W. D. McBride, Mrs. J. G. Hussey, Mrs, J. 
Stoppel, Mrs. Geo. A. Hyde, Mrs. C. Wason, Mrs. I. T. Stevens, Mrs. J. Dickinson, Mrs. 
J. Ensworth, Mrs. W. P. Soulhworth, Mrs. J. J. Rockefeller, Mrs. S. W. Johnson, Jlrs. 
P. Rocdor, Mrs. O. E. Huntington, Mrs. Alfred Ely, Mrs. M. Crapser, Mrs, Dr. Hortou, 
Mrs, II. N. Bander, Mrs. W. B. Hancock. Mrs. H. C. Gaylord. Mrs. Dr. T. P. Wilson, Mrs. 
D. W. Cross, Mrs. S. R. Beckwith, Mrs. L. C. Butts, Mrs, L, W, Curtiss, Mrs, George II 



APPENDIX E. 457 

Warmington, Mrs. IT. Ilurd, Mrs. G. W. Jones, Mrs. L. L. Deming. Mrs. Sam'l M. Strong, 
Mrs. C. L. Jones, Mrs. S. Jackson, Mrs. J. C. Bucll, Mrs. C. C. Cobb, Mrs. Geo. Whitelaw, 
Mrs. Robert Knight, Mrs. J. H. Sargent, Mrs. Bissett, Mrs. Ilarbcck, Misses Clara Hyde, 
Susie Northrup, Mary Stair, O. J. Bander, 

Ice Cream and Cake.— Mrs. Josepli Lyman, Mrs. Uenry Sizer, Mrs. Wm. Edwards, 
Mrs. J. C. Grannis, Mrs. H. Harvey, Mrs. J. M. Hughes, Mrs. S. J. Miller, Mis. H. G. 
Abbey, Mrs. D. W. Cross, Mrs. Geo. W. Howe, Mrs. A. S. Gorham, Mrs. E. C. Mould, 
Mrs. E. N. Koyes, Mrs. L. B. French, Mrs. O. A. Knight, Mrs. S. O. Grisvold. Mrs. C. A. 
Otis, Mrs. Thomas Bolton, Mrs. R. P. Ranney, Mrs. R. B. Dennis, Mrs. S. J. Lewis, Mrs. 
A. M. Harman, Mrs. H. S. Stevens, Mrs. C. L. Russell, Mrs. A. E. Adams, Miss Julia 
Newberry, Miss M. J. Blair. Miss Bowlesby. 

Oysters.— Mrs. L. L. Lyon, Mrs. Wm. Mittleberger, Mrs. L. Rawson, Mrs. H. V. Will- 
son, Mrs. Horace Foote, Mrs. B. Butts, Mrs. S. D. McMillan, Mrs. T. M. Kelley, Mrs. Jas. 
Barnett, Mrs. S. J. Andrews, Mrs. D. P. Rhodes, Mrs. J. H. Wade, Mrs. G. yV. Whitney, 
Mrs. L. Alcott, Mrs. John Coon, Mrs. Wm. Shepard, Mrs. Charles Whitaker, Mrs. J. M. 
Cofflnberry, Mrs. W. J. Gordon, Mrs. George H. Burritt, Mrs, J. C. Calhoun. 

CoFrEE.— Mrs. Wm. Rattle, Mrs. James F. Clark, Mrs. O. C. Scovill, Mrs. R. F. Paine, 
Mrs. Charles Hickox, Mrs. C. D. Brayton, Mrs. H. D. Kendall, Mrs. R. C. Yates, Mrs. 
Daniels, Mrs. B. ILarrington, Mrs. T. P. Handy, Mrs. F. T. Backus, Mrs. S. L. Mather, 
Mrs I. L. Clark, Mrs. Dudley Baldwin, Mrs. S. H. Mather, Mrs. George B. Senter, Mrs. 
S. H.Kimball, Mrs. J. A. Hart, Mrs. Henry Newberry, Mrs. G. A. Tisdale, Mrs. H. B. 
Tuttle, Mrs. John E Cary, Mrs. E. Shepard, Mrs. J. Merriam, Mrs. C. E. Gorham. 

ON MEMORIALS AND CURIOSITIES. 

H. F. Brayton, Chairman ; Col. Chas. Whittlesey^ Col. C. C. Goddard, T. R. Chase, 
H. W. Boardraan, J. S. Perley, Dr. J. S. Newberry, George E. Beebee, Edwin Cowles 
II. B. Ilurlburt, R. C. Parsons, Dr. T. Garlick, John Coon, J. G. Graham, Carlos A. 
Smith, Henry A. Smith, Col. O H. Payne, Capt. B. A. Stanard, Dr. E. Sterling, R. K. 
Winslow, W. W. Chandler, W. L. Cutter, Capt. J. M. Lundy, H. C. Luce, Geo. A. Stanley, 
E. Hossenmueller ; Dr. J. P. Kirtland, Geo. B. Merwin, Rockport ; Prof. H. E. Peck, Ober- 
lin ; Prof. N. P. Seymour, Hudson ; W. H. Upson, Akron ; Col. Huidekoper, Meadville, Pa. 

Mrs. Dr. E. Gushing, Mrs. A. B. Stone, Mrs. Chas. Pease, Mrs. Dr. Hopkins, Mrs. Rum- 
ney, Mrs. H. M. Chapiu, Mrs. C. C. Goddard, Mrs. Dr. J. C. Schenck, Mrs. W. L. Cutter, 
Mrs. E. M. Livermore, Mrs. Dr. J. S. Newberry, Mrs. Theodore Hocke, Mrs. K. Hays; 
Mrs. O. Follett, Sandusky. 

Misses Belle Brayton, Julia Huntington, Sophie Hensch, Berta Sterne, Abby Rhodes, 
Charlotte Black. , 

ON FINE ART HALL. 

Wm. J. Boardman, Chairman ; Geo. Willey, H. F. Clark, Dr. A. Maynard, R. K. Wins- 
low, F. W. Parsons, Rev. Dr. Goodrich, Rev. Dr. Starkey, Rt. Rev. Bishop Rappe, B. J. 
Cobb, Leonard Case, II. C. Gaylord, Joseph Perkins, Wm. Bingham, J. F. Ryder, W. C. 
North, C. W. Stimpson, J. M. Greene, J. W. Sargeant, H. B. Castle, J. Clough,D. 0. Cole, 
Wm. Crowell, E. R. Perkins, A. Sharpies. 

Mrs. Fayette Brown, Mrs. Wm. Bingham, Mrs. F. W. Parsons, Mrs. Geo. Willey, Mrs. 

D. 0. Cole, Miss Cleveland, Miss A. Walworth, Miss C. L. Ransom. 

ON MUSIC-U, ENTERTAINMENTS. 

T. P. Handy, Chairman ; F. X. Byerly, E. F. Sargeant, Geo. W. Brainard, J. Underner, 

E. C. Rouse, J. M. Lcland, J. A. Redington, E. B. Allen, E. Stair, J. G. Graham. 

31 



458 APPI3DIX E. 

OX TABLEAUX. 

Geo. WiDev, CbaimLan : G«). H. Ely. S^cretaiy ; E. C. Parsons. Dr. C. A. Teny. Dr. A. 
Maynard. Geo. W. Brainard. E. Cowles. Joseph Brainard, W. J. Boaidman, C. W. Palmer, 
Carlos A. Smith. Dr. T. GarHck. Fi^. C. Prentiss. Charies C. Carter. 

Mrs. Geo. W. Brainard. Mrs. W. D. Cashing. Mrs. Joseph Brainard. Mrs. Geo. H. Bor- 
rin. >Irs. Wm. Edwards. Mrs. Geo. WiUey. Mrs. W. C. Xorth, Mrs. J. V. X. Yates. Mrs. 
E. M. Livermore. Mrs. Geo. H. Ely. Mrs. D. P. Rhodes, Mrs. D. O. Cole. Mrs. W. B. 
Castle. Mrs. C. J. Woolson. Mrs. H. W. Boardman. Mrs. E. C. Parsons. Mrs. W. J. Board- 
man. Mi.'s E. L. BisseD. Miss Julia Mathews, Miss Anna Walters, Miss Woolson ; Miss 
Annie Brayton. Paines-rille. 

Drajiatics.— CoL Z. S. Spalding. Dr. T. P. Wilson. CoL C. C. Goddard. F. W. Parsons, 
D. O. Cole. J. T. X. Yates. H. Clay White. Chas. ChUds. Wm. CrowelL Mrs. William 
Edwards. Miss Taaehan. Miss Julia W. Terry. Miss Mary W. Benedict, Miss Mattie TU- 
den. Miss Carrie W. Grant : Mrs. Stanley L. Xoble. Painesville. 

OX LECTUBES. 

D. P. Eell*, Chairman : J. B. Meriam, O. A. Brooks, Chas. W. Palmer, B. F. Peixotto. 

OX EEGISTRATIOX. 

John F. Warner. Chairman : CoL C. C. Goddard, L. F. Mellen, A. T. Brinsmade, CoL 
Geo. S. Myjan. O. X. Ske^ls. H. S. Whittlesey, Earl BUL H. G. Abbey. Felix Xicola. 

OX PPJXTIXG AXD STATIOXERY. 

A. W. Fairbanks. Chairman ; E. Cowlesi, J. A. Harris, J. S. Stephenson, J. Feather- 
stone. W. R. Xevins. C. C. Cobb, X. W. Taylor, A. Thieme, W. D. Baker, E. Sanford, C. 
S. Bragg. M. W. Yeits. S. W. Savage. 

OX MILITABY. 

CoL W. H. Hayward. Chairman: CoL J. X. Frazee. Capt. F. W. Pelton, Capt. J. Ensworth. 

OX POLICE. 

CoL J. X. Fcazee. Chairman : T. X. Bond, X. P. Payne. 

CASHLESS. 

T. P. Handy. Treas.: James J. Tracy. W. E. Clarke. Henry W. Boardman. S. L. Sererance, 
A H. Wick. L. H. Severance, J. C. Baell ; J. Theodore Briggs, Titnsville, Pa. 

ALDrnXG COMMITTEE. 
H. M. Chapin, A. Stone, Jr. 



Appej^dix e. 459 

tableaux and amateur tiieatrk^als. 

BENEFIT OF soldiers' HOME. 

Braixard's Hall, March, 18G5. 

(Page 338.'^ 



TABLEAUX COMMITTEE. 

Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Edwards, Dr. and Mrs. E. Sterling, Mr. and Mrs. Edward M. Liver- 
more, Mr. and Mrs. Goo. W. Brainard, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Brainard, Mr. and Mrs. Geo. 
Willcy, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. D. Gushing, Mr. and Mrs. Frank W. Parsons, Mr. and Mrs. J. 
V. N. Yates, Miss Atwater. 

DRAMATIC CLITB. 

Mr. and ISIrs. S. K. Davis, Mr. J. II. Bcssoll, Mr. G. F. Bingham, Mr. II. B. DeWolf, Mr. 
G. McLaughlin, Miss E. Spangler. 



ASSOCIATE MEMBERS OF THE U. S. SANITARY COMMISSION 
Appointed Nov., 1861, Cleveland 0. 

(Page 2T7.) 



Dr. J. S. Newberry, Benjamin Rouse, Stillman Witt, Joseph Perkins, T. P. Handy. 
Wm. Bingham, M. C. Younglove, A. Stone, Jr., Dr. E. Gushing, Dr. Alleyue Mayuard, E. 
S. Flint. 

Dr. J. S. Newberry, President. Benjamin Rouse, Vice President and Treasurer. Dr. 
Alleyne Maynard, Secretary. 



WARD RELIEF COMMITTEES. 

(Pages 21 and 275.) 



SECOND WARD.— Geo. A. Benedict, Pees. ; Mrs. J. Y. Painter. Sec. ; Mrs. F. J. Pren- 
tiss, Tkeas. Committee.— Mrs. S. Williamson, Mrs. H. H. Little, Mrs. Wm. Mittleberger, 
Mrs. Chas. A. Terry, Mrs. Wm. T. Smith, Mrs. J. J. Rockefeller, Mrs. A. W. Fairbanks. 

THIRD WARD.— Mr. and Mrs. Randall Crawford, Mrs. J. O. Seymour, Mrs. Peter 
Thatcher, Mrs. J. A. Harris, Mrs L. M. Cobb, Mrs. S. Bclden. 

FOURTH WARD.— Hon. R. P. Spalding, Mrs. Geo. II. Wynian, :Mrs. N. W. Taylor. 

FIFTH WARD.— Joseph Perkins, Pres. : L. F. Mcares, Sec. and Treas. Commit- 
tee.— Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Stone, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. J. Boardman, Mr. and Mrs. A. Stone, 



460 APPENDIX E. 

Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Collins, Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Hickos, Mr. and Mrs. T. P. Handy, 
Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Buell, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Chisbolm, Mrs. Geo. C. Dodge, Mrs. Capt. 
JaftVay, IMrs. T. M. Kelley, Mrs. Horace Kelley, Joseph Sturgis, Wm. Heisley, W. Lowrey, 
B. Tunte, N. P. Payne. Thomas Parcell. 
Amount expended, $7,433.63. 

EIGHTH WARD.— S. W. Johnson, Mrs. M. A. Brown, Mrs. W. B. Guyles. 

NINTH WARD.— Nelson Sanford, Mrs. D. P. Rhodes, Mrs. J. H. Sargent. 

TENTH WARD.— Chas. R. Evatt, Mrs. Bissett. 

ELE\T:nTH ward.— Thomas Dixon, Mrs. F. B. Pratt, Mrs. A. H. Blake. 



RECEPTION COMMITTEE, 
(Page 350.) 



From the Council.— F. W. Pelton, Amos Townsend, Randall Crawford, Joseph Stur- 
gis, G. W. Calkins. 

County Military Committee.— Wm. Bingham, Wm. Edwards, E. Hessenmneller, F. 
Nicola, Stillman Witt, Geo. B. Senter, H. M. Chapin, Fayette Brown. 

Citizens' Committee.— Col. James Barnett, Col. W. H. Hayward, Col. O. H. Payne, 
Bolivar Butts, C. W. Palmer, Joseph Perkins, A. Everett, M. R. Keith, Nelson Purdy, 
Philo Chamherlin, Jno. C. Grannis. 



APTENDIX F. 



BRANCH SOCIETIES. 



■ii}'2 APPE^-DIX F. 



BRANCH SOCIETIES 



AKEOX. SrMMiT Co. 

Pees., Mr?. C. P. VTolcott, Mrs. S. H. Cobnrn. Mrs. E. P. Green. Mrs. H. S. Abbey: 
Vice PRE?..Mrs. Capt. Howe, Mrs. Delos Smith ; Sec. and Tf.eas.. Mrs. E. Oviatt. 3Irs. C. 
Brown. Mrs. L. B. Anstin. Miss E. B. Howe. Miss Sarah T. Peck, Mrs. W. B. Ravmond. 

ALBIOX, Erie Co., Pa. 

Pres.. Mrs. Francis EandaH : Sec. Mrs. L. W. Flower : Agext. L. D. Davenport. 

ALLIAXCE, Stark Co. 

Pres., Mrs. I>r. E. L S. Thomas, Mrs. E. Amerman : Sec, Mrs. A. C. Pickett, Miss 
Kate McKee : Tkeas., Mrs. Geo. M. Bates. 

AMBOY. Ashtabula Co. 

Pre?.. Mrs. Electa A. Teits. Mrs. E. Hewit : Sec. Miss SvMa C. Rirrett. 3Gss A. B. 
Greenlee: Treas.. Mrs. Fannie E. Eathbun. Mrs. L. Hickock. 

AMHERST, LoRATX Co. 

^'ORTH ASniERST.— Pkes., Mrs. H. Warner, Mrs. H. E. Mnssey : Sec, Miss M. L. 
Shupe, Mrs. C. B. Carhart, Mrs. L. S. Oldfield : Tkeas., Mrs. H. Hirsching. 

XORTH- WEST AMHEEST.— Pees.. Mrs. Curtis Riilev: Tice Pees.. Mrs. \rilli.<jm 
Onstinc : Sec, Miss Hatiie Clongh : Blkectoes, Mrs. A. Knowles. Mrs. W. Jonnston, 
Mrs. Ann B. Blaike. 

SOrTH AMHEEST.— Pees., Mrs. J. C. Jackson : Sec. Mrs.R. P. Gibbs ; Treas., Miss 

D. A. Dnrand. 

AXDOVER. Ashtabulv Co. 

AXDOVEE.— Pres.. Mrs. P. C. Hyde: Vice Pres.. Mrs. Phebe Patney : Sec. Miss 
EUen M. Wade ; Treas., Miss M. A. Wade. 

NORTH A2vD0^^:R — Pres.. Mrs. P. Cook: Vice Pres.. ifrs. S. Case : Sec. Miss M. 

E. Belden. Miss A. M. Sperry : Treas.. Mi-s. E. Smith. 
Estimated Contribution, iJTS. 

WEST AM)0^'ER.— Pres.. Mrs. Harriet 0.*bom: Skc. Miss MarciaOwen; Treas., 
Miss Bemice Galpine. 



APPENDIX F. 463 

AXXAPOLIS, Jefferson Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Harriet M. Manning ; Vice Pres., Mrs. John Schultz ; Sec, Mrs. Amos Clo- 
mau; Treas., Mrs. Joshua Barnes. 

ASHLAND, AsHLAKD Co. 

Pkes., Mrs. Orlow Smiili, Mrs. J. B. Coffin ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Wm. Osboru, ^Nlrs. Wick; 
Sec, Mrs. J. O. Jennings, Mrs. J. H. McCombs, Mrs. Sopliie Spreugle ; Treas., Mrs. Tlios. 
Arthur, Mrs. A. F. Topping. 

ASHTABULA, Ashtabtjla Co. 

ASHTABULA No. 1.— Pres., Mrs. VTm. G Benham : Sec and Treas., Mrs. H. Harris. 

ASHTABULA No. 3.— Pres., Mrs. Jaiues Bonuar; A'ice Pres., Mrs. H. E. Parsons; 
Sec, Miss Sara M. Schoonmaker ; Treas., Mrs. J. B. Hurlbnrt; Directors, Mrs. S. B. 
WuUs, Mrs. J. P. Robertson, Mrs. J. Mansfield, Mrs. E. C. Strong, Mrs. H. C. Toombs, 
Mrs. G. Scoville, Mrs. Morton, Mrs. Wcatherwax. 

Disbursements estimated at $1,850. 

EAST ASHTABULA.— Pres., Mrs. H. Field, Mrs. Watrous ; Sec, Miss Anna E. Luce, 
Miss Emily C. Hall, Miss Cordelia Caldwell; Treas., Mrs. G. Streeter. 

ASHTABULA, NORTH REDGE.— Pres., Mrs. John Sill ; Vice Pres., Mrs. P. Sweet ; 
Treas., Miss L. Sweet. 
Cash expended, §40. Supplies valued at §150. 

ASHTABULA, SOUTH RIDGE.— Pres., Mrs. P. B. Stevens : Sec and Treas., Miss 
Nettie Stevens. 

ATVVATER, Portage Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Addison Wolcott, Jilrs. H. E. Mansfield : Sec and Treas., Mrs. H. E. Brush . 
Estimated cash disbursement, $300. 

AUBURX, Geauga Co. 

AUBURN. — Pres., Mrs. J. Maj'hew ; Sec, Miss Laura Woods. 

Al" BURN CORNERS.— Pres., Mrs. R. P. Parkman; Sec, Mrs. O. S. Crane; Treas., 
Mrs. John Bowler. 

SOUTH AUBURN.— Pres., Mrs. P. Howland, Mrs. Charles Crocker; Vice Pres., Mrs. 
A. A. Snow ; Sec, Mrs. Frank Canfield, Mrs. James Dutton ; Treas., Miss M. E. Reed. 

AURORA, Portage Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. Worthy Taylor ; Vice Pres., Mrs. R. P. Cannon : Sec and Treas., Mrs. L 
S. Graves, Mrs. F. B. Cannon ; Directors, Mrs. H. A. Waldo, Mrs. Charles Root, Mrs. 
Sally Parker. 

Value of disbursements, $918.46. 

AUSTIXBURGH, Ashtabula Co. 

Pres.. Rev. Mrs. Barber, Mrs. J. B. Beach ; Vice Pres., Mrs. M. W. Pulis ; Sec, Miss 
Emily Plumb. Mrs. D. S. Alvord ; Treas., Miss M. Griffls ; Directors, Mrs. Julius Foote. 
Mrs. F. Pierce, Mrs. J. Reed, Mrs Miller, Mrs. Whiting, Miss N. Healy. 



464 APPENDIX F. 

AVON, Lorain Co. 

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.— Pres., Mrs. M. A. B. Townshend ; Sec. and Trea?., 
Mrs. J. B. Wood. 

FRENCH CREEK.— Pres., Mrs. H. H. Williams ; Vice Pkes., Mrs. James E. Brooks ; 
Sec, Miss A. M. Fleming, Miss Addie Sawyer; Tbeas., Mrs. Frederick Whipple : Direct- 
ors, Miss R. Clifton, Miss S. J. Wilson, Mrs. J. M. Lent. 

Aggregate value of Contributions, $1,2()2.1.5. Casli to Sanitary Fair, $~-2.40. To soldiers' 
families, wood, clothing and provisions, $GOG. 

BAINBPJDGE, Geauga Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Jeremiah Root, Mrs. Rnfus Pettibone ; Vice Pres , Mrs. W. Howard, Mrs. 
Ambrose Bliss; Sec, Miss Emma M. Root, Miss Clarissa Pettibone ; Treas., Mrs. H. J. 
Stowell, Miss Harriet Root. 

Cash disbursed, $376.09. 

BATH, Summit Co. 

BATH.— Pres., Mrs. S. B. Hurd ; Sec, Miss M. A. Salter; Treas., Mrs. William Davis. 

WEST BATH.— Pres., Mrs. S. B. Hurd; Sec, Miss Lizzie Houston; Treas., Miss Cor- 
delia Shaw. 

BAUGHMAN, Wayke Co. 

Pres., Mrs. J. Evans, Mrs. J. F. Wilson, Mrs. Mary Douglas; Vice Pres., Miss S. J. 
Noble; Sec, Miss Emma McFarland, Miss E. S. Latimer, Miss Kate M. Morrow; Treas., 
Mrs. F. D. McFarland, Mrs. Sophia Kefl'er. 

BAZETTA, Trumbull Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Margaret E. Brown; Vice Pees., Mrs. Henry Freer, Mrs. Joel Casterline ; 

Sec, Miss Eliza Webb, Miss Celiuda Wihnot; Treas., Mrs. Eben Faunce, Mrs. Aaron 
Davis. 
Estimated value of supplies, $789,98. Cash given to soldiers' families, $65. Total, 

$854,98. 

BEDFORD, Cuyahoga Co. 

BEDFORD.— Pees., Mrs. M. L. Medary, Miss Cornelia Benedict; Vice Pres., Mrs. F. 
H. Cannon, Mrs. N. Hamlin; Sec, Mrs. C. D. Purdy, Mrs. B. G. Streator, Miss Amelia 
Young; Treas., Mrs. E. J. Parke. 

Contributed to Sanitary Fair, $200. To Cleveland Soldiers' Home, S'44,50. Supplies no 
estimated. 

NORTH STREET.— Pees., Mrs. R. Eldred; Vice Pres., Mrs. William O. Taylor; Sec 
and Treas., Miss C. S. Libbey. 

BEECH SPRINGS, Harrison Co. 

Pres., Mrs. S. Taggart; Sec, Miss Jennie R. Moore; Treas., Miss Jennie Egleson. 

BELLE VALLEY, Erie Co., Pa. 

Pees., Mrs. S. A. Wood ; Vice Pres., Mrs. A. B. Gunnison ; Sec, Mrs. F. Drown, Mrs. 
Barbara Arbuckle ; Treas., Mrs. T. Davidson. 



APPENDIX F. 465 

BELLEVUE, Huron Co. 

Pres., Mrs. B. Wood; Vice Pkes., Mrs. E. Sumner; Sec, Miss J. Moore; Treas., Mrs. 
W. W. Stilson, Mrs. E. Y. Warner. 
Total disbursements, $3589.81. / 

BENTON, Holmes Co. 

Pkes., Mrs. Susan Ewiuy; Sec, Miss Sallie Brown; Tkeas., Mrs. Eliza J. Hayes. 

BENTON TOWNSHIP, Ottawa Co. 

Pkes., Mrs. A. Guernsey; Sec, Mrs. Mary Berry; Treas., Mrs. E. E. Ferris. 
Estimated value of supplies disbursed, $500. 

BEREA, Cuyahoga Co. 

BEREA SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY.— Pres!, Mrs. T. Barkdull; Vre Pkes. Mrs. E. 
Mills; Sec, Miss Annie Hall, Mrs. Abby Parish; Treas., Miss Jennie M. Clapp; Mana- 
gers, Mrs. Stevens, Mrs. Stratton, Mrs. A. Schuyler, Miss Sara Watson, Miss Mary 
Chapman. 

Cash disbursed. $.342,0.3. 

BEREA BENEVOLENT SOCIETY.-Pres.. Mrs. S. J. Brown, Mrs. William Murphy ; 
Vice Pres., Mrs. N. M. Chapman, Mrs. Godfrey Brown ; Sec and Treas., Miss C. A. 
Marsh, Mrs. L. S. McCullough, Mrs. E. S. Parker. 

Value of supplies disbursed, $402.94. 

BEREA GLEANERS, -RTA^ENILE.— Pres., Miss Georgie Noakes ; Sec, Miss Gertie 
Sprague ; Treas., Miss Nellie Adams. 

BEREA JITV'ENILES.— Pres., Miss Jennie Sheldon ; Sec, Miss Kate Somers ; Treas., 

Miss Lucy Berwick. 

BEREA WIDE-AWAKES.— Pres., Miss Emma D. Clapp; Vice Pres., Miss Elsie J. 
Brown ; Sec, Miss Julia E. Brown ; Treas., Miss Laura Morse. 

BERLIN CENTER, Mahoning Co. 

Pres., Mrs. A. R. Beardsley ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Mary Wilson ; Sec., Mrs. Lucy Test, 
Miss M. A. Wilson; Treas., Mrs. Mary A. Hawkins ; Solicitor, Mrs. C. S. Bartlett. 

BERLIN HEIGHTS, Erie Co. 

Pkes , Mrs. Stephen Kneeu. Mrs. Wm. Tilleuhurst ; Vice Pres., Mrs. John Kyle, Mrs, 
Isaac Fowler ; Sec, Mrs. E. M. Cravath, Mrs. M. M. Johnson ; Treas., Mrs. J. S. Lowry. 

Shipments of hospital stores not estimated. Cash and produce to N. O. Sanitary 
Fair, $453.30. 

BERLIN, FLORENCE and TOWNSEND UNION. 

Pres., Mrs. Caroline P. TuUer; Sec, Mrs. Orrin Seely, Miss Mary A. Norton ; Treas., 
Miss A, Norton. 



466 APPENDIX F. 

BIG PRAIRIE, Wayne Co. 

Pres., Mrs. J. B. Aylesworth ; Vice Pkes., Mrs. E. Wells ; Sec, Mrs. L. L. Leidigh ; 
TiiEAS., Miss Mattie Bell. 

BIRMINGHAM, Erie Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Joseph Swift, Sen. ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Levi Lewii* ; Sec, Miss Mary E. Ott ; 
Treas., Miss Juliette Ott ; Directors, Mrs. Ilervey Leonard, Mrs. J. W. Ott, Mrs. C. 
Ennis, Mrs. H. Olds, Mrs. R. E. Boozer. 

BLACK RIVER, Lorain Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Elizabeth Lampman, Mrs. T. H. Cobb ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Eveline Deuison ; 
Sec,, Mrs. E. M. Rowley, Mrs. Wm. Jones; Treas., Mrs. S. Root. 
Estimated disbursements, $400. Cash to Sanitary Fair, $1 



BLOOMFIELD, Trumbull Co. 

BLOOMFIELD.— Pres., Mrs. H. Andrews, Mrs. M. H. Cross ; Sec, Mrs. H. E. Pattee, 
Mrs. Libbie S. Morgan ; Treas., Mrs. Lester King. 

NORTH BLOOMFIELD.— Pres., Mrs. F. P. Green, Mrs. Mary Lewis ; Sec, Miss Ger- 
trude C. Pond. 

BLOOMING GROVE, Richland Co. 

Pres., Annis Warusr ; Vice Pres., Angeline Benedict, Elizabeth Hubley ; Sec. Eunice 
G. Finch, Alice Macomber, Phebe Macomber ; Treas., Eliza Reynolds ; Directors, Phi- 
lena Stout, Elsie Macomber, Eliza Walker. 

Cash disbursed, $95.56. 

BOARDMAN, Mahoning Co. 

Pres., Mrs. T. Agnew ; Sec. and Treas., Miss J. Stilson. 
Estimated disbursements, $80.43. 

BOLIVAR, Tuscarawas Co. 

Pres., Mrs. J. Dickson ; Sec, Miss Lou Hodge: Treas., 3Iiss J. S. McMurray. 

BOSTON, Summit Co. 

BOSTON.— Pres., Mrs. Alfred Wolcott; Sec and Treas., Mrs. Lucy Ann Post. 

BOSTON STATE ROAD.— Pres., Miss Lizzie Carter, Miss Angle Shields ; Sec, Miss 
L. A. Bishop ; Treas., Miss Emma Lillebridge. 

BOWLING GREEN, Wood Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Lucia B. Van Tassell ; Sec, Mrs. A. A. Buell, Mrs. S. L. Boughton ; Treas,, 
Miss L. Lundy. 



APPENDIX F. 467 

BRACEVILLE, Trumbull Co. 

BRACEVILLE.— Pres., Mrs. Lucinda Smith; Vice Pres., Mrs. Emily F. Rice, Mrs. 0. 
L. Jolinson ; Sec, Mrs. J. H. Ingraham ; Treas., Mrs. Stowe, Mrs. Laura M^ood. 
Estimated disbursements, $800. 

EAST BRACEVILLE.— Pres., Mrs. F. E. Austin; Sec, Mrs. A. W. Parker ; Treas.' 
Mrs. John Allen. 

BRECKSVILLE, Cuyahoga Co. 

Pres., Mrs. H. W. Dunbar; Vice Pues., Mrs. Wm. Barr; Sec, Miss A. Norville ; 
Treas., Miss D. Billings. 

BRIGHTON, Cuyahoga Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Dr. Palmer, Mrs. C. S. Gates ; Sec, Miss Julia A. Fisli ; Trras., Mrs. C. 
H. Babcock; Committee, Mrs. J. M. Clark, Mrs. Knowles, Mrs. O. W. Brainard ; Mrs. P. 
A. Flint, Mrs. John Reeve, Mrs. Milo Fuller, Mrs. Emma Akin. 

Cash disbursed, $289.70. Supplies not estimated. 



BRIGHTON, Lorain Co. 

Pres., Mrs. A. Smith; Sec, Mrs. Wm. Battle; Treas., Miss A. M. Battle. 
Estimated shipments, $407.75. 



BRIMFIELD, Portage Co. 

BRIMFIELD.— Pres., Miss Eudocia Carter, Miss A. Lanphear ; Vice Pres., Miss Ophe- 
lia A. Sawyer ; Sec, Miss Clemma Parsons ; Treas., Miss Hannah W. Carter, Miss Bosgor. 

BRIMFIELD, DISTRICT No. 2.— Pres., Miss Martha Risk ; Sec, Mrs. W. A. Boham ; 
Treas., Mrs. Aurelia Munn. 

WEST BRIMFIELD.— Pres., Miss Alice L. Carrier ; Sec, Miss Anne C. Tuthill; Treas., 
Miss Lucy E. Wing. 
Cash expended, $91.17. Supplies contributed, $479.55. 

BRISTOL, Trumbull Co. 

BRISTOL, NORTH CORNERS.— Pres., Mrs. Joseph Saiger ; Sec, Miss Delia M. Perry. 

BRISTOLVILLE.— Pres., Mrs. Laura McLean, Mrs. S. G. Bostwick ; Vice Pres., Mrs. 
Eliza More, Mrs. Imogene Case ; Sec, Mrs. E. L. Kibbee, Miss Mary Brockett ; Treas., 
Miss Anna M. Pettingill, Miss Harriet Finney. 

Estimate of shipments, $1,272. 

BROOKLYN, Cuyahoga Co. 

BROOKLYN.— Pres., Mrs. L. J. Cogswell; Sec, Mrs. Joseph Poe ; Treas., Miss Mary 
Wells. 

BROOKLYN CENTER.— Pres., Mrs. Ozias Fish, Mrs. Dr. Galentine ; Vice Pres., Mrs. 
Carlos Jones ; Sec, Miss Cassie Allen ; Treas., Miss Mary J. Storer. 



468 APPENDIX F. 

BROOKLYN, Jackson Co., Mich. 

Pres., Mrs. Harriet A. Gi'O.syenor ; Sec, Miss R. E. Felt ; Tkeas., Miss Carrie Irwin. 

BRONSON AND HARTLAND, Huron Co. 

Pres., Mrs. H. H. Manahan, Mrs. D. T. Townsend ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Wm. Wooden, 
Mrs. C. H. Jackson; Sec, Miss Marj- U. Manahan, Mrs. Bartlett Davis; Treas., Miss 
Amanda Robbins, Mrs. C. O. Cliaftce. 



BROWNHELM, Lorain Co. 

BROWNHELM.— Pres., Rev. C. C. Baldwin; Vice Pres., Mrs. Harriet Locke; Sec, 
Mrs. Grace Goodrich, Miss Abbie Wood ; Treas., Miss Lcsba Wilson, Miss Sarah Perry ; 
Directors, Mrs. Catherine Cooley, Mrs. L. Perry. 

BROWNHELM, DISTRICT No. C— Pres., Mrs. A. R. Cooper; Sec, Mrs. L. A. Butter 
field ; Treas., Mrs. A. C. Wood. 

WEST BROWNHELM.— Pres., Mrs. Electa Swift; Sec and Treas., Mrs. Mary W. Austin. 

BRUNSWICK, Medina Co. 

BRUNSWICK.— Pres., Mrs. T. L. Waitc, Mrs. E. R. Whipple ; Sec, Mrs. C. M. Preston. 

BRLTNSWICK, LRTERPOOL, COLUMBIA AND STR0NGS\aLLE FOUR CORNERS 
BENEVOLENT SOCIETY.— Pres., Mrs. Sarah Ashby ; Sec, Mrs. Amelia M. Lewis ; 
Treas., Mrs. Maria Durand. 

BRUNSWICK. LI\'ERPOOL, COLUMBIA AND STRONOS\^LLE FOUR CORNERS 
UNION SOCIETY.— Pres., Mrs. Loviua Cole, Mrs. Judith Barber; Vice Pres.. Mrs. 
Betsey Ensign : Sec, Mrs. Eliza Wilmot, Miss Settle Ensign ; Treas., Mrs. Betsey Free 
man ; AGB>fTS, Mr. and Mrs. Edmund Tompkins. 

NORTH-EAST BRUNSWICK AND SOUTH-EAST STRONGSVILLE.-Pres., Mrs. 
Horace Carpenter, Mrs. J. Southworth ; Sec, Miss Donnie Perkins, Mrs. J. C. Aldrich, 
Mrs. H. C. Wyman: Treas., Mrs. E. Crosby, Mrs. 0. C. Morton. 



BURTON, Geauga Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Mary D. Witter; Vice Pres., Mrs. Richard Beach; Sec, Mrs. Mary E. 
Hotchkiss, Mrs. Mary D. Witter; Treas., Mrs. S. Dayton. 
Disbursements in cash, $5!K). In supplies, |8'T0. Total, $1,4(10. 



BUTLER TOWNSHIP, Ashland Co. 

Pres., Mrs. P. Latimer, Mrs. E. P. Smith; Sec, Miss Mary Johnston, Miss JI. Cope- 
land ; Treas., John Lawson, Miss Mary Smith. 



BUTTERNUT RIDGE, Sandusky Co. 

Pres., Mrs. J. Linton ; Vice Pres., Mrs. M. Bahcock; Sec, Miss Nellie Hogg; Tebas., 

Mrs. William Lay. 



APPENDIX F. 469 

BUTTERNUT EIDGE, Cuyahoga Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Eliza lliird , Vice Pkes., Mrs. Robinf?on ; Sec, Mrs. Anna Stearn?; Treas., 
Mrs. Jane Carpenter. 

BUTTERNUT RIDGE, Lorain Co. 

Pres., Mrs. C. L. Sexton; Yipe Pres., Mrs. R. Blain ; Sec. Mrs. Williiim Drinkall: 
Treas., Mrs. S. McNeal. 



CAMDEN, Lorain Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Marj^ J. Cole, Miss Eliza Hawkins, Mrs. Sarah ITove}- ; Vice Pres., Mrs. 
Mary Washburn, Mrs. Melissa Ilovey, Mrs. Agnes Morgan ; Sec and Treas., Mrs. Rnth 
E. Allen, Mrs. Lydia Eldredge. 

CANAL DOVER, Tuscarawas Co. 

Pres., Mrs. L. C. Blickensderfer ; Skc. jSIrs. S. W. Dcmutli ; Tkeas.. Mi-s M. J. Walton. 

CANAL FULTON, Stark Co. 

Pres., Mrs. A. Cunningham. Mrs. Jacoli IloflU'man ; Sec, Miss Mettic Frazee, Miss M. 
R. Hanks ; Treas., Mrs. John Mobley. 

CAN FIELD, Mahoning Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. Sarah Canfield, Mrs. O. P. Bond ; Sec, Miss M. M. Pierson, Miss M. L. 
Lake, Mrs. P. T. Jones ; Treas., Mrs. M. Survis, Mrs. H. Truesdale, Mrs. L. M. Bidwell. 

CANTON, Stalk Go. 

Prf.s., Mrs. J. G. Lester : Vice Pres., Mrs. Geo. Reynolds ; Cor. Sec, Mrs. J. G. Les- 
ter, Miss Coi-nelia Beach ; Rec Stc, Miss Emma Hazlette, Mrs. Thomas Saxton, Miss A. 
Bockins, Mrs. D. J. Beggs, Mrs. Dr. Lewis Slusser; Treas., Mrs. James A. Saxton; Di- 
rectors, Mrs. M. Wikidal. Mrs. C Aultman, Mrs. Geo. Dietrich, Mrs. Dr. Wallace, M'-«, 
N. Pierong, Mrs. Thos. Patton; Advisory Committee, Mrs. Jos. S. Saxton, Mrs. A. 
L3'nch, Mrs. Geo. Prince, Mrs. John F. Reynolds, Mrs. Geo. Fogle, Mrs. McCleary, Mrs. 
Piatt, Mrs. Metz, Miss H. Bockins, Miss Medill. 

The Canton Branch reports shipments to the value of .$10,000, and a cash expenditure 
of 11,600.54, which is exclusive of its contributions to the Sanitary Fair. Two hundred 
and fifty-five packages of hospital goods were forwarded to Cleveland, many boxes were 
sent direct to regiments in the field, to hospitals at the front, and to State Relief agencies, 
with some supplies of money and stores to the Freedmen. The loyal citizens of Canton 
gave largely in fitting regiments for service, and in relief to soldiers in transit, and were 
extremely liberal in contributing through their Aid Society to the Northern Ohio Sani- 
tary Fair. 

CARROLLTON, Carroll Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Etta Stocken ; Sec, Miss Hattic Butler, Miss Kate Thompson ; Treas., 
Miss Helen Eckley. 



470 appe:n^dix f. 

CENTERTOX, Huron Co. 

Pres., Mra. C. S. Herrick; Sec, Airs. N. 11. Nichols, Miss Adelaide Merriam ; Trkas., 
Mrs. M. S. Merriam. 

CENTRAL STATE LINE, Ashtabula Co. 

Pres., Miss Lizzie E. Law ; Sec , Miss Kate Putne3'; Treas., Mrs. Amelia Wyman. 

CHAGRIN FALLS, Cuyahoga Co. 

Pres., Mrs. J. T. Stui-tevant, Mrs. Samuel Poole, Miss Jane E. Church; Vice Pres., 
Mrs. Phineas Upham, Mrs. Dr. Smith, Mrs. David Tenney; Sec, Miss Jane E. Churcli, 
Mrs. C. H. Hubbcll ; Treas., Mrs. Thos. Shaw, Mrs. Charles Force, Mrs. Orson Bullard, 
Mrs. Hannibal Goodell, Miss Jane E. Church. 

Cash receipts, $833.51. Value of supplies, $40G.1S. Sent through the Cleveland Sani- 
tary Commission, forty-seven packages, valued at $7.58.9.3. Sent direct to the field and 
to hospitals, twenty-six packages, valued at $263.11. Expended in local relief to soldiers 
and their ftimilies, $23. Contributions to Cleveland Soldiers' Home and to Freedmen, 
not estimated. Value of articles sent to the Cleveland Sanitary Fair, $159.00. The 
balance in the treasury at the close of the Society's labors, $134, was appropriated to- 
wards a monument to the memory of the fallen soldiers of the township. The organiza- 
tion was continued till the sum of $1,335 had been raised, and in September, ISOT, the 
soldiers' monument was erected and dedicated under the auspices of the ladies of the 
Chagrin Falls Aid Society, who thus appropriately brought to a close their long and 
faithful public services. 

CHAMPION, Trumbull Co. 

CHAMPION.— Pres., Mrs. H. L. Eutan ; Sec. and Treas., Miss Mary J. AlcComhs. 
WEST CHAMPION.— Miss Mary J. Prentice. 

CHARDON, Geauga Co. 

Pres., Mrs. C. P. Bisbee, Mrs. M. C. Canfield, Mrs. Austin Canfleld ; Sec, Mrs. J. O. 
Worrall, Miss Lovina Metcalf, Mrs. L. A. S. Cook ; Treas., Miss Laura E. Williston, Mrs. 
L. E. Durfee, Mrs. Thos. Metcalf, Mrs. Mary Marsh. 

Disbursements in cash and hospital stores estimated at $1,500. 

CHARLESTOWN, Portage Co. 

Pre?., Miss Jane Catlin ; Sec, Miss Emily Wetmore, Miss Eliza II. Curtiss ; Treas., 
Miss Cynthia Coe, Miss Eliza H. Curtiss. 
Cash expended, $304. Value of contributions to Sanitary Fair, $24. 

CHATHAM CENTER, Medina Co. 

Pres., Miss Parmelia Ripley; Sec, Mrs. Thos. S. Shaw, Miss Mattie Packard ; Treas., 
Mrs. A. J. Dyer. 

CHERRY HILL, Erie Co., Pa. 

Pres., Mrs. Ira Marcy; Sec, Miss Jane B. Tuttle, Mrs. Addison Thompson; Treas., 
Mrs. E. Sturtevant. 



APPENDIX F. 



CHERRY VALI.EY, Ashtabula Co. 



471 



Pres., Mrs. Rachel H. Green ; Vice Pees., Mrs. P. G. Sanford; Sec, Mrs. Celestia R. 
Colby ; Tbeas., Mrs. Hannah Roberts. 

CHESTER X ROADS, Geauga Co. 

Pres., Mrs. A. E. Janes, Mrs. C. Herrick; Vice Pees., Mrs. Phelps ; Sec, Mrs. A. E. 
Janes, Mrs. Kent ; Tkeas., Miss Aurelia Gilmore, Mrs. H. Johnson. 

BUSY BEES, (Juvenile).— Pees., Miss Amantha Smith; Vice Pees., Miss Tira Ames ; 
Sec, Miss Emma Ames ; Treas., Miss Florence Lyman. 



CHIPPEWA, Wayne Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Dr. Armstrong ; Vice Pees., Miss Margaret Frank; Sec, Mrs. Andrew 
Jackson, Miss C. A. Lyon ; Committee, Mrs. Carson, Miss Gettie Armstrong. 



CLARIDON, Geauga Co. 

CLARIDON CENTER.— Pees., Mrs. Col. Treat ; Sec, Miss Anna Taylor. 

EAST CLARIDON.— Pee3., Mrs. J. B. Aylworth, Mrs. J. P. Lukins ; Vice Pees., Mrs. 
Emily Bradley; Chaplain, Mrs. E. D. Taylor ; Sec and Treas., Miss Artimissa Chace. 

WEST CLARIDON.— Pees., Mrs. II. N. Spencer; Sec, Miss Celia Spencer; Treas., 
Mrs. W. Wood. 

CLARK'S CORNERS, Ashtabula Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. Sarah Phelps; Sec, Mrs. M. Hayes; Treas., Mrs. L. Clark. 

CLARKSFIELD, Huron Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Harriet E. S. Holley, Mrs. O. J. Husted, Mrs. Edwin D. Tyler; Sec and 
Teeas., Mrs. L. A. Lyon, Mrs. M. E. Bunce. 



CLEVELAND, Cuyahoga Co. ' 



GERMAN SOCIETY.— Pees., Mrs. Schmidt; Sec, Mrs. Glasser; Teeas., Mrs. Berg- 
holz. 

ST. CLAIR ROAD SOCIETY.— Pres., Mrs. A. Variau; Sec, Miss M. O. Varian; Treas., 
Mrs. H. E. Strong. 

TEMPERANCE AID SOCIETY.— Pres., Mrs. H. N. Bander; Sec. Mrs. L. White. 

COLORED AUXILIARY SOCIETY.— Pees., Mrs. Geo. Vosbnrgh ; Vice Pres., Mrs. 
Richard Hazel ; Sec, Mrs. Lavina Sabb ; Treas., Mrs. Harriet Weaver. 

WARING STREET MISSION.— Pees., Mrs. Ziua Needham ; Sec, Mrs. E. Wood. 

UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS SOCIETY.— Pees., Mrs. Francis Branch ; Sec and Teeas., 
Miss Ruth Kellogg. 

CLINTON, Summit Co. 
Pees., Mrs. Chas. Rhinehart, Mrs. A. M. Russell ; Sec. and Treas., Miss Maggie Russell. 



472 



APPENDIX F. 



CODDINGVILLE, Medina Co. 

Pkes., Mi'tA. L. C. Hills ; Sec, Mrs. Marilla Van Oniian ; Treas., Mrs. Lydia Codding. 

COLEBROOK, Ashtabula Co. 

Pees., Mrs. Harriet Gray, Mrs. K. Partridge ; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. S. R. Beckwitli, 
Miss Sarah J. Tnttle. 
Value of supplies disbursed, $450.46. 

COLLAMEB, Cuyahoga Co. 

Pkes. and Sec, Mrs. Andrew Sharpe ; Vice Pees., Mrs, Andrew Weniple. 

COLUMBIA, Lorain Co. 

Pees., Mrs. M. Weeden, Mrs. E. H.Taylor; Vice Pres., Mrs. C. Nichols, Mrs. Anne 
Burr; Sec, Miss Sara C. Adams, Miss Martha Fish, Mrs. Helen E. Osborne ; Teeas., Mrs. 
S. Stock, Mrs. Caroline Reed. 

COLUMBLIXA, Columbiana Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. Amanda Vogleson, Miss Anna E. Motzger; Vice Pees., Mrs. iMary A. 
Beeson, Miss Belle Vogleson; Sec, Miss Sallie E. Hines, Miss Lizzie M. Potts ; Treas"., 
Mrs. S. E. King ; Committee, Miss Belle Strickler, Mis^ Mary Marvin. 

COMMERCE, Oakland Co., Mkii. 

Pres., Mrs. John Clark, Mrs. S. M. Leggett ; Vice Pres., Mrs. T. A. Smith : Sec. Mrs. 
S. M. Leggett, Mrs. Abram Allen ; Treas., Mrs. D. C. Goodwillie. Mrs. Harley Round. 
Value of contributions, ,f 1,000. 

CONCORD, Lake Co. 

Pees., Mrs. Roswell Burr; Vice Pees., Mrs. John H. Murray; Sec, Miss Matilda 
Winchell; Tbeas., Mrs. Orson Willson. 



CONNEAUT, Ashtabula Co. 

CONNEAUT.— Pres., Mrs. Ales. Bartlett; Sec and Treas., Mrs S. M. Sauford : 
DiEECTOES, Mrs. Capron, Mrs. Isaac Judson. 
CONNEAUT BENEVOLENT SOCIETY.— Pres. and Sec, Mrs. Julia Jacobs. 

CONNEAUT VALLEY.— Pres., Mrs. Lydia Kennedy ; Sec, Mrs. Alniira Paul ; Treas. 
Mrs. Laura Paul ; Committee, Mrs. Janette Paul. Miss Adaline Kennedy. 
Cash and stores disbursed, $585.62. 



CONNEAUTVILLE, Crawfokd Co., Fa. 
Pees., Mrs. L. Montross; Sec, Miss Clara M. Hitchcock. 



APPENDIX F. 473 

COPLEY, Summit Co. 

COI'LEV.— PkEs., Mrs. R. F. Codding, Mrs. P. Arnold ; Vice I'iiks.. Mrs. B. Cl),ii)man; 
Sec, Mrs. J. Starr; Treas., Mrs. M. D. Pratt. Miss Melissa Hall. 

COPLEY, DISTRICT No. 3.-Pkes., Mrs. A. Stimson : Sec, Miss M. Winkler: Tkeas., 
Mrs. W. Ball. 

CRAB CPtEEK, Mahoning Co. 
PiiEs., Miss Hattie Beatley ; Sec, Miss Maggie Mahan : Tkeas.. Mrs. Miriiini Davis. 

CROXTON, Jefferson Co. 
Pkks. and Sec, Mrs. D. Smith. 

CUYAHOGA FALLS, Summit Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Charles Clark, Mrs. Henry McKinney. Mrs. Geo. P. Upson; Vice Pres.. 
>[rs. Dr. Clark, Mrs. L. L. Holden, Mrs. Gillette, Mrs. O. B. Beebe ; Sec. and Treas., Mrs, 
Ed. Ycomans, Mr«. Geo. Sackett. Miss Eliza Baber, Miss Hattie A. Mizc. 

Cash disbursements. $998.81. Supplies not estimated. 

DALTOX, Wayne Co. 

Pres., Mrs. P. M. Seniple : Vice Pres., Mrs. J. Erwin. Mrs. A. Cook ; Sec. Mrs. M. It. 
Faust; Treas., 3Irs. A. Cameron. 
Estimated value of contributions, ^l.lTo. 

DAMASCUS, CoLUMBi.vN.\ Co. 

Pres., Mrs. J. M. Hale, Miss Mary Jobes, Miss Temp. Blackburn; Sec, Mrs. J. ]'.. 
Naylor, Miss Ella Preston ; Treas., Seth Pennock. C. Walton. 
Estimate of contributions, $1,000. 

DEERCREEK, Pa. 
Pres., Mrs. Alexander, Sec. Miss Annie J. Shields; Treas., Miss Ann Davidson. 

DEERFIELD, Poktacje Co. 

DEEUFIELD.— Pres. Mrs. M. Tibbies. .Vlrs. E. W. (Jray; VicKPiiKs.. Mrs. White; Sec 
AND Treas., Mrs. Sarah Warner. Miss A. J. Gibbs. 
Estimate of contributions, $1,000. 

DEERFIELD, SOUTH BRANCH.— Pres., Mrs. T. R. Mowen : Sec and Treas., >liss 
M. Permelia Diver. 
Cash expended, $90. ^'ahK■ of suiiplics forwarded, $203.88. 

DENMARK, Asiitaijula Co. 
Sec. -Mrs. :\[. Palmer. 



474 APPENDIX F. 

DOVER, Cuyahoga Co. 

Pkes.. Rev. Mrs. Smith, Mrs. Phinney, >[is-s Mar3'E. Northrup ; Sec, Mies Lydia W, 
IJrackett; Tkeas., Mi-s. Dr. Morse. 



DOYLESTOWN, Wayne Co. 

Pkes., Mrs. A. M. Armstrong; Sec, Miss Macii'ic Graham; Tre.\s., Miss Lettle 
Armstrong. 

EAGLEVILLE, AsriTABUi>A Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. James stone ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Horace Wolcott, Mrs. Eben Tuttle, Mrs. 
Oscar Lee ; Sec, Miss Abhic Stone, Miss Rosie L. Mills, Miss Mary A. Wolcott ; Treas., 
Mrs. Alfred Mills. Mrs. A. Bartholomew, Miss Rosie L. Mills ; Directors, Mrs. A. How- 
ard. Mrs. Newton Lee. Mrs. John Halliday, Mrs. Geo. Olmsted, Miss A. Y. Stanley, Mrs. 
Joseph McNiitt, Mrs. Harvey Mills, Mrs. J. B. Bartholomew, Mrs. J. ^lorley, Mrs. John 
Srilson, Mrs. John Chapel, 

Estimate of money and stores disbursed. $1,240.41. 

EARLVILLE, Portage Co. 

Pres. and Treas., Mrs. M. R. Haymaker; Vice Pres., Mrs. Almira Whitney, Mrs. 
Ruth Stratton ; Sec. Mrs. Lucy Russell. Miss Nancy Dewey, Miss Gertrude Lemmerman. 

EAST CLEVELAND, Cuyahoga Co. 

EAST CLEVELAND.— Pres., Mrs. H. C, Ford, Mrs. Dr. Chipman. Mrs. Handley ; Vice 
Pres., Mrs. A. M. Richardson; Sec, Mrs. N. Post, Miss M. R. Post, Mrs. N. L. Post; 
Treas., Mrs. E. P. Ingersoll, Mi8§ S. J. Walters ; Directors, Mrs. D. E. Sprague, Mrs. 
P. Sherwin, Mrs. N. Cozad ; Mrs. Hickos, Mrs. M'alters, Mrs. Watkins, Mrs. Hildreth, 
Mrs. Spaythe, Mrs. Millard. 

Besides large contributions of hospital goods, and of articles for the Sanitary Fair 
valued at $100, this Society made one hundred and twenty-five garments from material 
furnished. 

EAST CLEVELAND, DISTRICT No. 9.— Pres., Mrs. E. Nott ; Sec, Mrs. Ben. Phillips. 



EAST FAIRFIELD, Columbiana Co. 
Pres., Miss L. Williamson ; Sec. Miss Lizzie TuUis ; Treas., Miss Amanda Tullis 

EAST MAYFIELD and WEST CHESTER, Cuyahoga Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. H. N. Battles; Vice Pres., Mrs. A. M. Snow; Sec, Mrs. M. A. Battles: 
Treas., Mrs. L. Ferry. 

Value of supplies not estimated. 21',! articles made for Central Society. $10 contributed 
to the Sanitary Fair. 

EAST ROCHESTER, Columbiana Co. 

Pres., Mrs. C. A. Messimore, Mrs. E. A. Henry; Sec, Miss Lizzie McDaniels. Miss M. 
J. Blanchard ; Treas., Miss Sallie J. Evans. 



APPENDIX F. 475 

EDINBORO, Erip: Co., Pa. 

Pkes., Mrs. James Thompson, Mrs. John True ; Vice Prks., Mrs. Isaac Becdor; SKf., 
MissCollom, Mrs. Wm. Grassie ; Treas., Mrs. Winters Campbell. Miss M A. Phelps: 
Directors, Mrs. Mary Rogers, Mrs. Phelps. Mrs. Hiram Johnson. Miss M. Phelps. 



EDINBURGH, Poktage Co. 
Pres.. Mrs. J. B. Stilson ; Sec. and Treas.. :Mrs. Virgil Ooddard. 

ELLSWORTH, Mahoki.ng Co. 

Pees., Mrs. E. Coit, Miss A. McKune, Mrs. Eli Miller, Mrs. Harvey Ripley ; Vice Pres., 
Mrs. H. Sill, Miss Sarah Dheld, Mrs. Ann Hughes ; Sec. Miss Mary Allen, Miss Ellen 
Huntington, Miss Fannie Coit ; Treas., Miss H. Bingham. Miss A. Beardsley. Miss Sarah 
Dheld. 

Estimate of contributions, $1,000. 

ELYRIA, LoRAix Co. 

Pres., Mrs. C. H. Doolittle, Mrs. A. A. Bliss, Mrs. Geo. Starr: Vice Pres.. Mrs. J. M. 
Vincent; Sec, Mrs. J. E. D. Laundon, Miss Mary E. Manter: Treas., Mrs. G. G. Wash- 
burn, Miss Sue M. Manter. 

The Elyria Branch, one of the principal tributaries to the Cleveland Sanitary Commis- 
sion, makes no estimate of the value of its shipments, but reports a cash exjieiiditure of 
$9,509.85. The citizens of Elyria responded liberally to the calls of their .\id Society, 
which was ever efficient in rendering local relief, and in the direct care of the regiments 
recruited in Lorain county, as well as in the army work done through the Sanitary Com- 
mission. This Society contributed to the Sanitary Fair articles valued at ,f400. and its 
members were actively interested in making the Lorain County Bodtli attractive and 
profitable to the Fair. 

ERIE, Erie Co., Pa. 

Pres., Mrs. C. I. Gara, Mrs. James Skinner; Sec, Miss Sarah L. Olmstead : Treas., 
Mrs. Wm. F. Rindernecht. 

EUCLID, Cuyahoga Co. 

EUCLID CRKEK.— Pres., Mrs. S. W. Dille ; Sec, Mrs. Jos. Phillips ; Treas., Mrs. John 
Wilcox. 

EUCLID RIDGE.— Pbes., Mrs. Hannah Webster ; Sec. Mrs. Mary Humphrey : Treas., 
Miss Olive Sanders. 

NORTH EUCLID.— Pres., Mrs. Wm. Treat. Mrs. Ellen Bail, Mrs. Sophia Russell : Sec, 
Mrs. E. Parr, Mrs. Ellen Bail; Treas., Mrs. J. Wilcox, Mrs. Emma Crosier. 



FAIRVIEW, Erie Co., Pa. 

Pres., Mrs. John Sturgeon, Miss Nancy Sturgeon ; Sec, Miss EfHe Sturgeon, Miss 
Lizzie J. Moorhead ; Tkeas., Miss Jane McCreary. 



476 APPENDIX F. 

FARMINGTON, Trumbut.l Co. 

Pkes.. :Mi->. a. D. Kibbee. Mri^. O. A. Page: Vice Pres., Mr«. James Caldwell; Sec, 
Mrs. Sarah J. Taft, Aris^^ Emma O. Kibbee; Tbeas., Miss Rebecca J. Trew, Miss Sarah 
Palmer. 

Total value of hospital stores, $'.)lS.ti8. Cash e.xpeiuled. $500. 

FITCHVILLE, Huron Co. 

Pres., Mrs. O. Burjjess, Mrs. Nancy Palmer, Mrs. T. W. Thompson : VrcE Pres., Mrs. 
Burr; Sec Miss Olive Burgess, Miss Louisa Green, ]Miss Ellen Ward. Mrs. Julia Ward. 
Mrs. Eliza Palmer; Treas., Mrs. Ann Palmer. 

Cadi expended, .'f411.-i4. Supplies not estimated. 

FLORENCE, Erie Co. 

Pres., :Mrs. Dr. Osbom. ^Irs. J. A. Darling; Sec. and Treas., ]N[iss S. E. Heath. Mrs. 
TJ. \. Blackmail. 

FOOTVILLE, Trumbull Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. Hiram Spatl'ord; Vice Pres., Miss Lotfy Bacon: Sec, ■>rrs. E. O. Foot ; 
Tueas.. Mrs. Maltby. 

FOUR CORNERS, HuROK Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. Laura Read, :\rrs. H. N. Allen, Mrs. A. Stone, jNIrs. Henry Kingsley, Mrs. 
S. Atherton; Vice Pres., Mrs. L. Bogardus, Mrs. A. Barnes, Mrs. C. Hawley, Mrs. 
Scarles : Sec , Mrs. E. J. Cook, Mrs. H. M. Hoyt, Mrs. S. L. Smith, Miss Sylvia Cornell, 
Mrs. L. Bogardus: Tueas.. Mrs. S. Salisbury. 

Estimate of suiiplies forwarded, ftu'i. 

FOWLER, Trumbull Co. 

FOWLER.— Pees., Mrs. Mary C. Andrews; Sec, Miss Amelia Tew, Treas., Mrs. O. 
M. Baldwin ; Directors, Mrs. Esther Williamson, Mrs. Sarah Ross. Mrs. Margaret 
Alderman. 

FOWLER, No. 2.— Pres., Mrs. Lavinia Jones ; Sec. Miss Euretta Jones ; Treas.. Mrs. 
Frank Horton. 
Value of supplies sent, $900. 
FOWLER'S MILLS.-Pres., Mrs. H. S. Hazen ; Sec, Mrs. E. E. Miller. 

FOWLER RIDGE AND CHAD^^^CK CORNERS.— Pres., Mrs. C. Stewart, :^rrs. Sarah 
J. Greenwood ; Sec , Mrs. Lucy JL Baldwin, Mrs. Hannah Doud ; Treas., Mrs. Lucy M. 
Baldwin, Mrs. Adeline Chadwick. 

Value of supplies. .^100. 

FRANKLIN, Summit Co. 
Pres.. Mrs. David Keller ; Sec, :Mrs. H. C. Housman ; Treas., Mrs. Wm. Sisler. 

FRANKLIN MILLS, Portage Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. Justus Barr. Mrs. Dr. Crittenden; Vice Pkes., Mrs. E. Hurlburt ; Sec .\xd 
The.Jls.. Mrs. II. A. Bradshaw. 



APPENDIX F. 477 

FEEEDOM, Portage Co. 

FREEDOM.— Pres., Mrs. H. D. Curtis, Mrs. C. Burrows ; SKc.,Mrs. H. Bryant ; Treas., 
Miss Emma Bryant. 
Value of supplies, ijJoOO. 

FREEDOM, M'EST SIDE. -Pres., Mrs. J. C. Parker; Sec, Mrs. Maria Kellogg. 

FRUCJSVILLE, Cuyahoga Co. 

Pres, Miss Julia .\. Moses ; Vice Pres., Miss Kate Moses; Sec and Treas., Miss 
Libbie H. Mcllrath. 

This Society, composed of school-girls, contributed about .f70 in cash, and one hundred 
and tifty articles of hospital clothing. 

GARRETTSVILLE, Portage Co. 

Pres., Mrs. E. A. Frisby, Mrs. W. White ; ViC3 Pres., Mrs. M. A. Adams, Mrs. C. M. 
Wight ; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. A. W. Lake ; Committee, Mrs. D. Peffers, Mrs. C. Willson, 
Mrs. M. Pierce. Mrs. A. Dunn, Mrs. M. Daniels, Mrs. L. White. Miss Abbie Ellinwood. 

Cash expended, $:M4.'.li. Supplies not estimated. 

GATES' MILLS, Cuyahoga Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. liUcy Ann Gates ; Sec, Mrs. H. G. Spear; Treas., Mrs. Wm. Shuai-t. 

GENEVA, Ashtabula Co. 

GENEVA.— Pres., Mrs. J. E. Chapin, Mrs. M. Fitch, Mrs. Richmond, Mrs.S. P. Fitch ; 
Vice Pres., Mrs. Haskell. Mrs. Dickinson, Mrs. ,T. Condit, Mrs. J. Boughton, Mrs. H. 
Lane, Mrs. C. Wright; Sec, Mrs. E. H. Lindergreen ; Treas., Mrs. J. Condit, Mrs. S. P. 
Fitch, Mrs. S. Stow, Mrs. H. Lane. 

Value of supjilies, $fi8(i. Cash expended. .fSTS. Balance on hand at the close of the 
war, $~M, which was distributed among the destitute families of soldiers. 

NORTH GENEVA.— Pres., Mrs. L. Carey; Sec. Miss Jerusha AVard ; Tkeas., Mrs. 
Cornelia Castle. 
Cash disbursed, $^r)?^ <)7. 

GIRAED, Erie Co., Pa. 

GIRARD.— Pres., Mrs. David Clin ; Sec, Mrs. R. S. Battles. 
WEST GIRARD.— Pres., Mrs. H. Miles. 

GOSHEN, Mahoning Co. 

Pres., Miss Phebe James, Mrs. Isabel T. French ; Sec. ]\riss Sarah Townsend, Miss 
Hannah K. James; Treas., Mrs. Sarah A. Davis. 
Supplies valued at .|;1.3H).-iT. Cash to Sanitary Fair. $49. 

GRAFTON CENTER, Lorain Co. 
Pres. and Sec. Mrs. M. S. Lawrence. 



478 APPE]srDix F. 

GRAND RIVER, Ashtabula Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Tlio!?. Bn\-tor; Sec, Miss Mary Henry; Tueas., Mrs. J. A. Chapinrtii. 

GRANGER, Medina Co. 

Pres., Mrs. E. B. Low, Miss Frances Crisman; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. C. Braiiiavd, ^Nfrs 
Bnnkle: Sec. Mrs. M. C. Hickox, Mrs. L. E. Hopkins. 

GREENFIELD, Hdron Co. 

Pres., Mrs. A. Tiittle; Vice Pres., Mrs. T. Newberry; Sec, Mrs. S. Cleland ; Treas., 
Hiram Smitli; Committee, Mrs. Hiram Smith, Mrs. Erastus Smith, Mrs. Burnett Roe. 
airs. J. M. Wright, Mrs. John Wheeler. 

VahiP of supplies, $37.3.21. Cash disbursed, $115.21. 

GREEN HILL, Columbiana Co. 

Agent, Miss Rachel Taylor. 
Value of supplies, $125. 

GREENSBURGH, Trumbull Co. 

GREENSBURGH.— Pres., Miss Eldah Gibbs, Mrs. Calista Chapman; Sec, Miss Sophia 
Bartlett, Miss Flora McKee; Treas., Mrs. M. M. Cooley. 

GREENE, DISTRICT No. .3.— Pres., Mrs. R. Harrison; Vice Pres., Mrs. II. Bnrliu- 
game; Sec, Miss Roxa A. Bartlett; Treas., Miss Amanda Harrington. 

GREEN SPRINGS, Seneca Co. 

Pres., Mrs. James A. Watrous ; Sec, Miss Marion Dana, Miss N. E. Watrons ; Treas., 
Mrs. Fairchild. 

GREENTOWN, Stark Co. 

Pres., Mrs. J. G. Reifsnider ; Sec, Mrs. L. Kryder; Treas., Miss Matilda Smith. 

GREEN TOWNSHIP, Summit Co. 

Pres., Mrs. A. A. Tousley ; Sec, Mrs. A. V. Perdue ; Treas., Mrs. C. Hunsburger. 

GREENWICH, Huron Co. 

GREENWICH STATION.— Pres., Mrs. Martha Carl; Sec and Treas., Mrs. Marcus 
Mead; Directors, Mrs. Joanna Briggs, Mrs. Lucy Berry, Mrs. M. Hall, Mrs. J. Hopkins, 
Mrs. Anna Mead, Mrs. Mary Sheldon, Mrs. Harriet Carl. 

EAST GREENWICH.— Pres., Miss Hattie Gorham ; Sec Miss Maria Doud ; Treas., 
Mrs. Anna Doud. 

YOUNG LADIES' WIDE AWAKE CLLTB, GREENWICH STATION.— Pres., Miss 
Annie M. Smith ; Vice Pres., Miss Annie Mead ; Sec, Miss Anna S. Jenny ; Treas., Miss 
Annie A. Barnes. 



J 



APPENDIX F. 479 

GUSTAVUS, Trumbull Co. 

Tkes., Mrs. Geo. W. Cowden ; Vice Pres., Mrs. E. M. William?; Sec, Miss I'hebe M. 
Barues, Mrs. C. M. M'akefleld; Treas., Mrs. J. S. Sheldon, Mrs. Mitchell Scott. 

HALLECK, Columbiana Co. 

Pres., Kev. James N. Swau; Vice Pres., Miss Maggie Falconer; Sec, Miss Kate 
McKenzie ; Treas., Mrs. A. M. Swan. 

This Society reports 14 boxes shipped to Cleveland, and articles valued at $50 with $44 
in cash to Sanitary Fair, besides supplies to State Associations and to soldiers in camp. 

IIAMBDEN, Geauga Co. 

IIAMBDEN.— Pres , Mrs. Clarinda Hale; Vice Pees., Mrs. Louisa Griste, Mrs. Martha 
Elliott ; Sec. Miss Mary E. Field ; Treas., Mrs. Elizabeth Mead. 
Cash to soldiers and their families, $1.125 ; supplies not estimated. 

NORTH HAMBDEN.— Pres., Mrs. Esther A. Maynard ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Caroline 
Sheldon ; Sec, Mrs. Emma M. Brown ; Treas., Miss Lizzie Shattuck. 

HANOVERTON, Columblvna Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Susan Arter; Vice Pres.. Mrs. Mary C. Arter. Mrs. Sarah Mill)urn; Sec, 
Miss Jennie Voglesong; Treas., Mrs. Elizabeth Pritchard. 
Sent to the Sanitary Fair $176; supplies not estimated. 

HARBOR CREEK, Erie Co., Pa. 

Pres., Mrs. L. H. Cousc, Mrs. John Dodge; Vice Pres., Mrs. B. F. Walker; Sfc, Mrs. 
Wm. Besley, Mrs. J. Carter; Treas.. Mrs. J. Sherwin. 

HARDY and MONROE TOWNSHIPS, Holmes Co. 
Pres., Miss Maggie Finney; Sec, Miss Lizzie Korns; Treas., Mrs. Caroline Close. 

HARPERSFIELD, Ashtabula Co. 

HAKPERSFIELD.— Pres., Mrs. F. E.Clemens; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. Hibbard ; Sec, 
Miss Sara M. Tuttlc ; Treas., Mrs. O. F. Gibbs. 
Estimate of disbursements, .$550. 

HARPERSFIELD, JTVENILE.— Pres.. Miss R. W. Phillips ; Sec and Treas.. Miss 
Eliza J. Phillips. 

HARRISBURG, Stark Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. C. Stockburger; Sec. Mrs. P. A. Sheets: Treas., Mrs. E. Hoover. 
Value of supi)!ies, .$53..50. 

HARRISONVILLE, Erie Co , Pa. 

Pres., Mrs. Miranda Keep ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Mary J. Lewis ; Sec, Miss Lydia L. Cole ; 
Treas., Mrs. Polly Keep. 



480 Ari'EM)ix V. 

HARRISVILLE, Hahki^^o.n Co. 

Pke?., Mrs. Mni-y J. De Vilbiss: Sec. and Treas., Mrs. Helen E. Walsou, Miss Litliii B. 
Hayhurst. 

HAHRISVILLE, Medina Co. 

Pkes., Mrs. II. B. Tuttle ; Sec. and Tkeas., INIrs. L. M. Ford. 

HARTFORD, Trumbui-l Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. r. B. Miner, Mrs. B. Fejni. Mrs. D. Tarsdns. Mrs. J. :M!itt<)x. Miss Eliza 
Spear, Miss J. A. Bushiicll ; Sec, Mrs. Dr. Hart, Mrs. R. W. Johnson, Miss M. E. Beebe ; 
Treas., Mrs D. Parsons, Mrs. J. Mattox, Miss Eliza Spear, Mrs. A. D. Drnry. 

Estimate of disbursements, $1,000. 

HARTLAND, Hueon Co. 
Pkes., Mrs. Almera V. Snow, Mrs. William Wooden ; Sec, !Mrs. Thomas Strattor. 

HARTSGROVE, Ashtahui-a Co. 

I'KES.. Mrs. M. (). Bailey ; Vice Pres., Mrs. A. Flowers ; Sec. Miss Lucy Babcoek, Miss 
KiUh A. Hunt ; Treas.. Miss Catherine Williams, Mrs. C. L. Parker. 

IIARTVILLE, Stakk Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Sarah Keed ; Vice Pres.. ^Irs. Louisa Hooxer ; Sec, Miss Lydia Kimmell : 
Treas., Mrs. Lizzie Thompson. 

HATCH'S CORNERS, Asiitaiula Co. 

PuEs., Mrs. O. Abbott : Sec. Miss L. A. Spauldin.i:: Treas., Mrs. L. .'. Eaton. 

HAYESVILLE, Ashland Co. 

Pres., Miss Belle Kose, Mrs. Jane McNeil: Sec, Miss Mary J. Ashenhurst. Miss A. M . 
Staltbrd; Treas., Mrs. S. Glass, Mrs. J. Kinniger. 
Estimate of disbursements, $'^,000. 

HENRIETTA, Lohain Co. 

IIENKIETTA.— Pres., M'-s. E. Maey ; Sec, Mrs. S. B. Dudley: Treas., .^!i^s Angie 
Fuller. 

SOUTH HENRIETTA.— Pres.. Miss Lina Bates: Vice Pkes.. Mrs. J. Ladow. Mrs. C. 
Close; Sec, Miss Sallie Shook; Treas., Miss Allie Bayles. 

Cash expended. |;115.50. 

HINCKLEY, Medina Co. 

EAST HINCKLEY.— Pres.. Mrs. Wm. Searls; Vk e Pres.. Mrs. J. (.ioueh ; Sec, Miss 
Julia K. Gouch ; Treas., Mrs. J. Porter. 



APPENDIX F. 4S1 

HINCKLEY AND BIU'NSWICK TOWN LINE.— Pres., Mrs. Jerome Chicl?ey; Vice 
Pbes., Mrs. Horace Kennedy; Sec, Mrs. Horatio J. Chidscy ; Tueas., Mrs. Julius Phelps. 

HINCKLEY AND GRANGER TOWN LINE.— Pres., Mrs. O. Perrin ; Vice Pres., Mrs. 
D. Oviatt, Mrs. S. Newton : Sec, Mrs. John Musser ; Treas., Mrs. John Kellogj:. 
Value of supplies, $48". 75. 

NORTH HINCKLEY RIDGE.— Pres.. Mrs. Nathaniel Porter; Treas.. Mrs. Rollin 
Eastman. 

SOUTH EAST HINCKLEY. -Pres., Miss Julia K. Gouch, Mrs. E. Marquitt, Mrs. J. E. 
Marquitt; Vice Pkes., Mrs. A. G. Wilder, Mrs. E. Hall; Sec, Mrs. J. W. Parker, Mrs. 
R. Porter, Miss Julia K. Goiieh : Treas., Miss J. Bell. Mrs. S. Marquitt. Mrs. J, Porter. 

HIRAM, Portage Co. 

Phes., Mrs. Perry Reno; Vice Pres., Mrs. Buckingham; Sec, Mrs. (ien, Garfield, Mrs. 
Frederic Wilmot; Treas., Mrs. James I. Young, Mrs. John C. Rudolph. 
Cash expended, $411.88. No supply report. 

IIOLMESVILLE, Hot.mes Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Maria Griffin, Miss S. J. Sadler; Sec, Miss Mattie Officer, Miss Emma 
McMonigal; Treas., Mrs. Sarah McMonigal, Mrs. Lewis Crawford. 



HUBBARD, Trumbull Co. 

HUBBARD.— Pkes., Mrs. Samuel Iline; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. Jackson; Sec. Mrs. 
Augustus Dilley; Treas., Mrs. John Eyster. 
Cash expended, $252.51. 

NORTH HUBBARD.— Pres., :Mrs. Joseph Patterson ; Sec, Miss Amanda Bartholomew: 
Treas., Miss Adeline Hart. 

HUDSOX, SuJiMiT Co. 

Pres., Mrs. T. B. Fairchild. :Mrs. N. P. Seymour, Mrs. M. C. Read ; Sec, Mrs. N. P. 
Seymour, Mrs. Van R. Humphrey, ^liss Sarah Ashniun, Miss Fannie L. Trowhrid^-c: 
TiJEAS , Mrs. N. P. Seymour. 
\ 

HUNTINGTOX, Lorain Co. 

Pres , Mrs. A. R. Clark. Mrs. J. A. Chapman, Mrs. S. S. Warner, Mrs. C. M. D. Perkins; 
Vk.-e Pre?.. Mrs. S. G. Bowker, Jlrs. D. H. Austin, Mrs. O. T, Baker, Mrs. A. D. Perkins; 
Cou. Sec, Mrs. C. M D. Perkins, Mrs. L. M. Sago, Mrs. J, A. Chapman, Mrs. E. West; 
Rsc Sec, Mrs. O. T. Baker, Mrs. S. S. M'arner, Mrs. W.W.Wills, Mrs. R. Smith; 
Treas.. Mrs. Wm. June, Miss Delia Elder, Mrs. Wm. Mooney, Mrs. J. A. Snow. 

Estimate of hosi)ital stores, $1,.525. Cash expended, $164.15. To Sanitary Fairs, $T4 (i5. 
.•ind a large amount of proxisions and fancy articles. 

HUXTSBURGH, Geauga Co. 

Pkes.. Mr?. Louisa Hridgnian, Mrs. Sniilh Wright: Sec, Mrs. L. W. Sharp, Mrs. Henry 
Strong: TitE.\.s.. ?\[rs. ('has. Steer. 

3 1 



4.S2 APPENDIX F. 

HURON, Ekie Co. 

I'UEs., Mrs. Otis Spragiic, Mrs. llonian ; Vice Pkesi., Mrs. Tower Jackson ; Sec, Mrs. 
Ftnugles Wright, Mrs. J. W. Si)r;v2:ue, Mrs. A. G. Brainhfrd; Treas., Mrs. C. N. Ryan, 
Mrs. F. H. Wri-ht. 

IX DEPENDENCE, Cuvaiioga Co. 

INDEPENDENCE.— Pres., Mrs. Sarah A. Stafford : Sec. Mrs. Sabiua Brewster. 

INDEPENDENCE, DISTRICT No. 2.— Pres., Mrs. I, L. Gleason ; Sec, Mrs. C. L. Glea- 
poii ; Treas.. Mrs. I. Newton. 

JAMESTOWN, Ckautauque Co., N. Y. 
Pres., Mrs. S. Seymour: Sec , Mrs. A. Fletelier; Treas., Mrs. P. R. Marvin. 

JEFFERSON, Ashtabula Co. 

JEFFERSON.— Pres., Mrs. William Goodrich; Sec, Miss A. Hawley. Miss L. M. Gid- 
dings. Miss H. S. Kellogg ; Treas., Mrs. N. E. French. 

NORTH JEFFERSON.— Pres., Mrs. H. J. Pease; Vice Pres., Mrs. Susan Loomis; 
Sec, Mrs. Lavinia Jones ; Treas.. Mrs. Julia A. Sikes ; Committee, Mrs. Lois Udell, Mrs. 
T. A. Jerome, Miss Martha Bunnell. 

JEROMEVILLE, Ashlakd Co. 
Pres., Jliss Sarah J. Hargrave; Sec, Miss Addle Allcnian. 

JOHNSTONVILLE, Trumbull Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Amelia Y. Eells ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Levens ; Sec, Miss Emily Bartlett; 
Treas., Mrs. Marian Hine; Committee, Miss Betsey Dickinson, Mrs. Harriet Brinsmade. 
Mrs. Celia Barnes, Mrs. Laura Thompson, Mrs. Louisa Holcomb, Mrs. Ellen Norcott. 

Estimate of supplies, §(iOO. Sent to Sanitary Fair, .'J^IOO. 

KANSAS, Sexkca Co. 

COM.MITTEE, Miss Eliza Standish, Mrs. Barbara Ash. 
Estimate of supplies, $4U0. 

KELLOGGSVILLE. Asht.^bula Co. 

Pres. and Sec, Mrs. R. P. Brown ; Virs 1'res., Mrs. S. S. Bushnell: Treas . Mrs. A. 
Kellogg. 

KELLEY'S ISLAND. 

Pres., Mrs. Datus Kelle y ; Vice Pres., Mrs. ?,I. Titus: Sec and Treas.. Mrs. E. K. 
Huntington. 
Cash di-^bursed, $173.-12. Estimate of stores, $1,971.20. Total eoutrihution. $2.11)4.()2. 



APPKIN^DIX F. 48'] 

KENT, POKTAGE Co. 
Pres., Mrs. A. W. Botsfonl; Sec, ifrs. John C. U:\rt : Tueas.. Mrs. L. Ilolden. 

KIANTONE, CiiArT.vuQUE Co., X. Y. 

Pke3., Mrs. E. O. Morgan ; Sec, Mrs. II. P. C'ai'cy ; Tkeas., :Mrs. C. Slicrm.in ; Diuectoiis. 
Mrs. Chapin, Mrs. Jones. 
Estimatfi of supplies. sSi.oOO. 

KIXaSVILLE, Ashtabula Co. 

KIXGSVILLE.— PiiEs., Mrs. Helen Murray, Mrs. E. M.Webster; Vice Pres., Mrs. 
Dorla Luce, Mrs. A. B. Luce ; Sec, Mrs. Maria Nettleton, Mrs. E. M. Webster ; Treas., 
Mrs. Lura Brown, Mrs. Oliver Barrett. 

Estimate of supplies, $G50. Cash expended, $11.5. 

KINGSVILLE, LAKE SHORE.— Pres Mrs. Geo. Van Slyke : Sec, Mrs. Lovina Wood- 
worth ; Treas., Mrs. Louisa Smith. 
Cash expended, $00. 

NORTH KTNGSVILLE.— Pres., Mrs. E. D. Nettleton ; Sec, Jfrs. D. C. Caughey ; 
Treas., Mrs. Dow Craytou ; Directors, Mrs. Chas. Craytou, Mrs. John Hotchkiss. 

Estimate of contributions, ,f.32.5. 

SOUTH KINGSVILLE.— Pres., Mrs. V. C. Fox ; Sec, Miss Laura A. Whitney ; Treas., 
Mrs. Lizzie Mu.llett ; Directors. Mr*. Whiton, Mrs. Ambrose Curtiss. Mrs. Alniira Bujjboe 

TvINSMA.V, Trumbull Co. 

KINSMAN.— Pres., Mrs. Sophia B. Kinsman, Mrs. John S. Alien, Mrs. Sylvesler Ca-e ; 
Vice Pees., Mrs. John Yeomans: Sec. Miss Mary H. Christy. 

Ca.sh expended, $5"i-2..">8. Cash value of new material. .*T0-i.4-i. Estimated value of sup- 
plies, .$3,450.40. 

KINSMAN, No. -3.- Pr.Es . :Mrs. Lucius Ailing; Vice Phes.. Sidney Mine;-. E-q. : Sec. 
Mrs. Mary A. T. Wood : Treas., Miss Abbie S. Wood. 
Estimate of contributions. $'>{){). 

KINSMAN. JUVENILE.— Miss Jeni.ie (ilb.ci!. Mi-s Becca P. Kinsman. 

KIRTLAXD,'Lm<e Co. 

KIRTLAND.— Pres , Miss Lucy Marlindale. Mrs Elvira A. Martin. INIrs. Lucy Morley ; 
Vice Pkes., Mrs. (Juy W. Smith : Sec and Treas,. Miss Belle G. .Morse. 

EAST KIRTLAND.— Pres., Mrs. Margaret Booth: Vice Pres.. Miss Ai;na De Long; 
Sec , Mrs. Ann White Harmon, Mrs. 'Slavy E, Ladd : Treas.. Mrs. Minerva Harm ):i. 

NORTH KIRTLAND.— Pres., Mrs. E. Melcalf: Vice Pres., Mrs, M. Milikeu; Sjtc. 
Mrs. E. Markell, Mrs, P. M. Green ; Treas., Mrs. C, Brown ; Soi.k rrons. Mrs. S. Sp.'ar, 
Mrs. P. M. Green. 

Estimate of supplies, .$-21)0. 



484 Ain'ENDix F. 

LAFAYETTE, Medina Co. 

Phes., Mr^. Briiitnall, ;Ml■^J. John Chase, >[rs. Pahnor ; VicK Pr>i;s.. Mrs. Goodrich, Mi9^s 
A. Harrington, Mrs. Jolm Williams ; Sec, Mrs. Brintuall, Miss Emma J. Phinney ; Tue.'V.s., 
.>rrs. BriiiliKill. Miss Sarah E. Thomas. 

LiURANGE, i.ouArx Co. 

LA GRAXGE.— Prks., Mrs. Matilda Ilumphruy. Mrs. C. Wilcox; Sec, Mrs. J. L. Rich- 
mond, Mrs. G. Wilco.\ ; Trk.\s., Mrs. Lucia Merriam, Mrs. N. P. Johnson. 

EAST LA GR.\NGR.— PuES.. :>Irs. E. B. Baldwin ; Sec, Mrs. David Clark. 

LAMARTIXE, Carroll Co. 

AoK.N'T. (ico. W. Adami. 

LA PORTE, Lorain Co. 

Pkes., Mrs. Sophia B. liriijgs ; Vice Pres., iMrs. IL Carpenter: Sec. a.vd Tkeas., Mr>*. 
Phcbo M. A!j:ard. 

LEICESTER, Livingston Co., X. Y. 

PuKs.. Mrs. IL Tillon ; Sec .vnu Ti!EAS., Mrs. W. 11. Sellow. 

LEXOX, Ashtabula Co. 

PKEs.,Mrs. J. A. Uydo, Mrs. A. D. Eddy: Sec. Miss E. J. Ilciilcr-^on. Mrs. B. L. 
Mosher ; Tbsas., Mrs. M. J. French. 
Es;timate of contributions, $-J5r2.O0. 

LIBERTY, TKU.M15ULL Co., (United Pkksbyi-ekian CuuRcn.) 

Pkes., Rov. David (Joodwillie. Robert Stranahan ; Sec. Miss Mary fl:irk : Tr.EAS..Mrs. 
Mari;aret Gorley. 

LIMAVILLE, Stark Co. 
Pkes.. Mrs. A. Morss : Sec. Miss Amelia Day; Tiieas,. ;Mi-s Emma Morssj. 

LircHFIELD, Medina Co. 

Pkes., Mrs. Amy Delamater; Vice Pres., !Mrs. Brinsmade ; Sec, Mrs. Mark S. Sibley, 
Mrs. P. C. Stranahan, Miss Mary S. Clapp ; Treas., Mrs. Rice, Mrs. J. Brooker. 

LIVERPOOL, Medina Co. 

Pkes., Mrs. Fanny Pannelee, INOss Sallie V. Thermot ; Skc, Miss Juliette Howard, 
Miss Emma Wilmot. 

LOCUST POIXT, Ottvwa Co. 

Skc, Miss Emma Xui^ent. 



APPENDIX K 485 

LOTTSVILLE, Warken Co., Pa. 
Agents. Mrs. S. M. Lott, Miss 11. D. Lott. 

LOriSVJLLE, Stauk Co., 
Pres.. Mrs. K. Sl\()!)!). ^ 

LOWELL, Sexeca Co. 
Piucs.. >rrs. Kiiiily (^-ockctt, ; Srsc, Miss Nellie Hogg-. 

LOWKLLSVILLE, MAUoxrNCr Co. 
Pkes.. Mrs. P. .T. Walsou; Sec, Mary A. Hunter. 

McKAY, Ashland Co. 

Pkes.. Mrs. A. P.. Case; Sec, Miss Libbie Read; Tueas,. iliss Jennie Read. 

MACEDONIA, Summit Co. 

Pres., Mrs. H. O. Uiitlierrord ; Vice Pres., Mrs. M. Ranuey, Mrs. W. Johnson, Mrs. J. 
Monroe; Sec. and Tkeas., Mrs. E. E. Stone; Committee, Miss L. Ramiey. Mrs. D. H. W. 
Carley. :Mrs. H. D. Clark. Miss A. Everest, Mrs. Charaberlin. 

MADISON, Lake Co. 

MADISON.— Pres., Miss Susan Warner, Mrs. E. F. Ensign ; Vice Pkes., Mrs. C. W. 
Torrey ; Sec and Treas., Miss N. Howard, ^Nlrs. C. W. Ensign, Jr. 

NORTH MADISON.— Pres., Mrs. J. E. Bailey, Miss Helen M. Wadsworth, Mrs. Betsey 
E. Baldwin, Mrs. S. G. Brancli ; \WE Pres., Mrs. J. H. Whiting, .Airs. R. R. Davis, Mrs. 
J. W. Crocker; Sec, Mrs. C. H. DeForest, Miss Nancy Dow, Miss Frank L. Branch ; 
Tkeas., Mrs. C. Wadsworth, Miss Gertrude Bailey. 

NORTH MADISON, No. 3.— Pres. Mrs. J. M. Green : Vice Pres.. Miss E. Toby ; Sec, 
Miss Alice Fuller; Treas., Miss E. Warner. 

NORTH MADISON, L.\KE DISTRICT.— Pres., Mrs. Susan Doty: Sec, Mrs. II. P. 
Thornburgh, Mrs. Emily Woodworth ; Treas., Mrs. John Dow. 

NORTH MADISON, LAKE SIIORE.-Pkes.. Mrs. Xaliianiel Waterman: Sec. Mr.s. 
Thomas Blair : Treas., Mrs. John F. Blair. 

SOl'TH MADISON.— Pres., Mrs. Lunian Wlictder; Sec, Miss Joanna K. (Jriswold. 

MALVERN, Caki-.oi.l Co., 

Pres., Miss .Mary Lat(a : Nice Pres., Mrs. Dr. A. Eakin ; Sec, Mrs. S. T. Tressell, Miss 
Lizzie Rukenbrod; Treas., Mrs. S. J. Ross; Financial Sec, Mrs. II. J. Hardesty ; Com- 
mittee, Mrs. Isabella Latta, Mrs. M. Amos. 

Cash expended, $'>W). Thirty boxes of hospital stores shi])))c>d, value not e>^tiuiat('il. 

xMA.XCilESTEK, Summit Co. 
Pres., Mrs. L. R. Sisler: Sec . Mrs. II. A. Housman. 



480 APF^ENDIX F. 

MANTUA, PonTAOE Co. 

MANTUA CENTER.— Pres., :Miss S. R. Bump, Mi>. T. Ingoll, Mrs. Dr. O. Ferris : Vuk 
Pres., Mrs. Dr. A. J. Squire, Mrs. M, Post; Sec, Miss Carrie M.Davis, Miss C. S. 
Bump, Miss S. R. Bump ; Tueas., Mrs. Dr. O. Ferris, Miss R AY. Davis, Miss S. R. Bump. 

Value of contributions, $431.0". 

MANTUA STATION.— Pres., Mrs. P. JI. Folgor; Sec, :Mrs. Adeline PI Goddard; Tri.:.\s.. 
Mrs. Anne Farr. 
NORTH-EAST MANTUA.-Phes., Mrs. Betsey W. Esty ; Sec, Mrs. Levi E. Carlton. 
SOUTH MANTl'A.— Pres., Mrs. E. P. Crooks; Sec axd Treas., Mrs. A. Fmst. 

MAPLE HILL, Geaug.v Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Milo Blakcsley ; Sec, Mrs. Jlartlia Bartlett. :Mrs. Mary R. Hansard ; Tueas., 
Mrs. L. S. Blakesley. 

MARLBORO, Stauk Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Mary Mendeuhall ; Mrs. Nancy :McElroy ; Sec. Mrs. H. W. Brooke, .Mrs. U. 
G. Savage; Treap., Mrs. Louise M. Doering. 

MARSIIALLVILLE, Wayne Co. 

Pres., Mrs. L. L. Cunniugham ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Elizalietli Wear : Sec, ^Hss Catharine 
Keck; Theas., Mrs. Catharine A. Cuuniugham. 

Cash expended, $"."). Two thousand pounds of hospital comforts shipped through the 
Cleveland Sanitary Commission. 

MASSILLON. ?TAi!iv Co. 

Pres., Mrs. M. Earl, Mrs. Geo. Harsh: Vice Pres., Mrs. T. S. Webb, Mrs. Chidester ; 
Sec, INIiss H. A. Ricks, Miss E. L. Clark ; Treas.. Mrs. Lewis Pangborn. :Mrs. James M. 
Brown ; Coji.mittbe, Mrs. Thorn. Williams, Miss Lamina Focke. 

Besides the regular duties of gathering and shipping large supplies, and a donation to 
the Cleveland Sanitary Fair, valued at ,f 1.200, the Massillon Branch administered special 
relief to soldiers" families to the amount of STS.}, furnished comforts to the hospitals of 
the 104th and 115th O. V. 1., encamped in town, at an expense of |;1,000; were active iti 
hospitalities to passing regiments and squads; and celebrated Thanksgiving days during 
the period of the war by providing abundant dinners for soldiers' lamiiies. and distribut- 
ing to tliem wood, coal and provisions, contributed by the citizens for that purpose. 

MAYFIELD CENTER, Cuyahoga Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. Ellen B. Whitney; Sioc, Miss Belle (i. Miner; Treas , Miss M. A. Atkins. 

MEADVILLE, Ckawfobd Co., Pa. 

Pres., Mrs. Hannah Moore. Mrs. Wm. Thorp; Skc, Miss Lizzie C. Callender ; Tueas., 
Miss Lizzie Huidekoi)er. 

This society, though properly i-epurting its business to the credit of the State of Penn- 
sylvania, was. for convenience of railroad transjiortation. a tributary to the Soldiers' Aid 



APPEXDIX F. 487 

Society of Northern Ohio. From its oru'!iniz.atioii. October. 18(il, to tlie close of the war. 
the Meadville Aid Sociery was an important auxiliary to the Cleveland Sanitary Commis- 
sion. Besides>hipnients of two hundred and sixty-one packa,i,'es of choice hospital stores, 
and liberal supplies furnished to sick soldiers and their families in and near the city, its 
bijoks show a cash disbursement of $(i,iiSl."Jl. 

The citizens of Meadville contributed thron>;h their Aid Society to the Cleveland Sani- 
tary b'air articlo< valued at .$74!) (K). and to the Pittsburir Sanitary Fair, $.500. 

MRCC.\, 'riuMiu'i.i, To 

MSCCA.— Pkbs.. Mrs. M. D. Higbee, Mrs. Eunice McCuller ; Vice Pres., Mrs. A1)i,<:ail 
Ilolcorab. Mrs. Eunice Benton, Mrs. Nancy E. Case ; Sec, Mrs. M. D. Higbee, Mrs. Kachael 
Love ; Tre.\s., Mrs. Eliza Love, Mrs. Chloe Abell. 

SOUTH MECCA.— Pre?., .Mrs. Millen Powers: Sec. Mrs. Clarissa Crafl : Tkea^.. Miss 
.\nna Rose. 

MECHANICSVILLE, Amitauul.v Co. 
Pi'.Ks., .Antoinette W'aldiug : SEC.Xaomi Webb: Tue.vs.. Eliza ^\'arren. 



MEDINA, Mi:dina Co. 

Pkes.. Mrs. n. G. Blake: Vice Pres., Mrs. N. H. Bostvvick, Mrs. S. J. Hayslip, Mrs. 
D. \. Gro^venor: Sac. an'd Tre.vs., Miss Fannie E. Ticknor, Mrs. S Humphreville, Miss 
.Mariette Butler. Mrs. S. G. Barnard, Mrs. A. L. Peak: Directors, Mrs. Paul Schuh, Mrs. 
Hiram Ferris, :>Irs. Timothy Clark, Mrs. S. B. Woodward, :\rrs. A. W. McClure, Mrs. 
Whipple, Mrs. C. T. Hill. 

Tlie stores disbursed to soldiers and llieir families are estimated at ^CS.OIO.SS. Besides 
this, mucli was collected for direct distribution to rei^inients, and for relief of the P'reed- 
men. Tlie citizens of Medina loyally supported the cause of the soldier during- the whole 
period of the war. 



.MELMOKE. Sesk'j.k Co. 

Pues.. Mrs. Dr. II. Ladd, >[rs. S. A. Ivis|)augh, Mrs. James Gibson, Mrs. Calvin Kogers. 
Mrs. Richard Baker; Sec, 3Irs. A. R. Webb, Mrs. John Delamater, Mrs. Emma Brayman, 
Miss Lucy Arnold; Tre.\s., Mrs. Daniel Ptichards, Mrs A. IJ. Webb, Mrs. Richard Baker. 

Aggrej^ito of money and stores disbursed. .*2,800. 



MEN TO II, Lake Co. 

P:ii;s., Mrs. Marthew S. Clapp : Vice P;iES., Mrs. Abner M. I'arnialee : Sec, Mrs. Tru- 
man P. Barber, Miss Carrie Clapp : Treas., :\iiss :Nraria Corning, :Miss Christia Radclifle, 
Mrs. Jacob Blisli. 

Money and stores disbursed. *;-i,:!1.5. IT. exclusive of supplies sent directly to regiments 
in the field. 

MESOPOTAMIA, Tuum!;i;:,l Co. 

AoKNT. T'Jrs. Chai-loltc a. SJieldon. 

MIDPLE )5HANCn, Staj'.k Co. 
PiiKs.. Mr-i. John I'.rrei- : Se( .. ^li^s Xrllie Warner: Treas., >lrs. Jacob Byrer. 



4S<S APPENDIX r. 

MIDDLEBURY, Summit Co. 

MIDDLEBUIIY SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY.— Pres.. Mrs. Wm. Dompsc.v. Mrs. T. II. 
Botsford; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. Robinson; Sec, Mrs. D. E.Hill, Mrs. E. T. Chapman; 
Treas., Mrs. A. Kent. 

Disbnrsed, cash, $l,flOS.05; 54 packages of stores, not estimated, besides supplies direct 
to the field and to soldiers' families. 

MIDDLEBURY RELIEF ASSOCIATION.— Pees., Mrs. James Irviii, Mrs Jolm Jobu- 
ston; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. Frank Adams, Miss Julia Coe, Mrs. John Johnston. 

Cash expended, $103 Stores, provisions to Sanitary Fair and contributions direct to 
hospitals not estimated. 

MIDDLEFIELl), GEwaA Co. 

MIDDLEFIELD.— Pkes.. Mrs. Jennie Thompson; Sec. and Trkas., Miss Alice M. 
Tracy. 

NORTH-EAST MIDDLEFIELD.— Prks., Mrs. Caroline Ames :1Sec. and Treas., Mrs. 
Ruth Church. Mrs. L. S. Buell. 

MILAN, Ekik Co. 

Pres., Mrs. K. Townscnd, Mrs. J. C. Locx\voo,l : Sec, Mrs. C. B. Clioate, Miss Marie 
F. Mowry; Treas,, Mrs. E. Bates. 

MILLEKSBURGII, Hoi,mks Co. 

Pres , Mrs. Louisa Irvine, Mrs. H. F. Battin, Mrs. John E. Koch; Vice Pres., Miss 
Ans^nsta Chipman ; Sec, Mrs. H. F. Battin. MissM. J. Mower: Treas.. Mrs. A. Ingles, 
Mrs. Wm. W. Gibson. 

MINERAL RIDGE, Trumiufj, Co. 
Agent, Miss Lucy A. Pre\-ost. 

MIXEKVA, Stai!k Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Weygandt, Mrs. Mary Sweringen ; Skc, "Miss Emma Speaker, ^tiss Annio 
Perdue; Treas,, Mrs. E. Dibbk'. 

MOGADORE, Sim.mit Co. 

Pres., Mrs. A. M. Hale, Mrs. Arvilhi Xorris; Skc. Miss F,. Lau lensliig<'r. Mrs. Win. !I. 
Alexander; Trkas.. Miss Louise McCiirmick. 

MONROE CENTER, At^uTAiui.A Co. 

MONROE CENTRE.— Pres., Mrs. F. A. Burire : Skc , Mrs. Linda V. Green; Trkas., 
Mrs. Sarah E, Kinney. 

MONROE CENTER, OIFFORD'S CORNERS.— Pres.. INIrs. Mary J. (Jillord : Sec. Miss 
Huldah Hicks; Treas., Mrs. Mary Farnham ; Committee. :Miss Cornelia M tailord. Miss 
Maria Babbett, Miss Emetine Adams. 

Value of disbursements, $425.85. 



APPENDIX F. 48i) 

MONROEVILLE, Huron Co. 
Agent, Mrs. J. W. Paramore. 

MONTROSE, Summit Co. 
Agent, Ml■^i. Julia E. Wagar. 

MONTVILLE, GkaucwV Co. 

MONTVILLE.— Phes., Mrs. A. Phelps, Mrs. Z. R. Sht.'Ulon ; Sec, Mist< Caroline Shel- 
don, Miss S. S. Gould; Treas., Mrs. E. Dayton. 

WEST MONTVILLE.— Pkes., Miss Adelia J. Gites, Miss Lizzie Spellman ; Vice Pees., 
Miss Anuie J. Gates, Mrs. Leah Gish; Sec. and Tkeas., Miss Eehecca U. Kcnuedy: 
Directors, Mrs. Delavan Gates, Mrs. Lois Eddy, Mrs. Ursula Kennedy, Mrs. Sarah 
McDonald. 

MOUNT HOPE, Holmes Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Su.-au M. Rnssell; Vice Pres., Mrs. Catherine Pouiercne, Mrs. Elizabeth 
Inks; Sec. and Treas., ;Miss Kate Kindlesperger. 

:\[OrNT MORRIS, Livingston Co., N. Y. 

Pres., Mrs. L. C. Sleeper; Vice Pres., Mrs. James B. Paeon : Sec, Mrs. IL E. Brown : 
Tkeas., Miss Elizabeth Kellogg. 
Estimate of disbursements, $1,500. 

MOUNT UINION, Stakk Co. 
Pkks., .Mrs. II. O. Clark : Sec, Mrs. M. B. Park; Tkeas., Miss Rachel Pettish. 

MOUNT VICTORY, Hakdin Co. 

Pres., Mrs. E. P. Howe; Vice Pres.. Mrs. M. S. Elder; Sec. Miss Emma L. Mcars : 
Tueas., Mrs. Sarah Smith. 
Shipped 25 boxes valued at $5T."). 

MUNSON, Geauga Co. 

MUNSOX.— PuEs., Miss Jane Ashcraft : Sec, Miss Ann Miller; Trkas., Miss P. 
Leppcr. 

E.\8T MUNSOX.— Pres., Mrs. Abram Woodward, Mrs. Benj. S. Warner, Mrs. Amanda 
Gates: Sec, Mrs. S. A. Spencer, Mrs. Jane V. Bartlrtt. Miss Anna 5[. Gates; Treas.. 
Mrs. O. R. Canfleld, Mrs. Abram Woodward. 

Cash expended. ^200. Supplies not eslimafed. 

NASHVILLE, Holmes Co. 

P)!ES., Mrs. A. Laylauder; Sec, Miss Hester Edwards ; Treas., Mrs. Esther Harris. 
Cash expended. ,'R300. Estimate of stores, ,*500. 



490 APPENDIX F. 

NELSON, Portage Co. 

Pres., Mr:'. Beiij. Fenn ; Vice Pres., Mis. Tait ; Sec, Miss Celcstia Gates ; Treas., Miss 
Polly Hannahs. 

NEW ALEX.\NDRIA, Jeffekso.n Co. 

Pres., Miss Sue Hanlon ; Vice Pres., Miss Belle Hall ; Sec, Miss Mary E. Hall ; Tkeas.. 
Miss Lizzie McGrevv. 

NEW BALTIMORE, Stakk Co. 

Pre-!., Mrs. O. A. Taylor, Mrs. Eliza Nash; Sec, Mrs. Alvira Bissell; Treas.. Miss 
Sophronia Smalley, Joseph Lee. 
Cash expended, $215.2S. 

NEW BERLIN, Stark Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Rathel Holl; Vice Pres., Mrs. Sallie Lind; Sec, Mrs. Elizabeth Bitzcr : 
Tkeas., Mrs. Elizabeth Schick, Mrs. Nancy Evcrhart. 
Cash disbursed, $2-W.'25. Value of shipments, $449.32. 

NEWBERRY, Geauga Co. 

NEWBERRY.— Pres., Mrs. R. K. Munn ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Ann Pundersoii ; Sec akd 
Treas., Mrs. R. Riddle, Mrs. J. Russell. 
Value of shipments, $1,000. 

NORTH NEWBERRY.— Pres., Mrs. Elvira Lovcland : Sec, Mrs. Elizabeth B. Stone: 

Treas., Mrs. Julia Smith, Mrs. S. Burnett. 
I 

NORTH-WEST NEWBERRY".— Pres., Mrs. Angeline Williams, Miss Mary A. Covell ; 

Vice Pres., Mrs. Harriet Black ; Sec, Mrs. Caroline Bittles, Miss Achsah Covell; Treas., 

Mrs. Sarah Williams, Miss Mary Sanborn. 

NEWBURGH, Cuyahoga Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Eben Miles, Mrs. F. W. Woodbridge ; Sec , Mrs. F. W. Woodbridge : 
Treas., Mrs. Porter Jewett, Mrs. E. T. Burke. 



NEW CASTLE, Lawrence Co., Pa. 
Pres., Mrs. A. Ross ; Sec and Treas., Mrs. R, W. Clcudeiiin. 

NEW HAVEN, Huron Co. 

Pres., Mrs. J. A. Young ; Vice Pres., Mrs. H. Richards ; Sec, Mrs. M. Ganung ; Treas. 
Mrs. M. Stuart. 
Value of stores, .fiLoO. 

NEW LISBON, CoLUMr,iANA Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. T. Starr, Mrs. S. Todd, Mrs. Thomas Hanna ; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. H. Shields : 
Sec, Mrs. H. B. Dibble, Miss Jessie W. Cornwell, Miss Louisa Briggs, Mrs, S. W. Orr 
Treas., Mrs. O. M. Todd. 



APPENDIX F. 401 

NEW LONDON, Huron Co. 

Phes., Mrs. S. R. Johnf^on, Mi-s. R. ,T. Robinson : Sep., Mi-s. L. B. Porter. ^Nfr.. P. R.,h,.rt • 
son ; Treas., Mrs. Fnrloiiff. 

NEW LYME, Ashtabula Co. 

Pres., Mrs. F. P. Rathbone, Mrs. J. Miller, Mrs. C. Brockwny ; Sec. Mrs. A. Pc.-k. Mrs. 
F. P. Rathbone; Treas., Mrs. C. Brookway, Mrs. A. M. Gee. 
Value of shipments, !j;l,33T.4."). 

NEW PHILADELPIHA, Tuscaraavas Co. 

Pres., Mrs. C. Gross, Mrs. O. P. Taylor; Vke Pres., Mrs. J. IJanee: Sec, Miss \nnie 
Coventry; Treas., Mrs. Beafty. 

Cash expended, $T04.03. Slnpmonts to Cleveland and Columbus A<roncies and direct 
to the front not reported. 

NEWTON FALLS, Trumbull Co. 

Pres., Mrs. H. K. Bronson, Mrs. Silas Culender, Mrs. James Reed ; Vice Pres Mr« 
Eunice Austin, Mrs. Lyman Soule, Mrs. A. L. Fowler; Sec, Mrs. Euniee Austin Mr* A 
L. Fowler ; Treas., Mrs. A. L. Fowler, Mrs. H. K. Bronson. 

Valne of shipments. .$1,489.75. Contributed to the Sanitary Fair, in stores and 
money, $200. 

NILES, Trumbull Co. 

Pres., Mrs. James Ward ; Sec, Miss Phila Kingsley, Jos. G. Butler, Jr. • Treas Mrs 
A. M. Blackford. 
Cash e.xpended, $4.50.93. Stores not valued. Sent to Sanitary Fair, $m. 

NORTHAMPTON, Summit Co. 

NORTHAMPTON CENTER.-Pres., Mrs. E. M. Reynolds; Sec, Miss A. M. Lowrev. 
Miss Julia Jones, Miss Mary Reynolds ; Treas., Mrs. II. N. Lowrev, Mrs. R. Jones. 
Estimate of shipments, $003.2.5. 

NORTHAMPTON, DISTRICTS 7 AND 8.-Pres. Mrs. J. R. Brown ; Sep anb Treas 
Mrs. William Hardy. 
Estimate of shipments, $3T. Cash to Sanit:u-y Fair, $10. 

NORTH BENTON, Mahoning Co. 

Pre.s., Miss Polly A. Stratton; Sec, Miss Lucy E. Hartzell; Treas., Miss Isabella Sproat. 

NORTH EAST, Erie Co , Pa. 

Pres., Mrs. Stephen Griffith, Mrs. R. M. Crawford; Sec, Miss Sarah Skinner. Miss 
Emma E. Blaine, Miss Mary T. Town ; Treas., Miss Mary E Seouller. 

NORTH EATON, Lorain Co. 

Pres., Mrs. M. K. Merrick. Mrs. Fidelia Chapman ; Sec and Treas Mi<* S E Kin°- 
Miss S. L. Cooley. • • =' 



492 APPENDIX F. 

XOirril FAIUFIELD, lliiuox Co. 

I'riES., >ri's. E. B. Maybin ; Vick I'iies., Afrs. R. L. Wnlroiis, Mr*. J. niivn'' ; Sec, Mi-j*. 
J. L. Dickinson ; Tkkas., ]\Irs. Julia II. Edwnrils. 

('Msli disluirscd. .*(M'i.;5() Supplies not cstimati'd. 



XOIlTilFIELD, SuMMFT Co. 

I'ui:s., Mr.*. .T. W. Loi^uc ; Vice Puss.. Mrs. Daniel I'l'octoi': Sec, Miss Libbie Alexan- 
der, Miss Ellen Bliss ; Tueas., Mrs. Geo. Seidel. 
Cnsli expended, $310.33. Contribntcd to Sanitary Fair, .$1 i;i.3T. K-lim.ile oi" supplies 

sent to re^-inients, iftiro. Total, $(11S.(i!). 



NORTH JAL'KSOX, UxnosiSG Co. 
I'UKS.. Mrs. Ar.iry .1. Kiddle: Skc. Miss Maggie Johnston : Tkeas.. Miss M. S. Gault. 

NORTH LAWREXCE, St.vuk Co. 

Pr!:s., Mr". K. Fulton : Skp., Miss Xannie MeCuo, Miss Beccie Sliull ; Tueas.. Mrs. C. 
Sehafler. 

NORTH RIDi;EVH.LE, Lok.vin Co. 

NORTH UlDlUiiVILLK.— PuES., Mrs. Mark Humphrey: Vice Pres.. Mrs. John Cahoon ; 
Sec, Miss Harriet Bryner; Tkeas,, Mrs. Sydney Butler. 

Estimate of supplies shipped through the Sanitary Commission. .'j;l.355. Sent direct to 
regiments, §300. To the Sanitary Fair, $114.5t). Total, $1,700.50. 

XOTJTII RIDGEVILLE, JUVENILE. -Pues.. Miss Emma Terrell : Sec. .Miss Theresa 
Terrell : Treas,, Miss Nellie Beehee. 

l-'stiu\a!e ol'eonlrilmtinns, $50. 

NORTH RIDGKVILLE, WEST CREEK.— Pues.. jyUss Mary Byington: Vice Pues.. 
Miss Carrie Hostlauder: Skc. Miss Alary Howk; Tkeas.. Miss Mary Race. 

NORTH ROVAT.TON, Cuy.uiooa Co. 

NORTH UOYALTON.— PRES.,Mrs. M. J. Carter; Vice Pues., Mrs. James Tousley : 
Skc, Mrs. S. W. Chandler; Tkeas., Mrs. Wm. Tousley. 

NORTH ROYALTON, No. 3.— Pres., Mrs. Oliver Taylor; Sec ano Tubas.. Mrs. John 
Kingzctt. 

NORTH ROYALTON AND HINCKLEY. -Pues., Mrs. \V. Wilber; Sec. Mrs. P. A. 
Taylor; Treas., Mrs. E. Webber. 

NORTH SPRINGFIELD, Summit Co. 

Pkes., Mrs. L. Atcheson ; Sec, Mrs. J. Ewart, Mrs. E. II. Boyd ; Tkeas., Mrs. M. Fisher, 
Mrs. M. White 

NORTON, Summit Co. 

Pkks., Mrs. Louisa Marshall; Vice Pues.. Mrs. Rebecca Vanderhoot': Sec. Mrs. F. 
Weary; Tkeas.. Mrs. Sarah Miller. 



APPENDIX F. 493 

XORWALK. llruoN Co. 

XORWALK, DISTRICT No. (;.-T'ni;s., Mis-; liosc Slicr;u.iii : Sr:c.. Miss Jennie .ToncM : 
TiiEAs., Wia-a Lucy Slicrniun. 
Casli expinidwl, $30. Value of lioi-pilal store.; Ibrwanled, $100. 

XORWALK SOLDIKltS" All) SOCIETY.— (Kki'oiitiod hy Mhs. S. T. Wonf'KSTKTt.)--Vei-y 
e.'U'Iy in tho year 1801 the citizens of Norwalk beiifau to work for tlic soldiers. A ])art of 
tlie 8tli Regiment had been collected, (luartercd and drilled lliore. On tlic Sabbath before 
they left, relif^ious services weroheld in ttunr camp, and the occasion, so new ami allVel 
ins. called fm'th the most profound sensations of sorrow and api)rehension. Some days 
previously tho ladies had been entfased in supplying those soldiers with such necessaries 
and luxuries as tho deeixjst interest could suggosl. Immediately after llieir departui'e, a 
society, of both sex(!S, was formed, tho object of which was to follow those who went from 
the vicinity with aid and comfort, in any form, and by any means that could reach thcni. 
thussccurinir, as was hoped, an unbroken intercourse with them. A quarterly Bubscripl ion 
ainnnu: the gentlemen was oslablished. the first instalment of which is dated IMay ISIh, 
1«(il. The ofiictsrs elected were Charles B, Sti(dvney, President ; J. C. Curtis, Secretary: 
David U. Pease, '^"reasurer; Mrs. G. O. Baker, Mrs. .T. \V. Baker, Mrs. O. Jenney, Mrs. C. 
E. Ponnewell and Mrs. S. T. Worcester, Hoard of Directors — the latter Secretary of the 
Hoard. From that time to Novembei', tsi)'.!, somelliing was contimially being done, but 
the dilliculties in the way of reaching the i-ei^imenis, al'ler tliey went into a<'tiial servicer, 
and tlie consecpienl irregularity of tlie (|uarterly payments, seriously obstructed i)ro;;ress. 
In the meantime a Society had Ixu'u organized in Clev(dand, through wliich, as a medium, 
it was l)elie\-('(l tlie regiments coul<l 1)0 readied. Application was personally made to that 
Society by the Secridary of the Hoard, in Norwalk, for assistance in sending a box of 
liospital stores to tlie stii Re'iiment. tiien in West Virginia, tlx' Surgeon of that regiment 
having, by letter, ap[)lied fur innnediate aid. Tlie I'efiuest was <'lieerl'ully granleil, the box 
soul, received in time, and earnest thanks therefor returned. This occurrence awakeiK-d 
new life, and ovenlually led to tlu^ formation, in August. ISfi'J, of tlu^ .\lerl Club, to colled 
funds, and in Novemliei' of tlii' same year, to the transfer of all the olliees to the ladies. 
At the time of t.'.ie transh.'r Mrs. .J. M. Karr was elected I'l'esident ; Mi's. D. 11. Pease. 
Secretary : and Mrs. S. T. Worcester, Treasurer. Tho work then wont on pros|)(;rously, 
I'liiids were .'nnijle, I he eoiil ribiitions sent Ibrward largo and valuable, and mostly trans- 
mitted through the organization In Clevidand. November -Jlth, lNli;i, Mrs. S. T. \\'oreestcr 
v.as elected I'rosident ; Mrs. \\'. O. Parker and Mi-s. C. K. Peiinowcdl, A'ice Presidents ; 
Mrs. M. A. Corwin, Secretary; and Mrs. N. S. .Moulton, Tn-asui-er. Piol'oro tho close of 
the year Mrs. C. (iailup took (he placoof Mrs. Worcester, and Mrs. F. Sawyer that (if Mrs. 
Moulton. those ladies having resigned. At the next annual meeting, Novemlior 10th, iHfJl, 
Mrs. J. F. Dewey was (docted President ; and Mrs. E. E. llusted. Vice President. There 
were no oIIkm- changes. Total funds reccdved, iii;;5,ir)r).!ll. Total disbursed, $:i,;!S.";.OI. 
The remaining $70 wore given to the Young Men's Lil)rary, to assist in its establish, 
niont. No account of llio stores sent forward lielbre tho transfer has been preserved, 
though they are known to have biHui creditable. Since that date, 22r> boxes, barrels or 
kegs have been forwarded, with various and sometimes (|uite large sums in cash, to bo 
disposed of by known and trusty agents. They were sent to the Sanitary flommission. 
Christian Commission, Uoliof Association in Washington, to Annapolis, Richmond, Get- 
tysburg. Mart insburg, Winchester, llari)er"s Ferry, Alexandria, Hilton Head, to Gov. 
Hrough, f(n- llie use of State Agents, and to the 8th, .Wth, 101st and I'JiW Regiments, and 
occasionally to others. Many letters from many soldiers in diflerent localities attest the 
(idcdlty of llios(! to whom they were entrusted, and tlie donors rest satisfied with the 
1 ( sidt of their labors. 
The Soeietv ilisbaudod June 1st, ISC"). 



494 APPEXRIX K. 

NOEWALK UNION.— Pres., Mrs. H. M. Wooster; Tick Pres., Mr-:. Eli Peters, ISIlss 
M. A. Watson ; Sec, Mrs. J. M. Farr; Tre.\s., Mrs. D. W. Newton. 

The members of this Soeiety liiul been active workers in tlie Soldiers' Aid Society of 
Norwalk until November 27th, 1SC.3, and the results of their industry prior to that date 
are included in the l\)rej.-oin2.- report. On formlnii-a separate organization they continued 
their labors for the soldiei-s with remarkable vigor and success, and with unilorni loyalty 
to the Sanitary Commission. 

In the year and a half of their independent organization, they disbursed in cash, $1.8li0.4l 
and forwarded two hundred packages of hospital stores, valued at .$1,000. making a total 
contribution of $2,833.44. The Hospital G.ir.len at Chattanooga was an object of much 
interest to the ladies of this society, who frequently remembered it in their gifts, and in 
the spring of l.StU forwarded onion sets and garden seeds in great variety for its early 
cultivation. The preparation of -'chopped pickle" was a specialty of the Norwalk 
ITnion, over one tho!i>=and gallons having been forwarded to the army in the course of one 
summer. 

At the close of the war the surplus funds of this society were distributed as follows : 
iflOO to the Columbus Soldiers" Home ; $100 to the Union Commission, N. Y.; $.-)0 to the 
Cleveland Soldiers" Home, and the remainder, $S0, to the Norwalk Young Men"s Library 
Association. 

NORWALK YOUNG LADIES' ALERT CLUB.— (Reported bt Mrs. S. T. Worces- 
ter.)— The Alert Club commenced its labors in August, 1862, but was not fully organized 
until September 13th of that year, when the following officers were elected: Mrs. S. T. 
Worcester, President; Miss Lizzie Gallup, Secretary: Misses Mary Graves and Lucy 
Preston, Treasurers ; Mrs. T. W. Christian, Misses S. Rowland and C. Jenney, Direct- 
resses, with an indefinite number of Collectors. The Soldiers' Aid Society had been in 
operation over a j'ear, but was languishing for want of funds, the quarterly subscription, 
on which it depended, being irregularly paid. In this emergency thirty-seven young 
ladies, whose numbers soon increased to sixty, agreed to unite for one year, specially to 
raise funds for that society, but also to be on the alert, (hence their name,) to contribute 
in every possible way to the comfort of the need}' soldier. They immediately revived the 
gentlemen"s quarterly subscription and collected it, and without delay established a 
ladies' monthly, and, in October following, agentlemen's monthly subscription. These 
three subscriptions they fiiithfuUy and promptly collected the entire year, and paid over 
the proceeds, $824.7.5, to the Aid Society. They held regular meetings, prepared large 
quantities of lint and bandages, made ISO pairs of slippers, over 600 handkerchiefs, 9(1 
towels, 2 quilts, and cut and dried :51 bushels of apples, all of which were passed to the 
Aid Society, besides sending many kind remembrances, in various forms, to the regi- 
ments with which they were acquainted. They also collected a special subscription to 
pay the debt on the home of Bessie Lynch, her husband being the first Norwalk soldier 
killed in battle, and herself and three young children left destitute. This, with some 
small debts which the creditors, at their request, remitted, amounted to $60.06. 

At the expiration of the year they voted to associate for another year. Miss C. Jenney 
resigned. Miss S. C. Mason was elected Recorder, a new office which the nature of the 
service soon to be entered upon, required. They now agreed to leave the subscription 
lists to the Aid Society, to raise their own funds by Festivals, Tableaux, Dram.atic Enter- 
tainments, &c., and to devote them to clothing the children of absent soldiers, and of 
poor widows, furnishing them with all the necessaries required by well conditioned 
scholars, looking after them, keeping them in school, &e. In this service they were 
greatly assisted by Mr. Stephenson, Superintendent of the Public Schools, and by a 
number of judicious married ladies. They had, from the 1st of September, 1863, to the 
1st of November, 1864, forty-nine dift'erent families as beneficiaries, furnishing to eacii 
new material according to their need, in value from $2.52, the lowest sum, to $61.19, the 
highest. Total amount raised during that time. $l.}i40.S2. Total expended, $1,496.99. 



appp:ndix v. 495 

They al^^o s^eiit Ibrwiird various! contributions, as sympatliy prompti'd, to thf soldiers. 
In November, 18(i4, tliey reorganized as a regular Soldiers' Aid Society, specially voting 
to retain their own distinctive name. Officers: Mrs. S. T. Worcester, President; Mrs. 
T. W. Christian and Miss S. Rowland Vice Presidents; Miss Lizzie Gallup, Recording 
Secretary; Miss Mary Wickham, Corresponding Secretary, and Mrs. W. M. Cline. Treas- 
urer. They began this year with $343.83, the overplus of last year. They continued to 
acquire as well as expend, so that at their last regular meeting, in May, 1805, they had 
forwarded, in all, 3~ boxes, barrels or kegs of hospital stores. $330 in cash, and had, in 
possession or expectancy, ^M). To this sum they added tlie net gain of a subsequent 
series of Tableaux, and eventually presented to the Young Men's Library, then being 
established, the sum of $1)00. With the remainder they j)urrhased, framed arid suitably 
lettered the two engravings entitled, ''The First Reading of the Emancipation Procla- 
mation." and "Washington Irving and His Friends," and presented them to the Gram- 
mar School, from which many of their Tableau performers had been taken. Total funds 
nisei ani expended, .f 3,1)32.93. The Club steadily refuses to disband, but contemplates 
holding re unions annually, the officers remaining the same. The first re union took 
place on the 33th of July. IS'iT; the second on the 231 of June, ISM. 

OAK GKOVE, IIoi.MES Co. 

PiiEs.. Mrs. Elizabeth Allen: Sec. Miss Nannie J. Martin; Tkeas., Miss Liza J. 
Armstrong. 

OAK RIDGE, CoLUMiUAN.v Co. 

Pres . Rev. J. .Arthur ; Sec, Jliss Nancy Smith; Tueas., Miss Lizzie Noble. 

OBEHLIN, Lorain Co. 

PiiEs.. Mrs. M. C. Allen, Mrs. C A. Bostwick, Mrs. J. M. Fitch; VifE PiiES., Mrs. A. 
Rutler. Mrs. J. M. Fitch, Mrs. Allen ; Sec. Mrs. R. B. Pearse. Mrs. M. E. Ellis ; Treas.. 
Mrs. R. B. Pearse, Mrs. C. C. Hudson ; Directors, Mrs. Haynes, Mrs. Allen, Mrs. 
Wright, Mrs. Avery, Mrs. Clark, Miss S. Hall ; Committee. Mrs. Terrell. Mrs. Clark, Miss 
S. Hall, Mrs. Royce. 

The Oberlin Branch, organized at the oiiening of the war, for the ourlit of Co. C, 7th 
O. V. I., continued active and efficient until its good offices were lu) longer needed, 
sparing no effort to send comfort to tlu^ soldier on the tield or the sick in hospital. No 
estimate has been reported of its cash disbursements, or of the value of one hundred and 
fifty packages of choice stores shijiped through the Sanitai-y Commission. The sales 
from the Oberlin Society's contribution to the Lorain County Booth at the Sanitary Fair 
netted $700. 

OIL DKiOINCS, Tkumislll Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. A. Cobb. Mrs. R. Ilervey ; Sec. Miss L. A. Barker. Mrs. Corresla T. 
Kiiapp; Treas.. Mrs. C. A. Allen. 

()M':XA, IIlTKON Co 

Pres.. Mrs. K. Magee. .Mrs. S. Biirrass ; Vicb; Pres.. Mrs. L. .Mauahau. .Mr-. J. Buffing- 
Ion; Sec. Mrs. W. H. Sykes, Miss Retta Magee ; Treas.. Mrs. B. W. (Jreen. Mrs. Wm. 
Levv. 



490 APPENDIX F. 

OLIVESBURGH. 
Pres., Miss !Xettie Miller ; Sec, Miss Amelia Ozier ; Tkes.. Miss Millie Burgett. 

OLMSTED FALLS, Cuyahoga Co. 

OLMSTED FALLS.— Pres.. Mrs. W. S. Carpenter ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Elisha Pitch ; Sec. 
Miss Hattie Drydeu ; Treas., Mrs. D. H.Perry, Mrs. O. W. Kendall; Directors, Mrs. 
W. B. Wormly, Mrs. John Wright, Mrs. J. Williams, Miss Margaret Fitch. 

WEST OLMSTED.— Pres., Mrs. Phebe Adams, Mrs. Horace Tyler; Sec and Tueas.. 
Miss Lucia Briggs. 

ONEIDA MILLS, C.vrkoll Co. 

Pres.. Miss Carrie L. Hull; Sec. Miss M. C. Pettorf. 

ORANGE, Asiii.AXD Co. 

OKANGE.— Pres., Mrs. S. A. Donley; Sec, Mrs. M. A. White. 

NORTH ORANGE. -Pres,, Mrs. Rachel Phillips; Sec. Mrs. Rachel Nunemaker ; 
Treas.. Mrs. Amelia P. Feree. 

ORANGE, CiYAUOGA Co. 

I'RES., Mrs. J. H. Abell ; ^■ICE Pres.. Mrs. H. Henry; Sec. Mrs. IL B. Boynton. Mrs. E. 
Lauder; Treas., Mrs. J. Whitlam, Mrs. R. Barber ; Committee, Mrs. Alvin Abell. Mrs. J. 
Cole. Mrs. C. Eddy. Mrs. P. Beach, Mrs. A. Jerome, Miss S. Smith. 

ORANGEVILLE, Trumbull Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Charles Hull, Mrs. Sheldon Paluier; A'ice Pres.. Mrs. Edward Jones. Mrs. 
Jesse Halm ; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. Augustus Moftit. :Mrs. Henry Reed. 
Estimate of supplies, $1.,500. 

ORRVILLE. Wav.nk Co. 
Pres.. Mrs. II. Su.rrs: Sec. :Mrs. S.J. Meek, Mrs. A. Gasser; Tkeas.. Mr-. It. M. Storrs. 

ORWELL, AsiiTAiu J.A Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. Geo. A. Howard; Sec, Mrs. I'hebe |Morgan ; Trkas.. Mrs. Sophronia 
Blair; Directors, Mrs. Hiram Goddard, Sirs. ;Maria Wolcott. .Mrs. C. A. B. Pratt, Mrs. 
Isaac Tuckermaii, Mrs. Melinda Blachley. 

Estimate of contributions. §1.,")18.00. Cash expended. saVl.Vii. 

PAINESVILLE, ].aki: Co. 

I'ues., Mrs. Eliza M. Chesney ; Sec, Mifs Aiiiun M. Tracy. Mi>s Fli;'a 1!. Wiki x ; 
Treas., Miss Henrietta D. Sunford. 

The Paiuesville Branch, one of the moi-t valued tributaries of the Cleveland Sanitary 
Commission, has furnished no estimate of its large contributions. Its members were 



APPENDIX F. 497 

unwearied in their work throiii^li tlie wluile cuiu>e of tlie war, and in addition to tlieir 
usual suiiplies wore notably active iu prcparin;,' canned fruits and vegetables and black- 
berry cordial through the Summer months. They responded with great promptness to 
any special call for hospital stores, and constantly followed with their gifts those regi- 
ments that had enlisted from Lake county. 

PAINT VALLEY, Holmes Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Susan Buchanan ; Sec, Mrs. Julia A. Bigham; Treas., Miss M. J. Gorsueh. 
Sent to Sanitary Fair, $60. No estimate of hospital stores. Cash to difl'erent Associa- 
tions, $69. 

PARKMAN, Geauga Co. 

Phes., Mrs. A. C. Waters, Mrs. S. A. D. Harris, Mrs. David Bundy; Sec, Miss II. A. 
Converse. Miss Mary M. Williams, Mrs. S. A. D. Harris ; Treas., Miss M. L. Burt. 
Contributed to the Sanitary Fair, |G0. No estimate of hospital supplies. 



PARIS, Stahk Co. 
Pres., Mrs. H. C. Hudson ; Sec, Miss Libbie Philips ; Tkeas., Miss Celia Chapman. 

PARISVILLE, Portage Co. 

Pres., Mrs. C. Selby, Mrs. H. Shaw; Vice Pres., Mrs. Sallie Black; Sec. and Treas.. 
Mrs. E. C. Holeomb, Mrs. Anna S. Cutts ; Committee, Mrs. Sarah Williams, Miss Mary 
Chapman. 

Cash expended, $93.12. Supplies valued at .$128.05. 

PARMA, CaYAiiocjA Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Oliver Emerson, Mrs. L. B. Meacham, Mrs. John A. Ackley, Miss Mary G. 
Cogswell ; Vice Pees., Miss M. Emerson, Miss J. Hodginan ; Sec, Miss L. P. Emerson, 
Miss A. M. Hutchinson, Miss Lydia Tyler ; Treas., Miss H. L. Pebbes, Miss H. Hodgman. 

Cash expended, $82.(17. Sent to Sanitary Fair, $23. No estimate of hospital supplies. 

PENFIELD, LoKAixN Co. 

PENFIELD.— Pres., Mrs. II. S. Smith, Mrs. F. Eichmond; Vice Pres., Mrs. L. P. 
Starr ; Sec, Miss Mary E. Hayes, Mrs. T. Penfleld, Jr.; Treas., Mrs. A. Crane ; Directors, 
Mrs. Dalgleish. Mrs. A. Lindsley, Mrs. E. Sheldon. Mrs. McGraugh, Mrs. L. Houghton, 
Mrs. George Norton. 

PENFIELD AND WELLINGTON.-Pres., Mrs. Albina Allen ; Sec, Mrs. L. Finch: 
Treas., Miss Jane Long, Mrs. L. Kockwood. 

PENINSULA, Summit Co. 

PuKS.. Mrs. L. Watterman, Miss Sylvia L. Edgerley, Mrs. R. Cole; \ke Pres., Mrs. 11. 
Johnson; Sec, Mrs. F. C. Wetmore, Mrs. E. S. Haskell, IMrs. V\ illiam McNeil; Tkeas. 
Mrs. Frederick M'ood, Miss Lydia Johnson. 

Cash expended, $473 4.S. Hospital stores not estinuited. 
3G 



4U8 APPENDIX F. 

PENN LINE, Crawford Co., Pa. 

Pres., Mrs. Mary E. Dewey ; Vice Pres., Miss Myra Barber; Sec, Miss Leouore Piatt ; 
Treas., Miss AuiTUSta Barber. 

PEKKY, Lake Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Susan Harper, ^Mrs. Wm. A. Davis; Vice Pkes., Mrs. Ealpli Tyler; Sec, 
Miss Sarah F. Wynian, Mrs. W. A. Wheeler; Teeas., Mrs. Milton Shepard, Mrs. M. A. 
Wire. 

Cash expended, $752.S5. Sent to Sanitary Fair, $220. No estimate of hospital supplies 
furnished. 

PERU, HuRO^- Co. 

Pkes., Mrs. Charles Haskius, Mrs. A. Manley; Vice Pres., Mrs. Dr. Eaton ; Sec, Miss 
Libbie C. Sanders, Mrs. S. F. Deyo, Miss Ruth Atherton ; Treas., Mrs. B. Wyman. 
Cash expended, $1,131.85. Value of shipments. ,$988.1.5. 



PINE HILL, BATH AND COPLEY, Summit Co. 

Pkes., Mrs. Hartwell Parker; Sec, Miss Alfe Capron ; Treas., Mrs. Eliza Sweet, Mrs. 
J. Brown. 

Cash expended, $200. Vahie of supplies contributed, §l,-)0. 



PIERREPONT, Ashtabula Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Sally Norton, Mrs. S. Woodruff; Sec, Mrs. Martha Beckwith, Mrs. N. B. 
Hawkins; Treas , Mrs. Lydia Goodrich, Mrs. H. L. Leonard. 



PIONEER, WiLT.IAMS Co. 

Pres., Mrs. James Morris ; Vice Pre.*., Mrs. S. M. Boyd; Sec, Mrs. L. P. Gaudern ; 
Treas., Mrs. Lyman Shepard. 

PITTSFIELD, Lorain Co. 

I'REs., Mrs. Polly West, Mrs. C. C. Spooner, Mrs. D. Davies : Sec and Treas., :Mrs. O. 
J. Bradley ; Directors, Mrs. J. Blackwell, Mrs. A. Bacon, Mrs. J. Powell, ^Mrs. G. 
Sherburn, Mrs. J. Round, Mrs. A. Whitney, Mrs. J. Gifford. Mrs. S. A. Clark, Mrs. R. 
Worcester, Mrs. J. R. Ward. Mrs. J. Barnard, Mrs. P. Hall, Mrs. D. Lwcas, Mrs. J. Tuttle. 
Mrs. M. Kellogg, Miss J. Wilder, Mrs. J. Miles. 

Value of supplies contributed, $020. Sent to Sanitary Fair, $8!t.T8. 

PLYMOUTH, Ashtabula Co. 

Pres., Miss B. Burnett ; Sec. Miss N. A. Morgan; Treas., Mrs. L Hotlmau. 
Value of supplies, $300. Cash expended, $100. 

POLAND, Maiionixg Co. 

POLAND.— Pres., Mrs. Win. Logan; Vice Pres.. Mrs. A. S. McMasters; Sec. >Irs. E. 
Hawkins, Mrs. C. M. Hawn, Mrs. L. Mansfleld ; Treas., Mrs. Wm. Courtney. 

Value of stores shipped through the Sanitary Commission, $3,031.71 Supplies sent 
directly to the field estimated at $250. 



APPENDIX r, 499 

POLAND CENTER.— Pbes., Mm. N. Henderson, Mrs. Mary Slaven, Mrs. Kaclir! 
Anderson; Sec, Miss Mary E. Hcudersou, Mrs. R. A. Stewart, Mrs. Mary A. Smith; 
Treas., Mrs. R. A. Smitli, Mrs. Mary Slaven, Mrs. Annie Guthrie. 

Cash expended, $67. No estimate of supplies. 

POLAND, JUVENILE.— Pkes., Miss Lottie E. Trnesdale : Sec , Miss Mary K. Mans- 
field ; Treas., Miss Lizzie T. Woodruti'. 

POLK, Ashland Co. 

Pres., Miss Maria Kilgore, Mrs. W. S. Spencer; Sec, Mrs. Eliza Kuhn, Mrs. W. E. 
Byers ; Treas., Miss Mary McFadden, Mrs. W. S. Spencer. 
Value of shipments, .f 1,400. 

PORT CLINTON, Ottawa Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Wm. Johnson ; Sec, Mrs. Mary A. Dutcher; Treas., Mrs. James Kinn;ham ; 
Directors, Mrs. C. Pollock, Mrs. Emily Baldwin, Miss Mary Lewis. 

PUT-IN-BAY, Ottawa Co. 

Pees., Mrs. John Stone ; Sec and Treas., Mrs. F. C. Clark. 

RANDOLPH, POKTAGE Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Maria Dickinson, Mrs. Harriet D. Brainard; Vice Pres., Mrs. Wm. Sted- 
man; Sec, Miss Helen Stedman ; Treas., Mrs. Hattie Carlton, Mrs. Franklin Sanford ; 
Directors, Mrs. Orsamus Stanford, Mrs. Myron Collins, Mrs. Hiram Fenton, Mrs. Hiram 
Austin, Mrs. Joseph Brainard. 

Estimate of shipments, .$2,641.34. Coutribntions to Sanitary Fair valued at $148,28. 

RAVENNA, Portage Co. 

Pres., Mrs. M. B. Skinner, Mrs. D. D. Pickett, Mrs. James E. Wilson ; Vice Pres., Mrs. 
R. A. Gillette; Sec, Mrs. Helen B. Raouey ; Treas., Mrs. S. J. Parmelee. 

RAWSONVILLE, Loeain Co. 

Pees., Mrs. T. H. Hand ; Vice Pres., Mrs. C. W. Boughton ; Sec, Mrs. F. W. Preston, 
Mrs. J. T. Gardner ; Treas., Mrs. H. B. Kelsey. 

No estimate of shipments. Contriljuted to the Sanitary Fair, $8.3 in money and fancy 
articles. 

REEDTOWN, Seneca Co. 

Pres., Miss Sophia Silcos, Mrs. E. A. Owen; Sec, Mrs. R. R. Wilkinson, Jlrs. Mary 
R. Raymond, Mrs. J. D. Coleman; Treas., Miss Clara H. Bernard. 

REMSEN CORNERS, Medina Co. 

Pees., Mrs. Wm. P. Ingraham, Mrs. Julia Wiard ; Vic3 Pres., Mrs. S. J. Wiiitmau ; 
Sec, Mrs. S. H. Albertson ; Treas., Miss Olive Hatch, Mrs. Nancy FrcMu-h. 



oOU APPENDIX F. 

PtICHFIELD, Summit Co. 

Pkes.. Mrs. E. C. Faniham. Mrs. Mary F. 0\ iatt ; Vice Pees.. Mrs. P. A. Carr; Sep.. 
Mrs. Charlotte W. Oviatt. .Airs. E. A. Pi.xlcy: Tueas.. Miss Colia Payiio. Mrs. CeliaWood. 
Miss Emily Ilainmond. 

Estimato orsii])iilies (■(Hiti-ibuted, $3,000. 

RICHMOND, AsnTABUi.A Co 

RICHMOND CENTER.— Pres.. Mrs. M. Gaskill, Mrs. Elizabeth A. Ross : Sec. Mrs. E. 
Rider, Miss A. Morse; Treas., Mrs. E. B. Linn, Miss H. Morse. 

SOUTH RICHMOND.— Pres. and Treas., Mrs. Geo. Summers: Vke Pres,. Mrs. M. 
E. nimu'htoii : Sec, ]\Irs. Lueiuda Prosser, Miss A. Smitli. 

Estiiiintcd CDiilribulioiis. !};8.'ifi.."II. 

KIPLEY UNION, Holmes Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. K. .Mn.wv.ll : Sec. and Treas., Miss M. A. Hill. 

rJVEH STYX, Medina Co. 

Pres.. Miss Lizzie A. Ileaion; A'ice Pres., :\Iiss Antoinette Schlabaeh: Sec. Miss 
Caroline A. Dean; Treas., Miss Mettle Wilson. 

Estimate of contributions to the Cleveland Sanitary Rooms, .f. SCO. .50. Sent to Sanitary 
Fair sundries and cash amountiu!;- to .fin."). 84. 

KOL'HESTER, Lorain Co. 

ROCHESTER CENTER.— Pres., Mrs. F. C. Elliott. Mrs. N. C. Boiee: Sec Miss E. A. 
Ilixmiston, Mrs. 8. C. Boiee; Treas.. Mrs. S. E. Ogden. 
Estimate of stores forwarded. $1,000.34. Cash expended, .f 44(i.40. 

ROCHESTER DEPOT.— Pres.. Mrs. A. Wel.dier : Sec. Miss D. Vauzile; Treas.. Mrs. 
E. Knapp. 

ROCK CREEK, Ashtabula Co. 

Pres., Mrs. J. R. Stark; Sec, Mrs. A. M. Schafcr; Treas.. Mrs. L. Champion; Com- 
mittee, Mrs. D. Chapman. Mrs. E. Pinnoy. Mrs. Knowlton. Mrs. Wilcox, Mrs. Baldwin, 
Mrs. Dorsej'. 

Estimate of coutriliutions. $~-£i. 

ROCKPORT, Cuyahoga Co. 

EAST ROCKPORT.— Pres., Mrs. C. French, Mrs. Aurelia Munn ; Vice Pres., Mrs. 
John Johnson ; Sec, Miss McCrea, Miss Alice Colahan, Miss Melissa Munn ; Treas., 
Mrs. P. Hall. Mrs. Wagar. 

SOUTH ROCKPORT.— Pres., Miss Abby N. Mastick ; Sec and Treas., Miss Bessie 
E. Andrews. 

WEST ROCKPORT.— Pres., Mrs. Reuben Wood ; Vice Pres., Mrs. M. Sprague. Mrs. 
Sarah Barnum ; Sec, Miss Lucy Jordan, Mrs. Lucy Murray ; Treas., Mrs. J. H. Silverthorn. 
Cash expended, .$400.77. No estimate of supplies. 



APPENDIX F. 501 

ROME, AsnTAHiTLA Co. 

ROME.— Pres., Mrs. J. Tinan : Sec. and Treap., Miss M. J. Crosby, Mrs. M. J. 
Doiiu'lass. 
JIOME. DISTRICT No. 1.— Pres., Mrs. J. Hallklay ; Sec, Mis« B. Cvowcll. 

ROOTSTOWN, Portage Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Olive A. Mtniroc. Mrs. Jolin 0"Nt-nl ; Sec. and Treas.. Miss Loniso Reed, 
Mrs. Nelson R. Collins. 

RUUGLES, Ashland Co. 

PuEs., Mrs. S. Bowman, Mrs. Electa Weston, Mrs. J. G. Sturtevant ; Vice Pres., Mrs. 
S. L. Gaiilt; Sec. Mrs. S. L. Gault. Mrs. D. G. HufTman. Miss Mary A. Crist: Treas., 
Miss Mary Paine. 

RUSSELL, Ge.vuga Co. 

Pres., Mrs. J. H. Cooper, Mrs. David Rolrinson ; Sec. Mrs. A. C. Sonle, Miss Rose M. 
Robinson: Treas., MissNabby C. Burnett. 

SALEM, Columbiana Co. 

Sx\.LEM.— Pres., Mrs. E. M. Williams, Mrs. E. P. Ileaton, Mrs. L. Tolerton ; Sec, Miss 
Rose A. Prunty, Mrs. H. H. Bentley ; Treas., Mrs. M. T. Harris. 

SALEM JtrV'ENILE.— Pres., Miss Ella Webb; Sec, Miss Mary D. Sharp; Treas., 
Miss Alary Boyle. 

SAVANNAH, Ashland Co. 

Pres., Mrs. A. C. Scott; Vice Pres., Miss A. M. Stern, Mrs. Harriet Slonaker; Sec, 
Miss L. M. Wherry, Miss S. E. Gault, Mrs. H. Siouaker; Treas., Mrs. D. A. Hayes. 
Cash expended, $700. Thirty-three packages shipped, of wliieh no estimate was made. 

SAYBROOK, Ashtabula Co. 

S.WBROOK:— Pres., Mrs. L. Munson, Mrs. C. Webster; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. R. 
Harris ; Directors, Mrs. W. T. Simonds, Mrs. D. Webster, Mrs. A. Brockett, Mrs. J. 
Sutherland, Mrs. L. Anderson, Mrs. D. D. Turck, Mrs. H. Whipple. 

Estimate of shipments, $834.75. Cash expended, $11.5. 

SAYBROOK, JUVENILE.— Pres , Miss Belle E. Kelley ; Sec, Miss Hattie Walker; 
Treas., Miss Lottie Shernn.n. 

SCOTTSVILLE, Monroe Co., N. Y. 

SCOTTSVILLE.— Pres., Mrs. R. Miller; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. T. Shadbolt. 

WHEATLAND SOCIETY OF SC0TTS\T:LLE.— Pres., Miss M. E. Mann; Sec. and 
Treas., Miss Jane Mann. 
Estimate of contributions, .$402. 



502 - APPENDIX P'. 

SEVILLE, Medina Co. 

Pees., Rav. L. Whitney, A. R. Whiteside, Mrs. Wm. E. Lyon ; Vice Pres., Mrs. L. W. 
Strong ; Sec, L. W. Strong, E. P. Noyes, Win. Porter, Miss Mattie Noyes, Miss Eliza 
Boll, Miss Emma Tnruar, Mrs. E. P. Whitney, Mrs. J. K. Caugliey ; Treas., J. K. Caughoy. 

Cash expanded, ^liO.^I. Contributed to Sanitary Fair, ifltJ.Oj. Shipments not csti- 
m.itod. 

SJALERSVILLE, Portage Co. 
Pres.. Mrs. A. Ilarr; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. S. Kueeland, Miss M. J. PJiodes. 

SHANESVILLE, Tuscarawas Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Mary J. Raid ; Sec, Miss Angle M. Shultz ; Treas., Miss Jennie dimming. 

SHARON CENTER, Medina Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Phebe Phinney, Mrs. Palmer; Vice Pres., Mrs. Amerman, Mrs. Bissell, 
Mrs. Hayden, Mrs. Mills ; Sec and Treas., Mrs. M. A. Chatfleld, Mrs. Carr; Com.iiittee, 
Mrs. E. Curtis, Mrs. Foltz, Mrs. Browii, Mrs. Schonover. 

Cash expended, $360. Sent to Sanitary Fair, $75. No estimate of supplies. 

SHEFFIELD, Lorain Co. 

SHEFFIELD.— Pres., Miss M. L. Root; Sec, Mrs. E. P. Barrell ; Treas., Mrs. Mary 
C. Day, Miss Kate Randall. 

SHEFFIELD AND ELYRIA PLANK ROAD.— Pres., Miss S. A. Buck; Sec. and Treas , 
Miss Hannah E. Hecock, Miss C. L. Buck. 

SHEFFIELD LAKE.— Pres., Mrs. Theron Moore; Sec, Mrs. S. C. Woodruff; Treas., 
Miss Angeliue Irish. 

NORTH SHEFFIELD.— Pres., Mrs. E. Atwater; Vice Pres., Mrs. J.Hardy; Sec. and 
Treas., Mrs. C. E. Gage. 

SHENANDOAH, Richland Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Catharine Sanker ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Elizabeth Burgoyne; Sec, Mrs. Cath- 
erine Fickes ; Treas., Mrs. Elizabeth Valentine. 

SHENANGO, Crawford Co., Pa. 
Pres., Mrs. Kate Wilson; Sec, Mrs. J. C. French; Tre.\s., Miss Emily Fonner. 

SHERMAN, Huron Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Geo. Bloomer; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. J. E. Le Barre. 

SMITHFIELD STATION, Mahoning Co. 
Pres., Miss H. E. Coppock, Mrs. S. Hartley; Sec. Miss L. A. L. Thompson. 



APPENDIX F. 503 

SOLON, CUYAIIOGV Co. 

SOLON.— Pres., Mrs. Win. Richards, Mrs^. Jason Robbing; Vick Pres., Mr^;. O. B. 
Smith, Mrs. C. Gilbert; Sec, Mrs.E. T. Robbius, Miss Anna Webster; Treas., Mrs. M. 
J. Hiclvox, Mrs. E. C. Parmalce. 

Cash expended. $581.70. Stores not estimated. 

KORTH SOLON.— Pres., Mrs. S. H. Bishop; Sec., Mrs. J. Cannon; Tre.vs., Mrs. 
Francis Pilce. 

SOUTHINGTOX, Trumbull Co. 
Mrs. Sarah M. Gofl". 

SPARTA, Stark Co. 
Agent, William L. Griffin. 

SPENCER, Medina Co. 

SPENCER.— Pres., Mrs. Mary Willey; Vice Pres., Mrs. Warner, Mrs. Electa Luce; 
Sec, Miss M. L. Hodge, Mrs. C. M. Stedman ; Tkkas., Mrs. Ann Sweet, Mrs. E. A. 
Kilboru. 

Estimate of shipments, $1,500. 

SPENCER, DISTRICT No. 7.— Pres., Miss Alma Eldred; Sec, Miss Arvilla Frank; 
Treas.. Miss Anna Kitchen, Miss Martha Frank, Miss Augusta Mj-ers. 

SPRINGFIELD, Erie Co., Pa. 

SPRINGFIELD X ROADS. -Pres., Mrs. H. Dickenson; Sec. Mrs. Sarah J. Mcintosh, 
Mrs. M. J. Cowles, Mrs. L. A. Bond; Treas., Mrs. H. Johnson. 

UNION GARDEN AID SOCIETY, SPRINGFIELD.— Sec. Florence D. Miller; Agent, 
Kate R. Dotj-. 

WEST SPRINGFIELD.— Pres Mrs. Mary Fonts, Mrs. Esther Gould; Vice Pres., Mrs. 
Louisa Thomas; Sec, Miss Sarah M. Gould; Treas., Mrs. F. C. Powell, Miss Emily 
Thomas. 

STATE LINE, Trumbull Co. . 

Prk.s.. Mrs. William Clieney; Sec, Miss L. E. Thomas. 

STOW, Summit Co.^ 

Pres., Mrs. Josiah Wetmorn ; Vice Pres., ISIrs. Albert Stow, Mrs. Silas Wetmore; Sec 
A.VD Treas , Miss Velonia Lemoine. 
Cash expended, .$301.17. No estimate of supplies. 

STREETSBOaO, PoRXAr.E Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Elliott Osgood, Mrs. Horace Peck, Mrs. Eli Peck; Vice Pres., Mrs. Bar- 
tholomew; Sec, Miss Nancy Russell, Miss Amanda Judd; Treas.. Mrs. P.Brewster, 
Miss Julia A. Peck. 

Casli expended, $334.28. No estimate of suppliers forwarded. 



504 APPENDIX F. 

STROXaSVILLE, Cuyahogia Co. 

STRONGSVILLE.— PuES., Mr^. Hiirvoy Lyon, Mi-.-;. Gaivliier, Mi>. WooJ; Vice 1'kks., 
Mrs. Orphio Pope, Mrs. K. Pomeroy, Mrs. E. H. Reed; Sec, Mrs. A. C. B. Lyman, Mrs. 
A. H. PonK'roy, Miss Zelia A. Gardner, Mrs. C. F. Haynes ; Treas., Sirs. Gardner, Miss 
V. Pomeroy; Diuectous, Mrs. Gardner, Mrs. S.J.Whitney, Mrs. M. W. Haynes, Mrs. 
Merrick, Mrs. Wing, Mrs. Tapper, Miss Adams, Mrs. Hoyt, Mrs. lieed, Mrs. Wilkinson, 
Mrs. Welch, Mrs. Schley. 

STROXGSVILLE, DISTKICT No. 2.-Pres., Mrs. S. A. Ilnmiston; Sec, Mrs. Electa 
Ilumiston. 

STLLIVAN, AsuLAND Co. 

Pkes., Mrs. IL M. Thurston, Mrs. 0. Goodyear, Mrs. Barrett, Mrs. Dr Shaw, Mrs. Miria 
Johnson ; Vice Pres., Mrs. De Mass, Mrs. James Campbell ; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. 
Dr. Campbell, Miss A. J. Millis, Mrs. A. M. Parmely, Miss L. Tliouias, .^Irs. Celia Mann, 
Mrs. Ellen Gould. 

Estimate of contributions, $-.J,()50. 

SULPHUR SPRINGS, Cu.wvFOitD Co. 
Pres., Mrs. A. M. Fairehild : Sec, Mi^s Julia Musgrave : Treas.. Miss Charlotte Uix. 

SU.MMELl LIH.L, Ckawkdkl) Co, I' v. 

Pres., Miss Addie J. MeDowell; Sec. W. A. Walk-r; Tke.^s.. Miss Sarah MeL'lure. 
Miss Lottie L. Proctor. 

SUM.MITVILLE, Coi.umuiana Co. 
AuENT. ?tlrs. G. M. Stewart. 

'IWLLMADUE, SruMiT Co. 

TALLM.VDGE.— Pres.. Mrs. J. P. Sackett. Mrs. M. W. Ashuiu: S.-;c.. .Mrs. A. K. 
Snider; Treas., Mrs. C. C. Wright. 

WELSH ASSISTANT AID SOCIETY, TALLMADGE.-Pkks.. David Lewis ; Sec, W,n. 
T Owen ; Treas., Rees J. Thomas. 
Cash disbursed, $->oS.:i:). Supplies forwarded. $U).). 

TflO.MPSOX. Ck\\::\ Co. 

THOMPSON.— Pres., Mrs. L. C. Ma hews. Mis. J. B <io() Irieh : Sac. .Mis-; K. L. 
Mathews, Miss Eleanor Tillottson ; Tueas . Miss L. L Fowler. Mrs. H. E. Strong. 

SOUTH-WEST THOMPSON. -Solicitors. Mrs. C. M. Seett. Xiss eaiah Tillotlsoi'; 
Sec, Miss Lucy H. \\hii)ple. 

TOWN SEND, llLt;u.\ Co. 

TOWNSEND.— Pres.. Mrs. Phebe Miller; Sec, Mrs. Lucy Lowe. 

EAST TOWNSEND.-Pres., Mrs. Maria S. Humphrey; Vice I'res.. :Mrs. Abigail Fair- 
child; Sec, Mrs. Helen M. Stow ; Treas., Wm. Humphrey. 
Cash expended, $149.04. 



APPENDIX F. 505 

SOUTH TOWNSEND.-Pres., Mrs. C. C. Bowen, Mrs. L. Sherman ; Vice Pkes., Miss. 
Michie Harris ; Mrs. II. M. Farmau ; Tkeas., Miss Emma Boweii. 



TROY, Ashland Co. 

Pres , Mrs. C. Naylor, Mrs. Kacliel Richards, Mrs. Harriet Peck; Vice Pres.. Mrs. P. 
Bruce, Mrs. C. Bishop, Mrs. C. Knauss; Sec, Mrs. S. M. Parmenter, Mrs. M. W. Price; 
Teeas., Mrs. J. Malcolm, Mrs. M. Stall, Mrs. S. Weedman. 

Value of shipments, $850. 

TROY, Geauga Co. 

PuKs., Mrs. M. L. Welsh, Mrs. B. H. Heath; Vice Pres., Mrs. Mary Tinkham ; Sec. 
Mrs. S. C. W. Latham; Treas., Mrs. M. James. 
The first box received at the Cleveland Aid Rooms was sent hy this Society. 

TRUMBULL, Ashtabula Co. 

TRUMBULL -Pres., Mrs. O. K. Nye, Mrs. Sally Johnson, Mrs. T. Cook. Mrs. Eliza 
Langworthy, Mrs. Clara Judkins ; Vice Pres., Mrs. S. S. Humphrey, Mrs B Rich Mrs 
Wm. Nelson, Mrs. Sarah Thompson, Mrs. T. Curtis ; Sec, Mrs. L. G Nye Mrs A h' 
Dodge Miss Julia Judkins; Treas., Mrs, Wm. Fletcher. Mrs. B. Rich ; Committee, Mrs' 
H. Aylsworth, Mrs. B. M. Aylsworth. 

TRUMBULL AND MORGAN.-Pres., Mrs. Randolph Webster; Sec, Mrs. D L Damon 
Treas.. Mrs. Alta Winney. ' ! 

TWINSBURG, Summit Co. 

Pres Mrs. A. L. Nelson, Mrs. Sam'l Bissell: VicE Pres., Mrs. B. Ailing, Mrs. E. Booth- 
Sec. Mrs. A. V. Bishop, Mrs. H. W. Hanchett ; Treas., Mrs. S. A. Andrews, Mrs H w' 
Ilanchett, Mrs. R. Ilerrick. • • »• 

Cash expended in hospital relief, .$608.05. Thirty-seven packages of hospital stores 
forwarded, value not reported. Contributed t.. the Sanitary Fair, $10:^,49 To Freed- 
men, supi)lies and cash, ,$0.3.25. 

UNION MILLS, Erie Co., Pa. 
Pres.. Mrs. Oscar Black, Mrs. N./r. Hune ; Sec and Treas., Mrs. II. Landsrath. 

UNION TOWN, Stark Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Henrietta Sweedon, Mrs. A. M. Steesc; Sec, Mrs. Mary Tantlin.an- • Tre.. 

Mrs Kate Mohler, Mrs. H. B. Richards. " 

Kstiniate of supplies, $180. 

UNION VALLEY, Geauga Co. 

l'ia;s., Mrs. S. C. Wilder: Sec, Mrs. E. F. Williams. 
37 



50G APPENDIX F. 

UXIONVILLE, Lake Co. 

Pres., J. C. Ford, Mrs. E. Stratton ; Sec. and Treas., Miss Amelia Guild ; Directors, 
Mrs. T. S. Baldwin, Mrs. E. Gale, Miss L. Bartram, Mrs. Couse, Mrs. E. Cleveland, Miss 
Elmina Stratton. 

Estimate of contributions, $517.87. 

UNITY, Columbiana Co. 

PuES., Mrs. D. Augustine ; Sec, Miss Lavinia Early; Treas., Miss L. Shook. 

VERMILLION, EuiE Co. 

VERMILLION.— Pres., Mrs. Lewis Wells; Sec, Mrs. Philo Morehouee ; Theas., Mrs. 

Phi'be Case. 

VERMILLION, No. 2.— Pres., Mrs. A. B. Lyon ; Vice Pres., Miss S. Parsons ; Sec and 
Treas., Mrs. J. W. Thompson. 

VERMILLION, NORTH RIDGE.— Pres. and Tkeas., Mrs. C. Beardsley ; Vice Pres., 
Mrs. Benj. Summers; Sec, Mrs. A. C. Candee. 

VERNON, Trumbi:ll Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Francis Haynes ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Sarah Broiison ; Sec, Mrs. W. E. Chap- 
man : Treas., Mrs. Joseph Hooff. 
Cash expended, $198.40. Fourteen packages of hospital stores, value not reported. 

VIENNA, Tru-MBILl Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Sarah Sandford, Mrs. John Williams ; Vice Pres., Mrs Laura Woodford, 
Miss Kate Williams, Mrs. S. C. Treat ; Sec, Miss Dacia Squires, Miss Helen Betts, Mrs. 
Laura Woodford ; Treas., Miss Libbie Woodford, Mrs. J. J. Holliday ; Comjiittee, Mrs. 
Jndson GriflBs, Mrs. Smith Scovill, Mrs. Calvin Williams, Mrs. Morrison Perkins, Miss 
Helen Betts, Mrs. Lucius Hull, Mrs. Dr. Spencer, Mrs. Matthew Mackey, Miss Lucia 
Squires. 

Cash expended, $112.23. No estimate of supplies. 

WADS WORTH, Medina Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Julia Spragne; Vice Pres., Miss Mary P. Eyles ; Superintendents, Miss 
Mary H. Eyles, Miss Eliza A. Folger; Sec, Miss Almira S. Houston ; Treas., Miss Lura 
Boyer. 

Value of supplies, $500. Cash expended, $128. Cash to Cleveland Soldiers" Home, $50. 



WAKEMAN, HuKOX, Co. 

Pres., Miss Sarah Todd. Mrs. Julia Ilanlbrd; Vice Pres., Mrs. Amanda Johnson : Sec, 
Mrs. E. J. Bunce, Mrs. Lydia Bennett; Treas., Mrs. Clark, Mrs. Vaughan. 



APPENDIX F. 507 

WARREX. Tkumbtjjj. Co. 

WARREN.— Pres., Mrs. Ileinan R. Harmon; Vice Pres. Mrs. Charles Howard; Sec. 
AND Treas., Mrs. J. M. Stull ; Committee, Mrs. Junius Dana, Mies Clara Callender, Mrs. 
M. Bliss, Mrs. F. L. Leroj-. 

The Warren Branch worked zealously throuy:h tke whole period of the war without 
change of officers, and with remarkable efficiency. Its earlier efforts are unrecorded. 
The amount of cash expended is $1,26.5.17. The shipments of hospital stores are reported 
as ai,450 articles, valued at $9,000. 

WEST WARREK— Pres., Mrs. Dorcas Gaskill, Sec, Miss C. A. Reed. 

YOUNG LADIES' SOCIETY, WARREN.— Pres., Miss Frank P. Harmon ; Sec. Miss 
Mai-y Iddlngs ; Treas., Miss Emma Taylor. 
Cash expended, $MS. 

WARREN, Wakren Co., Pa. 

Pres., Mrs. R. Brown, Mrs. S. P. Johnson; Vice Pres., Mrs. S. V. Davis; Sec. and 
Treas., Mrs. R. P. King. 

Cash expended for hospital stores, $741.46. Cash sent to Relief Commissions, and for 
benefit of soldiers' widows and orphans, $99.5.87. 

WARRENSVILLE, C^uyahoga Co. 

WARRENSVILLE SOLDIERS' AID.— Pres., Mrs. W. H. Warren ; Sec, Mrs. Mary 
Taylor, Miss Alantha Adams ; Treas., Mrs. O. B. Judd. 

WARRENSVILLE MITE SOCIETY.— Pres., Mrs. Geo. Kent ; Sec.. Mrs. C. W. Hickox: 
Treas., Miss Delia Putnam. 

WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP, Columbiaxa Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Parker, Mrs. Coburn, Mrs. Nixon; Sec, Mrs. S. C. Bracken, Miss Emily 
Montgomery ; Treas., Mrs. Irwin. 
Cash expended, $400. Supplies not estimated. 

WATERFORD, Erie Co. Pa. 

Pres., Mrs. Samuel Ilutchins, Mrs. David Himrod ; Vice Pres., Mrs. H. R. Vincent, 
Mrs. Howe ; Sec, Miss Sarah H. Vincent ; Treas., Miss Maria Wood, Miss Phebe Himrod. 
Cash disbursed, $2,633. No report of supplies. 

( 

WAYNE, Ashtabula Co. 

WAYNE CENTER.— Pres., Mrs. Parker, Mrs. A. S. Grey; Vice Pres., Mrs. B. S. 
Decker ; Sec, Miss EUen Jones, Miss Hattie Fitts ; Treas., Mrs. Lucy Ward, Mrs. Chas. 
Hayes. 

SOUTH WAYNE.— Pres., Mrs. Linus Mathews, Mrs. P. Fonner; Sec, Miss R. P. 
Dean; Treas., Miss Fannie Dean. 
Estimate of contributions, $500. 



508 APPENDIX F. 

WAYNESBURGH, Stark Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Harriet Thomas, Mrs. J. G. Croxton, Mrs. S. K. Robinson; Vice Pres., 
Mrs. R. Blytli ; Sec, Mrs. E. H. Page, Mrs. J. C. Mong; Treas., Mrs. R. Morledge, Mrs. 
J. F. May : Committee, Mrs. J. N. Ross, Mrs. J. H. Creighton. Mrs. J. Morledge. 

Estimate of ediitribiitioiis, $900. 

WEATHER SFIELD, Trumbull Co. 

Pres., Mrs 11. T. Mason ; Vice Pkes., Mrs. S. Kingsley; Sec. Mrs. R. M. Robinson ; 
Treas., Mrs. C. Van Wie. 

WELLINGTON, Lorain Co. 

WELLINGTON.— Pres., Mrs. Henry Phelps, Mrs. O. Sage, Mrs. J. P. Nichols, Mrs. F. 
M. Hamlin, Rev. L. F. Ward ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Aldin Star, Mrs. E. O. Foots, Mrs. C. S. 
Foote, Mrs. H. B. Franks, Mrs. J. H. Woolley; Sec, Mrs. J. H. Dickson, Miss M. A. 
Hamlin, Miss L. D. Runnells, Mrs. Horace Wadsworth; Treas., Mrs. M. D. Calkins, Mrs. 
N. Hamlin. Mrs. B. G. Carpenter, Miss Lonisa Rnnnells. 

Cash expended, $1,18G.U5. Contribution to Sanitary Fair, 115.GC. Supplies not estimated. 

SOUTH-EAST WELLINGTON.— Pres., Mrs. Helen Howk ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Laura 
Russell. Mrs. S. A. Davison; Sec and Treas., Mrs. Hannah Bradley; Directors, ilrs. 
Esther Howk, Mrs. Electa Howk, Mrs. Mary Howk, Mrs. Esther A. Peabody. 



WELLSBURGH. Erie Co., PA. 
Pres.. Mrs. Hiram Irish; Sec, Mrs. S. J. Godfrey; Treas., Mrs. Titus Robinson. 

WELLS' CORNERS, Erie Co., Pa. 
Pres., Mrs. A. M. Compton : Sec, Mrs. M. E. Merchant. 

WELLSVILLE, Colujibtana Co. 

Prbs.. Mrs N. Murdoch, Mrs. House ; Sec, Mrs. E. II. Aver. Mrs. S. L. Fisher ; Treas., 
Mrs. P. F. Geisse. Atiss Mary Hurst. 

WELSHFIELD, Geauga Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Jedidah Reed; Sec, Mrs. Sylvia Hinckley. 

WESTFIELD, Medina Co. 

Pres.. Mrs. R. Gridley; Vice Pres., Mrs. H. Alden ; Sec, Mrs. H. Saxton, Mrs. C. 
Norton, Miss II. E. Bailey, Mrs. J. R. Collier, Miss Olive Gridley ; Treas., Mrs. A. G. 
Hawley, Miss Sarah Smith. Mrs. H. Farnham. 

Estimated contribution through the Sanitary Commission, direct to regiments, and for 
home cliarities. $()il',l.',lS. 



APPENDIX F. 509 

WESTERN STAR, Summit Co. 

Pres., Mrs. A. Brown ; Sec, Miss 0. E Ilenstis, Miss Julia Ncsmith ; Tkeas.. Mrs. E. 
Mattison. 
Kstimatc of coiilributions, $100. 

WESTVIEW. CuYAHOG.\ Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Phebe Adams, Mrs. T. L. Rpad ; Sec, Mrs. M. A. Yanghan, Mrs. E. M. 
Bakor; Tueas., Miss E. Adams. 

WEYMOUTH, Medina Co 

Pres , Miss Mary J. Packard ; Sec, Miss Jane Smedley, Miss E. Ilobbs ; Treas., Miss 
E. Packard, Miss Maria Carrinpton. 
Estimated contribution, $300. 

WHITE LAKE, Oakland Co., Mich. 

Pres , Mrs. J. C. Clark ; Sec, Miss Amanda Caldwell. Miss Emma Voorhies ; Treas., 
Mrs. Peter Voorhies; Committee. Mrs. Henry Clay, Mrs. Phipps, Mrs. Levi Crittenden, 
Mrs. Rev. N. Tucker. 

Estimate of contribution, $860. 

WICKLIFFE, Lake Co. 

Pres., Miss Louise Taylor; Sec, Miss Isabel Eddy; Treas., Miss Alice Arnold. 
Cash expended. $100. Supplies not reported. 

Wn.LIAMSFIELD, Ashtabula Co. 

WILLIAMSFIELD.— Pres.. Miss Corinthia Smith; Vice Pres.. Mi«s Louisa Barber; 
Sec, Mrs. Annette Clark; Treas., Mrs. E. Horner. 
Estimate of contributions, $(!00. 

WEST WILLIAMSriELD.— Pres., Mrs. Ellen Brooks; Sec, Mrs. Mattie Cowdry ; 
Tres., Miss Lottie Wilcox. 

WILLOUGHBY, Lake Co. 

WILLOUGHBY.— Pres.. Mrs. Heman Losey, Mrs. E. A. Ward : Sec and Treas.. Mrs. 
D. Scranton. 

WILLOUGHBY, WATTE HILL.— Prfs., Mrs. J. Hobart; Vice Pres.. Mrs. L. F. Waite; 
Sec, Mrs. H. G. Tryon ; Treas., Mrs. I. H. Tryon. 
Estimate of contributions, $400. Sent to Sanitary Fair, $150. 

WILLOUGHBY, DISTRICT No. 7.— Pres., Mrs. Sarah Barnes ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Cath- 
erine Holcombe, Mrs. Caroline Barnes ; Sec, Mrs. Mary Taylor, Mrs. Harvey Hall ; Treas., 
Mrs. Mary Harrington, Mrs. Harvey Hall. 

Cash estimated at $142.9.5. 

WILLOUGHBY AND MENTOR PLAINS.— Pres., Mrs. Maria S. J. Richardson; Vice 
Pres., Mrs. Maria Jenks ; Sec, Miss B. J. McLaughlin, Miss Maria Downing; Treas., 
Mrs. Eliza Murch, Miss Sarah A. Hyde; Directors, Mrs. E. A. Griswold, Mrs. Lucina 
Campbell, Mrs. Frances McEwen. 

Estimated contributions, $3.58.01. 



510 APPENDIX P. 

WILLOUGHBY RIDGE.— Pkes., Mrs. R. Fuller; Vice Pres., Mrs. D. Hills; Sec, Miss 
Ollie M. Alien; Tueas., Mrs. A. A. Ft'r§iison; Comsiittee, Mrs. M. A. Gillett, Miss Katie 
Atkinson. 

Cash expended, $32.0-2. Supplies contributed, sfSOO. 

WINCHESTER, Columbiana Co. 

PiiEs., Mrs. S. A. T. Loe; Sec, Miss M. E. Duudass ; Tp.bas., Mrs. L. Bidleman, Mrs. 
N. A. Hanna. 

Aggregate of supplies forwarded, $1,008.09. Contributed to Sanitary Fair. $11(".. Total. 
$1.1^.09. 

WINDFALL, LoRAix Co. 

Pres., Mrs. Wm. Webster; Sec, Mrs. Mary J. Frencli, Mrs. Alex. Frisbee ; Treas., 
Miss Louise Crowell. 

WINDHAM, PORTAGK Co. 

Pres., Mrs. James Sliaw ; Vice Prbs., Miss A. Wales, Mrs. Brown; Sec. and Treas., 
Mrs. E. Rossman, Mrs. F. E. Jagger, Miss Hattie C. Snow ; Executive Committee, Mrs. 
Dr. Applegate, Mrs. M. P. Higley, Mrs. O. Wadsworth, Mrs. N. Smith, Mrs. H. J. Noble, 
Mrs. E. W. Williams, Miss Mary Angel, Mrs. F. Alderman, Mrs. Grant, Miss E. Spencer, 
Miss L. Higley, Miss L. Snow. 

Estimate of contributions. $9,.SS6. 

WINDSOR, Ashtabula Co. 

WINDSOR.— Pres., Mrs. A. Rawdon, Mrs. E. St. John, Mrs. H. Pomeroy, Mrs. Asenath 
Dyer; Vice Pres., Mrs. Helen Cook, Mrs. H. Clapp, Mrs. Cordelia Dyer; Sec, Mrs. II. 
G. Barnard, Mrs. Catherine Rawdon ; Treas., Mrs. L. Hill, Mrs. Asenath Dyer. 

Supplies forwarded, $42:3.87. Expended in local relief, $18. Total disbursements, $441.87. 

WINDSOR, No. 3. — Pres., Mrs. Lucy Stevens ; Vice Pkes., Mrs. Asenath Adams ; Sec, 
Mrs. Julia A. Grover; Treas., Mrs. Caroline Adams. 
Value of supplies, $435. 

WINDSOR MILLS. — Pres., Mrs. Lucy Kinney ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Caroline Humphrey ; 
Sec, Miss Larissa C. Skinner; Treas., Mrs. E. P. Skinner; Chaplain, Mrs. Paulina 
Alderman ; Directors, Mrs. Jane Beard, Mrs. Irena Bart ram, Mrs. Paulina Frazier, Mrs. 
Emily Wiswell. 

SOUTH WINDSOR.— Pres., Mrs. Phebe Lathrop; Sec, Mrs. A. L. Sampson ; Treas., 
Miss A. Lathrop. 

WOODYILLE, Sandusky Co. 

Pres., Mrs. A. Dunham; Vice Pres., Mrs. E. Kellogg; Sec, Mrs. E. N. Baldwin, Mrs. 
C. Kellogg; Treas., Mrs. Geo. Brini. 
Cash estimated at $500. Supplies, $.500. Total contributions, $1,000. 

YORK, Medina Co. 
Pres., Mrs. A. H. Brinliiall ; Sec, Mrs. M. B. Pierce ; Treas., Miss Melinda Bowen. 



APPEJS^DIX F. 511 

YOUNGSTOWN, MAnoNiNO Co. 

YOUNGSTOWN.-Pres., Mrs. P. W. Keller, Mrs. R. McMilleu ; Vice Pkes., Mrs. Caro- 
line Garlick ; Sec, Miss Loraine Calvin ; Treas., Mrs. Richard Brown. 

The Yonngstown Branch, organized earlj' in the war, continued active till the calls for 
hospital relief ceased, with but slight change in its efficient organization. The amount 
of cash expended in the work of the Society is $1,810.50. The balance in hand at the close 
of the war, ,$91.08, was given to disabled soldiers or their destitute tVunilies ; making a 
total cash disbursement of $1,'.)01.58. Of the value of nine thousand articles of hospital 
furnishings no estimate has been reported. This Society was represented in the Sanitary 
Fair by contributions which netted $900. 

YOUNGSTOWN, FLINT HILL.-Pres. Mrs. Lydia Gibson, Mrs. Nancy McKinney: 
Sec, Mrs. L. J. Mikesell, Mrs. Jane Morrell ; Teeas., Mrs. H.E.Knox, Mrs. Harriet 
Knapp. 

YOUNGSTOWN, GRAMMAR SCHOOL.-Prbs. Miss Mattie Arms ; Vice Pkes., Miss 
Belle Crawford; Sec, Miss Addie Garlick; Tkeas., Miss Carrie Arms, Miss Allie Wick. 

YOUNGSTOWN, HIGH SCHOOL.-Pres., Miss Zadie Barclay; Vice Pres., Miss 
Martie Keller; Sec, Miss Ada Murray; Teeas., Miss Allie Baldwin. 



